Deck 23: Nutrition and Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin B₁₂ is also named:

A) Cyanocobalamin.
B) Riboflavin.
C) Retinol.
D) Tocopherols.

Answer 1

Cyanocobalamin.

Question 2

The term associated with indirect methods for assessment of vitamin status is termed:

A) Proportional assays.
B) Functional assays.
C) Reciprocal assays.
D) Bioassays.

Answer 2

Functional assays.

Question 3

Insufficient amounts of vitamin A can lead to degenerative changes to the cornea, which leads to poor dark adaptation, or night blindness, also known as:

A) Myocarditis.
B) Dyslexia.
C) Photophobia.
D) Nyctalopia.

Answer 3

Nyctalopia.

Question 4

Which of the following functions as a chain-breaking antioxidant and is a pyroxyl radical scavenger that protects LDL and polyunsaturated fats in membranes from oxidation?

A) Vitamin D
B) ?-tocopherol
C) Thiamin
D) Menaquinone

Question 5

Vitamin E toxicity has been associated with which of the following?

A) Atherosclerosis
B) Clotting deficiencies
C) An affliction of premature infants who have been exposed to high oxygen therapy and later developed retinopathy of prematurity (formerly retrolental fibroplasias)
D) Hepatoma

Question 6

A direct assay for measurement of plasma phylloquinone is useful to assess:

A) Vitamin D status.
B) Vitamin B₁₂ status.
C) Folate deficiency.
D) Vitamin K status.

Question 7

Decreased serum levels of vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid are seen in patients with which of the following?

A) Coronary artery disease
B) Sprue
C) Beriberi
D) Wilson's disease

Question 8

A patient with megaloblastic anemia would show which of the following?

A) Elevated vitamin B₁₂, elevated folic acid
B) Elevated vitamin B₁₂, decreased folic acid
C) Decrease vitamin B₁₂, elevated folic acid
D) Decreased vitamin B₁₂, decreased folic acid

Question 9

An individual who consumes massive amounts of vitamin C may develop kidney stones consisting of:

A) Glycolic acid.
B) Uric acid.
C) Oxalic acid.
D) Linoleic acid.

Question 10

Changes in vitamin B₁₂ are most dramatic in tissues with the greatest rate of cell turnover because:

A) Deficiencies result in impaired RNA synthesis in any cell where chromosomal replication and division takes place.
B) Deficiencies result in impaired excretion of metabolic waste products from the cells' cytosol.
C) Deficiencies result in impaired function of cytochrome P450.
D) Deficiencies result in impaired DNA synthesis in any cell where chromosomal replication and division takes place.

Question 11

Three natural forms of vitamin B₆ are:

A) Cholic acid, tauracholic acid, and glycocholic acid.
B) Pyridoxine (pyridoxol) (PN), pyridoxamine (PM), and pyridoxal (PL).
C) Caffeine, xanthene, and ubiquinone.
D) Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and flavin.

Question 12

A patient presents with the following symptoms:
? Loss of appetite
? Generalized weakness and irritability
? Abdominal pain and vomiting
? Bright red tongue (glossitis)
? Skin rash ("Casal's necklace")
Which of the following is associated with these symptoms?

A) Scurvy
B) Rickets
C) Pellagra
D) Dermatitis

Question 13

Measurement of vitamin B₁₂ concentration in serum using an immunoassay is an example of which of the following?

A) Indirect assay
B) Direct assay
C) Screening assay
D) Bioassay

Question 14

Which of the following is described as a nervous system ailment because of a deficiency of thiamine?

A) Pellagra
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Beriberi
D) Parkinson disease

Question 15

Rickets in children or osteoporosis in adults can be minimized though dietary supplementation with which of the following?

A) Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin A
D) High doses of ascorbic acid

Question 16

Pellagra is associated with a deficiency of which of the following vitamins?

A) Vitamin B₂
B) Vitamin B₃
C) Vitamin B₁₂
D) Vitamin D

Question 17

Niacin is converted to which of the following two cofactors?

A) Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
B) Vitamin B₁₂ and ubiquinone
C) Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate
D) Thiamine pyrophosphate and biotin

Question 18

Which vitamin is a component of two redox coenzymes?

A) Folic acid
B) Vitamin A
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin B₂