Deck 1: Alien Encounters: Europe in the Americas

Question 1

Columbus and other early explorers searched for a direct all-water route to Asia because they

A) hoped to gain easier access to highly valued Asian goods.
B) could help western Europe win the Crusades against the Muslims.
C) could prove that the earth was round rather than flat.
D) thought Japan and China were rich and not the poor countries Marco Polo described.

Answer 1

hoped to gain easier access to highly valued Asian goods.

Question 2

The map "European Voyages of Discovery," depicts the 1497-1499 journey around Africa by which of the following?

A) da Gama
B) Cabot
C) Cartier
D) Magellan

Answer 2

da Gama

Question 3

Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal was noted for

A) voyaging to the area of Brazil long before Columbus.
B) sponsoring the slave trade which brought so much profit to his nation.
C) discovering the southern tip of Africa.
D) improving and codifying navigational knowledge in order to find a route to Asia.

Answer 3

improving and codifying navigational knowledge in order to find a route to Asia.

Question 4

When Columbus landed in America, the chief reason that he thought he had landed in "the Indies" was

A) the ease with which the natives understood his language.
B) his discovery of the place of the Grand Khan.
C) his firm belief that he had sailed far enough westward to reach them.
D) the plants there were similar to those in Asia.

Question 5

By the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), Spain had authority to exploit all of

A) North and South America except Brazil.
B) Africa and the Middle East except Egypt.
C) South America except Colombia.
D) North America and Central America, but not South America.

Question 6

Your textbook describes Spain's American empire as

A) treating the Indians as equals by establishing joint ventures with them.
B) seeing the Americas as lands of opportunity and freedom, yet fearing other countries might introduce slavery.
C) failing totally to transplant Spanish culture in the Americas.
D) trying to implant Spanish civilization and introduce Christianity, but also committing unprovoked aggression.

Question 7

In the 1670s thousands of Pueblo rebelled to drive the

A) Spanish from New Mexico.
B) Portuguese out of Brazil.
C) Spanish from Florida.
D) French out of Texas.

Question 8

When discussing the question of the terrible decimation of the Native American peoples after 1500, your text concludes that most deaths resulted from

A) European diseases.
B) intertribal warfare.
C) modern weaponry.
D) extermination of traditional game.

Question 9

The exploration and exploitation of the Americas in the sixteenth century was dominated by

A) Holland.
B) Spain.
C) England.
D) France.

Question 10

One of the major reasons the Protestant Reformation succeeded was that

A) Italian merchants realized it made fewer financial demands on them than Catholicism.
B) political figures could use its challenge to Rome's spiritual authority in order to increase their power.
C) the Catholic church was beset by papal luxury and bureaucratic corruption.
D) it encouraged democratic revolutions to overthrow monarchies throughout Europe.

Question 11

The king who brought the Protestant Reformation to England by declaring himself head of the English Church in order to divorce his first wife was

A) Charles V.
B) Henry VIII.
C) James I.
D) Richard III.

Question 12

The bold captain encouraged by Queen Elizabeth I to plunder Spanish merchant ships on the high seas was

A) Martin Frobisher.
B) Sir Walter Raleigh.
C) Humphrey Gilbert.
D) Francis Drake.

Question 13

Spain could no longer block English entry into the New World because of the

A) Treaty of Castile with Philip II of Spain.
B) success of Walter Raleigh's colony at Roanoke Island.
C) English destruction of the invading Spanish Armada.
D) collapse of Spanish settlements in what became New England.

Question 14

In arguing for royal assistance for English colonization, Richard Hakluyt stressed the

A) military advantages of building forts to threaten Spanish treasure fleets.
B) likelihood of settling religious dissenters and criminals in the New World.
C) possibilities of jointly exploiting the New World with Spain.
D) need to prevent Dutch expansion.

Question 15

According to your text, the organizing force in the effort to found English colonies came from

A) Protestant reformers.
B) Queen Elizabeth.
C) political reformers.
D) merchant capitalists.

Question 16

The earliest British colonies were initially financed by

A) Elizabeth I.
B) joint-stock companies.
C) James I.
D) Protestant dissenters.

Question 17

The most direct motive of the London Company in securing its charter was

A) providing for religious freedom.
B) spreading Christianity.
C) relieving unemployment in England.
D) making money.

Question 18

A serious problem in the early years of Jamestown was the

A) lack of pioneering skills among the settlers.
B) religious strife between Protestants and Catholics.
C) loss of life from constant Spanish raids.
D) exclusive focus on public improvements and farming.

Question 19

The eventual success of the Virginia settlement depended largely upon the

A) overthrow of Captain John Smith's dictatorial leadership.
B) negotiation of peace treaties with the Native Americans.
C) voluntary withdrawal of the London merchants from involvement in the colony's affairs.
D) cultivation of tobacco.

Question 20

Initially, the Powhatan Native Americans reacted to the Virginia colonists by

A) helping them survive.
B) worshipping them as gods.
C) eagerly accepting their religion.
D) rapidly adopting their technology.

Question 21

Between 1606 and 1622, the London Company, which established the Virginia Colony,

A) was one of the most profitable trading companies ever established.
B) sent out thousands of settlers, more than half of whom died.
C) invested very little money in the project but guided it effectively.
D) populated the colony with convicts and paupers.

Question 22

In 1624, the charter of the London Company was

A) renewed.
B) revoked.
C) initiated.
D) renegotiated.

Question 23

Puritans objected to the way Queen Elizabeth I's bishops interpreted the Protestant doctrine of predestination because the bishops argued that

A) the morality of individual behavior on earth had no effect on God's decision about a person's salvation.
B) people who knew they were saved need not be bound by earthly laws.
C) a person's efforts to lead a good life might cause God to change His mind and save a person who was previously damned.
D) the correctness of an individual's religious beliefs had no effect on whether a person was saved or damned.

Question 24

The Pilgrims left England primarily because they

A) were expelled from England by the government.
B) believed the Church of England was too corrupt to save.
C) wanted to form a profitable trading company.
D) wanted to establish a colony where everyone could have freedom of religion.

Question 25

The Mayflower Compact was an early example of the idea that

A) a society should be based on a set of rules chosen by its members.
B) a colony should treat the Native Americans honestly and fairly.
C) the colonists needed to have a financial stake in their success.
D) toleration of all religions is a foundation of American society.

Question 26

The religious dissenters who established Plymouth colony were the

A) Ranters.
B) Quakers.
C) Puritans.
D) Pilgrims.

Question 27

Many Puritans left England around 1630 to settle in Massachusetts Bay because

A) Jamestown and Plymouth were economically successful.
B) Anglican cleric William Laud was removing ministers with Puritan sympathies and tightening his centralized control of the church.
C) they read about the amazing fertility of the land and decided they would gain great wealth overnight.
D) Anglican cleric William Laud ordered them to forfeit their property or leave.

Question 28

According to the leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the inspiration for their organization stemmed from

A) a proclamation by Queen Elizabeth I.
B) the Mayflower Compact.
C) a treaty with the natives.
D) the divine.

Question 29

The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was

A) Edward Winslow.
B) William Bradford.
C) John Smith.
D) John Winthrop.

Question 30

The Puritan commonwealth of Massachusetts Bay was characterized by

A) true and complete democracy.
B) practical democracy.
C) communal holding of land.
D) toleration for all religions.

Question 31

To whom was William Bradford referring to when he described someone possessed with "many precious parts, but very unsettled in judgment"?

A) Ignatius Loyola
B) John Winthrop
C) Roger Williams
D) Anne Hutchinson

Question 32

Rhode Island, distinguished for its religious freedom and rigid separation of church and state, was founded by

A) Roger Williams.
B) Thomas Hooker.
C) William Bradford.
D) John Winthrop.

Question 33

She was banished from Massachusetts for claiming that she regularly received divine insights.

A) Betty Sewall
B) Anne Bradstreet
C) Eliza Pinckney
D) Anne Hutchinson

Question 34

In the proprietary colony, the proprietor's income resulted primarily from

A) profits gained from trading with the Native Americans.
B) annual rents from lands granted to settlers.
C) import and export duties paid by the colonists.
D) payments from the monarchy.

Question 35

The colony founded as a religious refuge for Catholics was

A) Rhode Island.
B) New Jersey.
C) Virginia.
D) Maryland.

Question 36

The religion of Maryland's colonists was

A) partly Protestant, but a large majority were Catholic.
B) almost entirely Puritan.
C) partly Catholic, but a large majority were Protestant.
D) almost entirely Catholic.

Question 37

The colony whose charter was a grandiose plan, written with the help of political philosopher John Locke and designed to recreate a hereditary nobility and feudal society was

A) New York.
B) Maryland.
C) New Jersey.
D) Carolina.

Question 38

________ traders were most likely to see Indians as essential trading partners.

A) Dutch
B) English
C) French
D) Spanish

Question 39

New York was an English colony because the English

A) planted a colony there before any other colonizing power.
B) immigrants to the area gradually overwhelmed foreign interests.
C) captured the area from the Dutch.
D) defeated the French in the War of Spanish Succession.

Question 40

The Quakers' religious beliefs were based on

A) submission to governmental authority.
B) a hierarchical society led by a hereditary nobility.
C) an educated and ordained ministry.
D) direct, mystical experience of religious truth.

Question 41

The proprietor of the colony founded as a haven for Quakers was

A) Lord Baltimore.
B) William Penn.
C) John Oriole.
D) Sir John Colleton.

Question 42

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the success of the colony of Pennsylvania?

A) the presence of settled colonies on all sides
B) fertile soil
C) William Penn's tireless promotion
D) the democratic political system put in place by William Penn

Question 43

Except possibly for the Spanish friars, most Europeans considered the Native Americans to be

A) contemptible heathens.
B) their equals in every way.
C) people who should be left alone and uncontaminated by European civilization.
D) ideal converts to Christianity.

Question 44

The attitude of most Native Americans toward their environment can be seen in the way they

A) feared Satan's control of nature.
B) obeyed God's command to dominate and subdue nature.
C) diverted rivers, cleared fields, and built roads.
D) allowed the wilderness to remain pristine.

Question 45

One source of problems between the Europeans and the Native Americans was the common European misunderstanding of the Native Americans'

A) sharp division of labor between men's and women's work.
B) common language and culture throughout the hemisphere.
C) desire to preserve the environment in its purest state.
D) idea of communal land tenure.

Question 46

According to your text, the cultural chasm between Europeans and Indians was most evident in the area of

A) religion; because the language barrier prevented the "worthy" Indians from being properly converted to Christianity.
B) material property; because Europeans could not understand why Indians were so devoted to amassing vast collections of personal property.
C) warfare; because Europeans fought in large groups to destroy their enemies, whereas Indians fought more often to display their courage or avenge a wrong.
D) gender relations; because Europeans were angered by the fact that Indian women refused to work in the fields.

Question 47

Which of the following was domesticated by many tribes to form a staple of their diet and contributed enormously to the success of the English colonies?

A) cattle
B) corn
C) rice
D) wheat

Question 48

According to your text, which of the following best describes the relative impact of Native American and European cultures on each other?

A) Europeans profited extensively; Native Americans gained nothing.
B) The influence of European culture was limited to those tribes in immediate contact with colonies.
C) The Europeans and the Indians became interdependent.
D) Native American culture had no impact on Europeans, whereas European culture totally transformed Native American societies.

Question 49

Columbus was unaware of Marco Polo's overland journey to Asia in the thirteenth century.

Question 50

The Requerimiento was used by Spanish explorers to justify their conquest of the Native Americans.

Question 51

The plants and animals Europeans introduced to the Americas did not have a negative effect on the existing ecosystem.

Question 52

The colony Roanoke was established by Sir Walter Raleigh.

Question 53

Because he was such a strong opponent of Catholicism, King James I of England authorized a new translation of the Bible.

Question 54

Reverend Thomas Hooker led the group that started the colony of Connecticut.

Question 55

In both the Pequot War and King Philip's War the New England colonists refused to attack Indian villages.

Question 56

The Dutch claim to the New Netherlands was based on the explorations of Henry Hudson.

Question 57

Most Native Americans eagerly adopted European technology.

Question 58

What were the major characteristics of the Spanish empire in the Americas?

Question 59

Describe the common characteristics of initial encounters between Europeans and Native Americans.

Question 60

Compare and contrast the colonies of Virginia and Massachusetts Bay in the 17th century. Who were the colonists? Why did they come? How successful were they?

Question 61

Explain the major beliefs of the English Puritans. How did their ideas differ from those of the Church of England?

Question 62

Describe the major characteristics of the "Columbian Exchange." What were its most important results?

Question 63

What is the definition of the following key term:
-Arminianism :

Question 64

What is the definition of the following key term:
-Protestant Reformation :

Question 65

What is the definition of the following key term:
-Quakers :