Deck 9: The Computer Industry: History,Careers,and Ethics

Question 1

High-level languages were developed for first-generation computers.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

By 2000,one of the few remaining minicomputers was the IBM AS/400.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

All major companies in the IT industry are headquartered in Silicon Valley.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Laws and ethics are really just different words for the same concept.

Question 5

The end of the dot-com bubble meant a decline in IT sector job openings.

Question 6

Some of the first microcomputers required assembly by the user.

Question 7

All dot-com companies are universally considered part of the IT industry.

Question 8

It is less expensive to replace software with brand new software than to purchase an upgrade.

Question 9

Industry observers expect the number of telecommuting IT workers to decrease over the next decade.

Question 10

Second-generation computers were characterized by their use of operating systems.

Question 11

First-generation computers used vacuum tube technology.

Question 12

Current processor technology requires very large scale integration (VLSI)that packs millions of components on a single chip.

Question 13

The computer industry encompasses those companies that manufacture computers and computer components.

Question 14

A computer certification will totally prepare a person for a job in the IT industry.

Question 15

Some job hunting experts advise IT job seekers to spend no more than 50% of their total job hunting efforts online.

Question 16

In IT,job titles are standardized.

Question 17

In the United States,the IT industry is fully regulated by the FCC.

Question 18

Assembly language and machine language are the same.

Question 19

To reduce cell phone radiation,you should use hands-free devices.

Question 20

First-generation computers were characterized by custom application programs.

Question 21

A computer (technician) designs and tests new hardware products._________________________

Question 22

A calculator that implements instructions autonomously is a(n)____.

A) slide rule
B) abacus
C) mechanical calculator
D) algorithm

Question 23

In the (maintenance) stage of the hardware product life cycle,as supply and demand for product reach an equilibrium,the manufacturer might reduce the price to keep the product attractive to buyers._________________________

Question 24

A device consisting of several rods divided into ten squares,each labeled with two numbers,with the rods positioned according to the numbers in the calculation,is a(n)____.

A) slide rule
B) algorithm
C) abacus
D) Napier's Bones

Question 25

To combat potential health hazards associated with computer use,you should try to take breaks every (20) minutes._________________________

Question 26

The Difference Engine was a calculator that operated using (steam power)._________________________

Question 27

Relocating business processes,such as development and production,to lower-cost locations is called (privatizing)._________________________

Question 28

In 1947,it was estimated that there would only be a need for (100) electronic computers to satisfy the computing needs of the entire United States._________________________

Question 29

(RFID) chips embedded in ID badges can be used to keep track of employees' locations in an office or manufacturing facility._________________________

Question 30

Sometimes a software publisher releases a(n) (beta) version of the software to individuals and companies in the general public to expose the software to the widest possible variety of computers and operating environments._________________________

Question 31

A(n) (LCD) generates x-rays which are considered harmful._________________________

Question 32

Security specialists install and configure antivirus software and (firewalls)._________________________

Question 33

The first mass-produced mechanical calculator was the ____.

A) Pascaline
B) Leibniz
C) de Colmar's Arithmometer
D) IBM Selectrix

Question 34

The product (design) stage of the lifecycle of a new hardware product often takes place under wraps._________________________

Question 35

When using a computer,the proper position for your back is leaning (forward) slightly._________________________

Question 36

The type of manual calculator first used in ancient Rome,Greece,India,China,and Japan is called a(n)____.

A) slide rule
B) algorithm
C) abacus
D) Napier's Bones

Question 37

A tool used for making calculations that was considered essential for engineering and science students through the 1960s is a(n) (abacus)._________________________

Question 38

(Confidentiality) is the obligation not to disclose willingly any information that should be kept private._________________________

Question 39

A step-by-step process by which numbers are manipulated is a(n)____.

A) algorithm
B) computer
C) calculation
D) abacus

Question 40

(Contract) workers can be added to company staff when needed,instead of hiring full-time workers who might later be laid off if the company is forced to downsize._________________________

Question 41

The first commercial microcomputer was the ____.

A) Mark 8
B) MITS Altair
C) Apple I
D) IBM PC

Question 42

According to the text,a narrow definition of the term "computer industry" would be those companies that ____.

A) manufacture computers and computer components
B) manufacture computers,components,peripherals,and accessories
C) develop,produce,sell,and support computers
D) both a and c

Question 43

____ set another hardware milestone when it introduced the iPad in 2010.

A) Apple
B) Microsoft
C) IBM
D) NASA

Question 44

The first commercially successful minicomputer was the ____.

A) RCA Spart 7
B) IBM 360
C) DEC PDP-8
D) IBM AS400

Question 45

Computers characterized by their use of transistors are considered ____ -generation.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 46

The electronic device used to decode messages encrypted by the Germans was the ____.

A) COLOSSUS
B) Enigma
C) Enivac
D) UNIVAC

Question 47

____ are a segment of the IT industry.

A) Software publishers
B) Service companies
C) Computer retailers
D) All of the above

Question 48

A vacuum tube can have ____ state(s).

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) unlimited

Question 49

The first IBM PCs used ____ as an operating system.

A) MS-DOS
B) PC-DOS
C) Windows
D) IBM-DOS

Question 50

IBM created a computer that integrated 73 IBM Automatic Accounting Machines into a single unified computing unit called the ____.

A) ABC
B) Z3
C) Enigma
D) Harvard Mark 1

Question 51

The general-purpose electronic computer designed to calculate trajectory tables for the U.S.Army was ____.

A) COLOSSUS
B) Enigma
C) ENIAC
D) UNIVAC

Question 52

An experimental device that typically must be further developed and perfected before going into production is called a(n)____.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) prototype
D) omega

Question 53

The first commercially successful digital computer was the ____.

A) COLOSSUS
B) Enigma
C) Enivac
D) UNIVAC

Question 54

The U.S.Census Bureau held a competition to find a way to tabulate the 1890 census.The Hollerith Tabulating Machine won.The company is now known as ____.

A) HP
B) HTM
C) IBM
D) HAL

Question 55

The first electronic computer to use vacuum tubes instead of switches was the ____.

A) ABC
B) Z3
C) Enigma
D) Mark 1

Question 56

By the mid-1990s,IBM-compatible computer systems accounted for more than ____ percent of all personal computer sales.

A) 70
B) 80
C) 90
D) 99

Question 57

Computers characterized by their use of microprocessors are ____-generation.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 58

Punched cards were used in ____.

A) PCs from 1983 to 1988
B) first-generation computers
C) 1970s mainframes
D) none of the above

Question 59

The birth of the software industry was a result of high-level languages developed for ____-generation computers.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 60

Computers characterized by their use of vacuum tubes are considered ____-generation.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 61

The life cycle of a new computer product is shown in the accompanying figure,in which box C represents ____.

A) Product Development
B) Product Announcement
C) Introduction
D) Product Design

Question 62

The following are marketing channels for computer hardware and software: ____.

A) computer retail stores
B) mail-order/Internet outlets
C) value-added resellers
D) all of the above

Question 63

____ refers to hardware manufacturers that sell their products directly to consumers.

A) Manufacturer direct
B) Mail order
C) VAR
D) all of the above

Question 64

The first phase of testing generally carried out by the software publisher's in-house test team is called ____.

A) white box testing
B) black box testing
C) alpha testing
D) beta testing

Question 65

The life cycle of a new computer product is shown in the accompanying figure,in which box D represents ____.

A) Introduction
B) Product Design
C) Maintenance
D) Product Announcement

Question 66

The accompanying figure represents computer and software marketing channels.In that figure,box B represents ____.

A) distribution centers
B) value-added resellers
C) mail-order suppliers
D) retail stores

Question 67

The life cycle of a new computer product is shown in the accompanying figure,in which box B represents ____.

A) Introduction
B) Product Announcement
C) Product Development
D) Product Design

Question 68

A ____ combines commercially available products with specialty hardware or software.

A) manufacturer direct
B) mail order firm
C) VAR
D) all of the above

Question 69

The accompanying figure represents computer and software marketing channels.In that figure,box C represents ____.

A) distribution centers
B) value-added resellers
C) mail-order suppliers
D) retail stores

Question 70

After Microsoft's share of the total personal computer operating system market,the remaining share is taken up by ____.

A) Apple
B) several Linux vendors
C) DEC
D) both a and b

Question 71

The accompanying figure represents computer and software marketing channels.In that figure,box D represents ____.

A) distribution centers
B) value-added resellers
C) mail-order suppliers
D) retail stores

Question 72

____ specialize in the sale and support of microcomputer software and hardware.

A) Computer retail stores
B) Computer specialty stores
C) Large box stores
D) None of the above

Question 73

A set of software tests conducted by a team of off-site testers is called ____.

A) white box testing
B) black box testing
C) alpha testing
D) beta testing

Question 74

Worldwide,Hewlett-Packard and ____ lead the pack,each with close to 15% market share.

A) Dell
B) IBM
C) Apple
D) Lenovo

Question 75

Worldwide,consumers spend more than $____ on information technology each year.

A) 1 billion
B) 10 billion
C) 1 trillion
D) 10 trillion

Question 76

Microsoft's share of the total personal computer operating system market is about ____.

A) 80%
B) 85%
C) 90%
D) 95%

Question 77

____ is a special type of retailing in which a vendor takes orders by phone or from an Internet site,and then ships the product to consumers.

A) Manufacturer direct
B) Mail order
C) VAR
D) all of the above

Question 78

The accompanying figure represents computer and software marketing channels.In that figure,box A represents ____.

A) distribution centers
B) value-added resellers
C) mail-order suppliers
D) retail stores

Question 79

Factors affecting the success of the IT industry include: ____.

A) population growth & business globalization
B) declining population & business globalization
C) population growth & interest rate declines
D) Internet declines & business globalization

Question 80

The life cycle of a new computer product is shown in the accompanying figure,in which box A represents ____.

A) Introduction
B) Product Announcement
C) Product Development
D) Product Design