Deck 17: A New South: Economic Progress and Social Tradition 1877-1900

Question 1

The term Solid South refers to:

A) reform groups that supported racial unity.
B) the growing power of the Lower South in the national economy.
C) the dominance of the Democratic Party in southern politics.
D) the South's commitment to balancing the wealth in the rural economy.

Answer 1

the dominance of the Democratic Party in southern politics.

Question 2

For the last two decades of the nineteenth century and much of the twentieth century, the Republican Party had the least success in the:

A) Midwest.
B) West.
C) South.
D) Northeast.

Answer 2

South.

Question 3

Important emerging industries in the New South included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) textiles.
B) processed chemicals.
C) railroad construction.
D) tobacco, in the form of cigarettes.

Answer 3

processed chemicals.

Question 4

What modern-day commodity became successful in the South by the early 1900s?

A) Kleenex
B) Hershey candy bars
C) Ford automobiles
D) Coca-Cola

Question 5

Between 1870 and 1900 in the South, urban-area population:

A) grew relatively quickly.
B) grew very slowly.
C) shrank slowly.
D) shrank dramatically.

Question 6

Around the turn of the twentieth century, wages in the South:

A) were higher than those in the North.
B) were about the same as those in the North.
C) were lower than those in the North.
D) could not be adequately measured.

Question 7

Per capita income in the South as a percentage of the national average was highest in:

A) 1860.
B) 1875.
C) 1890.
D) 1900.

Question 8

Low farm incomes in the New South resulted in:

A) a food shortage in the North.
B) the creation of a large labor force for new industries.
C) legislation that dismantled the banking system of the South.
D) most southerners leaving farming in favor of urban labor.

Question 9

Industrialism in the New South:

A) barely kept pace with the booming industrial economy of the North.
B) developed with higher wages for workers when compared to the North.
C) put the South at the forefront of the national economy by the early 1900s.
D) dramatically increased consumer spending throughout the South.

Question 10

Which statement about women in the New South is NOT true?

A) Their new roles in southern life changed the prevailing views about the role of women.
B) They found work in textile mills, in city factories, or as servants.
C) Some women became increasingly active in civic work and reform.
D) They organized clubs, preserved and promoted the memories of war, and lobbied for various causes.

Question 11

All of the following are true about the textile industry in the New South EXCEPT:

A) poor access to capital harmed the quality of textiles.
B) the workforce in textile factories was largely poor and uneducated.
C) most textile factories were located in the urban areas of the Upper South.
D) the consumer base for purchasing textiles in the South was weak.

Question 12

Many middle-class reformers objected to industrial labor because they disliked:

A) all labor unions that defended the rights of workers.
B) bringing urban development to the South.
C) the spread of socialist ideas in the Deep South.
D) the changes it caused in individual and family life.

Question 13

Traditional southerners felt that urban development in the South was:

A) needed to uplift the lagging culture of the South.
B) a benefit to increasing participation in organized religion.
C) evidence of the continuing domination of the North.
D) a positive development in the transformation toward an industrial economy.

Question 14

After the Civil War, farmers from the South:

A) grew more cotton, but made less money.
B) grew more food crops and less cotton.
C) paid low prices for fertilizer and farm tools.
D) enjoyed an increase in cotton prices.

Question 15

Which statement about cotton in the late 1800s of the New South is NOT true?

A) It was often used as collateral on loans.
B) Growing even more cotton would have bolstered sagging prices.
C) Increasing numbers of southern farmers began to cultivate cotton.
D) Many farmers chose growing cotton over diversification.

Question 16

Of the following, which is NOT a true statement about southern farmers and their fight to improve their circumstances from the 1870s to the 1890s?

A) They engaged in barter when they could.
B) They supplemented their income with occasional jobs off the farm.
C) They struggled to become better educated so they wouldn't have to work the farm forever.
D) They lobbied for debt-stay laws and formed farmer organizations.

Question 17

The main reason for low cotton prices in the 1890s was:

A) major wars in Europe that reduced foreign demand.
B) overproduction.
C) high export taxes enacted by Congress.
D) too few farmers growing cotton.

Question 18

The leaders of the Grange:

A) tended to come from the wealthier landowning class.
B) were Democratic representatives in the United States Congress.
C) were also involved in mobilizing the Socialist Party.
D) aggressively backed a program that would end the credit system.

Question 19

The powerful Southern Farmers' Alliance had its origins in:

A) Georgia.
B) Texas.
C) Nebraska.
D) Mississippi.

Question 20

Which description is the best portrayal of the Southern Farmers' Alliance?

A) a political party that challenged Redeemer Democrats in the 1880s
B) a consensus group that promoted the urbanization of the South
C) an organization founded in traditional southern values and cooperative ventures
D) a political lobbying group that influenced and changed federal farming policies

Question 21

The Holiness movement and the Church of God were similar in the way they:

A) rejected secular evils and accepted women on an equal basis.
B) combined religious fundamentalism with political activism on a federal level.
C) supported religious fundamentalists as candidates for president.
D) always refused to allow blacks to join their churches.

Question 22

Which of the following made the most use of Christianity in pursuing its goals?

A) the Southern Farmers' Alliance
B) the Grange
C) the Populist Party
D) the Redeemer Democrats

Question 23

The Colored Farmers' Alliance staged a strike in their effort to:

A) gain equal status within the Democratic Party.
B) boycott unfair prices set by manufacturers of jute.
C) bring labor unions to factories in the industrial South.
D) establish higher wages for cotton pickers.

Question 24

Which statement best describes the subtreasury plan?

A) using silver, rather than gold, to back the national currency
B) utilizing patronage to control key committees in state legislatures
C) storing cotton in warehouses in an effort to increase cotton prices
D) refusing to pay loans to protest the segregation of state institutions

Question 25

The Populist Party supported all of the following policies EXCEPT:

A) direct election of U.S. senators.
B) government ownership of railways.
C) proposals to make credit more easily available to farmers.
D) the regulation of health and safety standards in factories.

Question 26

A supporter of temperance believed that:

A) blacks deserved the right to vote.
B) political activism was immoral.
C) land should be equally distributed.
D) consumption of alcohol was sinful.

Question 27

All of the members of the following organizations were female activists EXCEPT the:

A) UDC.
B) WCTU.
C) N.A.A.C.P.
D) YWCA.

Question 28

Most southern women's clubs supported all of the following strategies EXCEPT:

A) forming alliances with black women's clubs in the South.
B) working to improve conditions in hospitals and orphanages.
C) forming alliances with white women's clubs in the North.
D) focusing efforts on improving conditions for women and children.

Question 29

In late nineteenth-century Europe, which of the following "races" was NOT considered among the most "fit"?

A) Nordics
B) Teutons
C) Anglo-Saxons
D) Slavs

Question 30

The Zionist movement encouraged Jews to immigrate to:

A) Palestine.
B) the United States.
C) Russia.
D) Romania.

Question 31

When T. McCants Stewart, a black northerner, traveled to the South in 1885, he was:

A) assailed by a mob of whites in South Carolina.
B) appalled by a lynching he helplessly observed.
C) surprised by the equal treatment that blacks received.
D) angered by the racial slurs he constantly heard.

Question 32

During the 1880s and 1890s, many young, white southerners:

A) became disenchanted with the Democratic Party.
B) began to become involved in preserving the right to vote for black males.
C) romanticized the heroes of the Civil War generation.
D) were appalled by the racial violence of their parents' generation.

Question 33

The killings of the owners of the People's Grocery in 1892 stemmed from the fact that:

A) southern whites often resented blacks who became economically successful.
B) the N.A.A.C.P. had effectively organized blacks in the South.
C) the Supreme Court began to issue decisions that protected blacks' rights.
D) whites held stereotypes of black men desiring white women.

Question 34

Which statement about lynchings in the South in the 1890s is true?

A) Lynchings decreased compared to the Reconstruction era.
B) Leaders of lynch mobs tended to come from the wealthy ruling class.
C) Lynchings and acts of violence against blacks increased dramatically.
D) The federal government began to aggressively attempt to end lynchings.

Question 35

In the Plessy v. Ferguson case, the Supreme Court ruled all of the following EXCEPT:

A) segregation was constitutional if facilities were equal.
B) laws cannot change racial instincts.
C) segregation on rail cars in Louisiana was unconstitutional.
D) no new laws of segregation could be passed without the Court's approval.

Question 36

The decision in the Plessy v. Ferguson case:

A) placed segregation at the forefront of national political debate.
B) led to the enactment of institutional segregation in the South.
C) had little actual effect on legislative actions in the South.
D) was issued with the unanimous support of the Court.

Question 37

Jim Crow laws:

A) declared that vigilante acts of violence were constitutional.
B) outlawed labor unions in the South.
C) established segregation as an institution in southern states.
D) promoted the goals of the Republican Party.

Question 38

Grandfather clauses and poll taxes were used to:

A) stop blacks from migrating to the North.
B) deny blacks the right to vote.
C) equalize wealth between poor and wealthy farmers.
D) exclude women from joining the Populist Party.

Question 39

Prior to disenfranchisement, blacks' participation in the politics of the South was:

A) not a factor in state politics.
B) active and influential.
C) sporadic and weak.
D) unimportant in local elections.

Question 40

The most commonly used form of disenfranchisement in the South was the:

A) grandfather clause.
B) literacy test.
C) poll tax.
D) understanding clause.

Question 41

D. W. Griffith's successful film, Birth of a Nation, promoted an image of:

A) blacks as equal citizens.
B) southerners and northerners working together.
C) radicalism within the rural reform movement.
D) a heroic Ku Klux Klan.

Question 42

In general, most attempts to eliminate government use of the Confederate battle flag in the South:

A) have garnered little attention from the media.
B) have met with little success.
C) showed that most white Southerners have little interest in the Confederate battle flag.
D) have helped politicians who supported such attempts.

Question 43

Booker T. Washington emphasized:

A) vocational training as a way of establishing economic independence.
B) the immediate rise of blacks into the professional class.
C) the creation of interracial colleges and other public institutions.
D) non-violent civil disobedience to gain legal reforms.

Question 44

In the Atlanta Compromise, Washington urged whites to provide education for blacks, and:

A) called for blacks to run for political office in the South.
B) urged blacks to accommodate themselves to segregation.
C) abandoned his hopes that blacks could become part of the industrial labor force.
D) denounced the powerful, white elite who dominated southern politics.

Question 45

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded in:

A) 1866.
B) 1873.
C) 1877.
D) 1910.

Question 46

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People:

A) was created by an act of Congress.
B) was shunned by W. E. B. Du Bois.
C) started out as an interracial organization.
D) made economic opportunity for blacks its main focus.

Question 47

All of the following statements about W. E. B. Du Bois are true EXCEPT:

A) he became disillusioned about southern whites aiding blacks.
B) he was the first African-American to earn a degree at Harvard.
C) he stressed agricultural education as the major aspect of improving life for blacks.
D) he promoted pride in the strengths of African-American culture.

Question 48

In his book, The Souls of Black Folk:

A) Washington's plan of self-help received its most influential support.
B) Du Bois attacked the stance of accommodation expressed by Washington.
C) Washington expressed that blacks should not vote until they received proper education.
D) Du Bois stated that southern whites were not needed for blacks to make social gains.

Question 49

The era of the New South:

A) was very much like the South in the years before the Civil War.
B) emerged as a time of growing economic opportunities for blacks and poor whites.
C) saw a marked drop in the development of urban centers in the South.
D) was characterized by the persistence of rural poverty and racial divisiveness.

Question 50

Which event happened last?

A) The Tuskegee Institute was opened.
B) The Supreme Court issued its decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.
C) Mississippi used literacy tests to restrict black suffrage.
D) The election of Rutherford B. Hayes ended Reconstruction.

Question 51

Which headline would have appeared in 1906?

A) "Bloody Race Riot Turns Atlanta into Cauldron of Violence"
B) "Populists Run Candidates for the First Time in Local Elections"
C) "Farmers' Alliance Plans Large Boycott of Jute Manufacturers"
D) "Du Bois is First Negro to Earn Degree at Harvard"

Question 52

What is the correct order of events?

A) Farmers' Alliance goes national, Atlanta Compromise address, Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Plessy v. Ferguson, Farmers' Alliance goes national, Atlanta Compromise address
C) Farmers' Alliance goes national, Plessy v. Ferguson, Atlanta Compromise address
D) Atlanta Compromise address, Farmers' Alliance goes national, Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 53

Which is the only event that happened in the twentieth century?

A) The United Daughters of the Confederacy was formed.
B) The Populist Party endorsed the Democratic presidential candidate.
C) Charles Macune expressed the grievances of farmers in Texas.
D) D. W. Griffith's Birth of a Nation drew huge crowds.

Question 54

In which year would many southerners have expressed the most romanticized vision of the defeated Confederacy?

A) 1858
B) 1866
C) 1872
D) 1890

Question 55

Which event happened first?

A) formation of the Populist Party
B) publication of The Souls of Black Folk
C) use of first literacy tests to restrict black voting
D) establishment of the Tuskegee Institute

Question 56

The potential headline "Supreme Court Rules Segregation Is Legal" would most likely have appeared in:

A) 1884.
B) 1887.
C) 1896.
D) 1902.

Question 57

What were some major examples of the growth of southern industry in the last quarter-century of the 1800s?

Question 58

What grievances and programs were expressed by the Southern Farmers' Alliance?

Question 59

In what ways did conservative governments of the South take away the suffrage rights of black men?

Question 60

What aspects of southern farming personified the large gap of wealth between large landowners and common farmers in the South?

Question 61

What was the Populist Party's original stance on race within their movement?

Question 62

In what ways was the activism of female reformers in the South both progressive and reactionary?

Question 63

Compare and contrast the views of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois regarding strategies that would achieve social progress for African-Americans.

Question 64

Address the following statement: "In the period of 1876-1900, the South made economic progress, but experienced social polarization as well."

Question 65

What factors accounted for the quick appeal, and then the sudden fall, of the Populist Party in the South?

Question 66

Describe the nature of the opposing forces of social reform and white supremacy in the South during the period of 1880-1900.