Deck 23: Chronic Kidney Disease

Question 1

Which portion of the kidney is responsible for concentrating urine:

A) Descending portion of the loop of Henle
B) Ascending portion of the loop of Henle
C) Distal tubule
D) Medulla

Answer 1

Descending portion of the loop of Henle

Question 2

What is the action of erythropoietin?

A) It produces glucose.
B) It breaks down insulin.
C) It produces red blood cells.
D) It breaks down white blood cells.

Answer 2

It produces red blood cells.

Question 3

Which is not part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) response to low blood pressure?

A) Renin is produced by kidney cells found in the distal convoluted tubule.
B) Renin stimulates angiotensinogen conversion to angiotensin I.
C) Angiotensin I causes increased secretion of aldosterone.
D) Aldosterone decreases reabsorption of sodium and water.

Answer 3

Aldosterone decreases reabsorption of sodium and water.

Question 4

Which is a localized cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hypertension
C) Renal stones
D) Systemic infections

Question 5

How do the sodium levels in an individual with early chronic kidney disease (CKD) compare to those of a healthy individual?

A) They are lower.
B) They are higher.
C) They are about the same.
D) More information is needed to answer the question.

Question 6

The kidney can be palpated by

A) Placing one hand over the area of the 8th to 10th ribs, while placing the other hand over the costovertebral angle
B) Placing one hand over the area of the 10th to 12th ribs, while placing the other hand over the costovertebral angle
C) Placing one hand on the lower quadrant of the patient's abdomen, while moving up lateral to the rectus muscle
D) Placing one hand on the upper quadrant of the patient's abdomen, while moving down lateral to the rectus muscle

Question 7

What is the measurement of kidney function that is dependent on perfusion pressure within the glomerular capillaries?

A) Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)
B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
C) Creatinine clearance
D) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 8

Stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by which of the following?

A) Mild kidney damage 90 mL/minute that may be asymptomatic
B) Mild kidney damage with GFR of 15-29 mL/minute
C) Moderate kidney damage with GFR of 60- 89 mL/minute
D) Moderate kidney damage with GFR of 30-59 mL/minute

Question 9

Dietary restrictions for individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) should include limited consumption of all of the following except

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Protein

Question 10

The nurse practitioner instructs a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to measure and record their weight daily. Which statement by the patient requires correction?

A) "I should wear approximately the same weight of clothing."
B) "I should weigh myself in the morning."
C) "I should weigh myself before I void."
D) "I should weigh myself on the same scale."

Question 11

Which statement regarding dialysis is accurate?

A) Hemodialysis must be performed daily.
B) There are fewer dietary restrictions with peritoneal dialysis.
C) Hemodialysis carries a higher risk for infection and hyperglycemia.
D) Peritoneal dialysis is more efficient than hemodialysis.

Question 12

Metabolic changes associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) include all of the following except

A) Dyslipidemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypoalbuminemia
D) Metabolic alkalosis

Question 13

Which kidney function test values would be considered normal for an older adult male?

A) BUN 21 mg/dL; creatinine clearance 90 mL/min; eGFR 55 mL/min
B) BUN 15 mg/dL; creatinine clearance 140 mL/min, eGFR 60 mL/min
C) BUN 9 mg/dL; creatinine clearance 120 mL/min; eGFR 100 mL/min
D) BUN 20 mg/dL; creatinine clearance 100 mL/min; eGFR 130 mL/min

Question 14

Which instruction should the nurse practitioner include when prescribing calcium carbonate to a patient?

A) "Take this medication before bed."
B) "This medication may cause a metallic taste and dry mouth."
C) "Avoid taking this medication with digoxin."
D) "Avoid taking this medication with eggs, coffee, tea, or milk."

Question 15

When reviewing Case Study 5 (Geriatric): Osteoporosis, the FRAX WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool provides a score that measures an individual's risk of fracture within the next 10 years. Which factors are used to calculate the risk?

A) Age, weight, and history information
B) Age, height, weight, and history information
C) Age, gender, and weight
D) Age, gender, weight, and history information