Deck 17: Gynecology

Question 1

The hormone that surges (increases rapidly in concentration) just prior to the release of an egg from an ovarian follicle is:

A) Luteinizing hormone
B) Growth hormone
C) Follicle stimulating hormone
D) Testosterone

Answer 1

Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 2

Gestational diabetes mellitus:

A) Rarely leads to diabetes mellitus in later life
B) Increases body temperature measurements
C) Is a common cause of abnormal enlargement of the fetus
D) Usually occurs in women who fail to gain weight in pregnancy

Answer 2

Is a common cause of abnormal enlargement of the fetus

Question 3

Mackenrodt's ligaments:

A) Suspend the uterus in the pelvis
B) Maintain the liver in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen
C) Secrete insulin
D) Control the outflow of urine from the bladder

Answer 3

Suspend the uterus in the pelvis

Question 4

A hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract is:

A) Thyroid hormone
B) Oxytocin
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin
D) Estrogen

Question 5

Identical twins usually share all of the following, except:

A) A single chorion
B) A single genome
C) A single umbilicus

Question 6

Blood glucose monitoring is used in pregnancy primarily to:

A) Identify patients who develop diabetes mellitus
B) Identify patients who are hypoglycemic
C) Identify women with eclampsia or pre-eclampsia
D) Assess for twin pregnancies

Question 7

One important distinction between breast milk and infant nutritional formula is:

A) Breast milk is more acidic
B) Breast milk contains maternal antibodies
C) Breast milk is more easily shipped and stored
D) Breast milk is pasteurized

Question 8

Uterine bleeding that occurs between menstrual periods is known as:

A) Metrorrhea
B) Metrocele
C) Metrorrhagia
D) Metroplasty

Question 9

Some contraceptives contain estrogens; others: progesterones; and still others, both estrogens and progesterones. A minipill contains:

A) Small amounts of both hormones
B) Progesterone only
C) Estrogen only
D) A placebo. It has no active ingredient

Question 10

An intrauterine pressure catheter is typically used to determine:

A) The presence of a twin pregnancy
B) Structural abnormalities of the fetus
C) If labor is arrested
D) If an expectant mother is panicky

Question 11

The muscular, contractile layer of the uterus is known as the:

A) Myometrium
B) Endometrium
C) Placenta
D) Leiomyoma

Question 12

A painful cyst that forms in the vulvae is known as:

A) Bartholin's gland cyst
B) Nabothian cyst
C) Ovarian cyst
D) Hydrosalpinx

Question 13

In the weeks before she gives birth to her first child, an expectant mother begins preparing a bedroom for her child, with blankets, decorations, and new furnishings. The expectant mother is:

A) Obsessive
B) Manic
C) Nesting
D) Narcissistic

Question 14

Which of the following can contribute to infertility?

A) Eating disorders
B) Oophorectomy
C) Oligoovulation
D) Cancer chemotherapy
E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

The VDRL, FTA-ABS, or RPR tests are used to identify:

A) Blood type
B) Chromosomal abnormalities
C) Diabetes
D) Syphilis
E) All of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following is a common cause of dysmenorrhea?

A) Pelvic inflammatory disease
B) Imperforate hymen
C) An intrauterine device
D) Endometriosis
E) All of the above

Question 17

A woman with lactation mastitis is:

A) perimenopausal
B) likely infected with Staphylococcus aureus
C) infertile
D) likely to give birth to twins

Question 18

Which of the following is a biomarker of a trophoblastic tumor?

A) beta HCG
B) alpha fetoprotein
C) PSA

Question 19

A young woman with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus:

A) Should avoid getting pregnant
B) Should use oral hypoglycemic agents to control her blood sugars
C) Should test her blood sugar, and make adjustments in her diabetic regimen several times a day
D) Should never eat carbohydrates

Question 20

Compared to standard mammographic techniques, digital mammography:

A) Improves the visualization of abnormalities in the breasts of older women
B) Improves the visualization of abnormalities in the breasts of younger women
C) Increases the risk of secondary cancers
D) Includes manipulation of the breasts with the fingers (digits) of the radiographer.

Question 21

Infiltrating ductal breast cancer:

A) Is found around the nipple or aureola of the breast
B) Is a precancerous lesion
C) Invades the tissues around the lactiferous ducts
D) Does not metastasize

Question 22

After mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer in the left breast:

A) The patient usually develops hypertrophic muscles in the left arm
B) Breast tissue in the left breast spontaneously re-grows
C) Breast tissue in the right breast grows to compensate for the missing tissue on the left side
D) The patient may develop lymphedema in the left arm

Question 23

Which of the following is not a typical indication for hysterectomy?

A) Endometrial cancer
B) Menopause
C) Uterine rupture
D) Intractable postpartum bleeding

Question 24

Estrogen and progesterone can be given for which of the following purposes?

A) To alleviate vasomotor symptoms (e.g. hot flashes) that occur during menopause
B) To treat breast cancer
C) To treat endometrial cancer
D) To treat hypothyroidism
E) All of the above
F)None of the above

Question 25

Follicle-stimulating hormone releasing hormone is made by:

A) The hypothalamus
B) The anterior pituitary gland
C) The posterior pituitary gland
D) The ovaries
E) The adrenal glands

Question 26

MRgFUS (magnetic resonance imaging-guided ultrasound therapy) is a recognized treatment for:

A) Uterine fibroids
B) Stroke
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Hearing loss

Question 27

Any substance that adversely affects the normal growth and development of a fetus is known as a:

A) Carcinogen
B) Teratogen
C) Germ line
D) Orphan drug

Question 28

The period during human embryonic and fetal development during which the conceptus is most likely to suffer the adverse effects of exposure to toxic chemicals, infectious diseases, or other harmful conditions is:

A) The first trimester
B) The second trimester
C) The third trimester
D) The immediate postpartum period

Question 29

The period of organogenesis is defined most accurately as:

A) The first week of pregnancy
B) The second to eighth week of pregnancy
C) The final weeks of pregnancy
D) The hours surrounding delivery of the newborn infant

Question 30

A congenital disease may be caused by:

A) Heredity; adverse gene inheritance
B) Prenatal infections
C) Prenatal injury or toxicity
D) All of the above.

Question 31

An advantage of chorionic villus sampling over amniocentesis for the detection of genetic abnormalities in the fetus is that it:

A) Does not involve biopsy. It is done noninvasively.
B) May be completed earlier in the pregnancy.
C) Does not require assessment of Rh status of the mother.
D) Does not prevent women from engaging in a full-range of active activities, including athletic competition, immediately after the procedure.

Question 32

Implantation of the fertilized ovum may sometimes occur in the fallopian tubes, a condition known as:

A) Ectopic pregnancy
B) Miscarriage
C) Spontaneous abortion
D) Fetal tissue transplant

Question 33

The membrane that surrounds the developing embryo, and from which vascular projections grow toward the endometrium, to become the fetal portion of the placenta is called:

A) The amnion
B) The chorion
C) The trophoblast
D) The umbilical cord

Question 34

A hormone secreted by the placenta whose presence in urine and blood is used diagnostically to indicate pregnancy is called:

A) Thyroxine
B) Oxytocin
C) Chorionic gonadotropin
D) Epinephrine

Question 35

Molecules that diffuse between the maternal and fetal circulations include:

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Glucose
C) Oxygen
D) Maternal antibodies
E) All of the above

Question 36

A phytoestrogen is:

A) A counterirritant
B) A steroid compound derived from vegetable sources
C) A potent toxin derived from legumes
D) A female hormone extracted from musk ox ovaries

Question 37

Pregnant women should AVOID vaccination with which of the following vaccines?

A) Hepatitis B vaccine
B) Inactivated influenza virus
C) Tetanus-diphtheria
D) Meningococcal vaccine
E) None of the above

Question 38

A common cause of vaginal atrophy in women is:

A) Sexual intercourse
B) Sexually transmitted infection
C) Menarche
D) Menopause

Question 39

A proven advantage of hormone replacement therapy is:

A) It prevents heart disease in mature women
B) It prevents hot flashes and other symptoms that occur at menopause
C) It prevents breast cancer in women with a family history of that disease
D) It prevents endometrial cancers.

Question 40

Hormone replacement therapy should not be used by women:

A) Over the age of 65
B) Under the age of 65
C) Who smoke
D) Who have a history of osteoporosis

Question 41

Women who are pregnant occasionally develop kidney stones. For most patients with urinary stones, the best test to use to diagnose a urinary stone is a CT scan. What is the best test to use in pregnant women? Why?

A) Intravenous urography-because it outlines the inside of the kidney collecting system and the ureter.
B) Plain x-rays-because most stones appear on plain abdominal x-rays and more expensive tests are not needed.
C) Ultrasound-because it avoids exposing the developing fetus to radiation.

Question 42

The most common sexually transmitted disease in American women is:

A) Syphilis
B) Gonorrhea
C) Chlamydia infection
D) HIV/AIDS

Question 43

Your friend tells you that after menopause, she has begun to have a recurrence of vaginal bleeding. You ask her to get a checkup because of the risk she may have:

A) Ovarian cancer
B) Breast cancer
C) Endometrial cancer
D) A pituitary tumor

Question 44

Which of the following techniques is least likely to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted illnesses?

A) Abstinence
B) The use of condoms and a spermicide during sexual intercourse
C) The use of a cervical cap
D) The use of oral contraceptives

Question 45

Bone loss that occurs with aging is also known as:

A) Osteomyelitis
B) Osteomalacia
C) Osteoporosis
D) Osteoarthritis

Question 46

A very common vitamin/mineral deficiency in older women is:

A) Vitamin A deficiency
B) Vitamin C deficiency
C) Iron deficiency
D) Vitamin D deficiency

Question 47

Hemochromatosis, an autosomal dominant disease of iron storage that sometimes causes diabetes, cirrhosis of the liver, and heart failure, is rarely diagnosed in:

A) Postmenopausal women
B) Premenopausal women
C) Mature men
D) Families

Question 48

A 50-year-old woman feels a lump in one of her breasts during monthly self-examination. She gets a mammogram, which is read as being normal. What should she now do?

A) Get annual mammograms to make sure the lump stays benign
B) Get another mammogram in 6 months
C) Calculate her risk of breast cancer using standard protocols (The "Gail Score")
D) Ask her health care professional to consider further testing

Question 49

The greatest preventable risk to a woman's health is:

A) Smoking
B) High blood pressure
C) Inactivity/lack of exercise
D) Failure to get regular vaccinations (i.e., annual influenza vaccination;Pneumococcal vaccination, etc.)

Question 50

The developing fetus is most susceptible to alcohol, tobacco, drugs, and other hazardous exposures during the _____________ trimester of pregnancy.

A) First
B) Second
C) Third

Question 51

A commonly used measurement of the effectiveness of contraception is the Pearl index. A Pearl index of 10 means that if 100 women are treated with a contraceptive for 1 year, 10 of them will become pregnant. Which of the following is the Pearl index that indicates that a method of contraception never fails to prevent pregnancy?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 100

Question 52

Some rapes and sexual assaults can be prevented. Which of the following is NOT a useful means of deterring a violent attack?

A) Remaining quiet and compliant with a rapist's demands
B) Avoiding the use of automated teller machines at night
C) Avoiding the use of alcoholic beverages
D) Keeping car doors locked and windows shut while driving

Question 53

A form of harassment in which one person repeatedly calls, follows, or writes another even though these attempts at contact are disruptive, unwanted, or felt to be menacing is known as:

A) Pathological lying
B) Verbal abuse
C) Stalking
D) Intimate partner violence

Question 54

Folic acid supplements should be taken by all women of childbearing age in order to decrease the risk of:

A) Anemia in pregnancy
B) Preeclampsia
C) Neural tube defects in the fetus
D) Postpartum depression

Question 55

The life expectancy at birth is _________ for women than men.

A) Shorter
B) Longer

Question 56

Women are more likely than men to suffer all the following diseases and conditions, except:

A) Alcoholism
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Breast cancer
D) Depression
E) Systemic lupus erythematosis
F)Thyroiditis

Question 57

The process of cell division that results in gametogenesis (that is, the production of eggs and sperm) is called:

A) Telophase
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Transcription

Question 58

Neisseria gonorrhea and Neisseria meningitidis both:

A) Can cause urinary tract infection
B) Are commonly transmitted from person to person by injection with previously used needles and syringes
C) Are gram-positive bacilli
D) Are gram-negative cocci

Question 59

A 22-year-old commercial sex worker comes to a neighborhood clinic with high fever, pelvic pain, and vaginal discharge. She is suspected of having a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Which of the following is not a cause of STI?

A) Candida albicans
B) Lymphogranuloma venereum
C) Trichomonas vaginalis
D) HIV

Question 60

Which of the following statements about oral contraceptive drugs is FALSE?

A) They may predispose smokers to an increased risk of blood clotting
B) They prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted illnesses
C) They may increase a woman's likelihood of migraine headaches
D) They decrease the likelihood of pregnancy in sexually active individuals

Question 61

Vaccination against human papillomavirus protects patients against:

A) Cervical cancer
B) Burkitt's lymphoma
C) Melanoma
D) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 62

Cancer of the uterine cervix, the second most common cancer in women worldwide, is caused by an oncogene carried by which of the following organisms?

A) Haemophilus influenza
B) Influenza virus
C) Human papillomavirus
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 63

Maternal consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol is recommended. A little alcohol may help alleviate maternal anxiety about pregnancy, lower blood pressure, and improve the overall health of a developing fetus. This statement is:

A) True
B) False
C) Heinous
D) Preposterous

Question 64

Characteristic findings of pregnancy-induced hypertension include:

A) A diastolic blood pressure elevation of 15 mm Hg above normal
B) Edema of the lower extremities
C) Proteinura
D) Seizures

Question 65

Infectious diseases that adversely impact the developing fetus are known by the acronym TORCH. What are the organisms represented by this acronym?