Deck 39: Drugs Used to Treat Pediatric Patients

Question 1

Drug absorption in infants and children is:

A) much faster than in adults
B) different from the way it occurs in adults
C) similar to the way it occurs in adults
D) much slower than in adults

Answer 1

similar to the way it occurs in adults

Question 2

The circulation in the body's extremities is known as:

A) dorsal blood circulation
B) proximal blood circulation
C) peripheral blood circulation
D) distal blood circulation

Answer 2

peripheral blood circulation

Question 3

The rhythmic movement of the intestines is known as:

A) undulation
B) excretion
C) digestion
D) peristalsis

Answer 3

peristalsis

Question 4

During the neonatal period, the rate of gastric emptying is:

A) extremely slow
B) extremely rapid
C) constant
D) variable

Question 5

Inadvertent poisoning may result if chemical agents are applied to the skin of a(n):

A) elderly person
B) adult
C) premature infant
D) adolescent

Question 6

In neonates, extracellular water makes up:

A) 10% of body weight
B) 20% of body weight
C) 40% of body weight
D) 60% of body weight

Question 7

Drugs that may exhibit lowered protein binding in neonates include all the following except:

A) diazepam
B) amoxicillin
C) phenobarbital
D) phenytoin

Question 8

A serious form of jaundice in newborns is known as:

A) bilirubinemia
B) hepatitis
C) serum toxicity
D) kernicterus

Question 9

A major problem concerning drug metabolism in children of all ages is the lack of:

A) willing test patients
B) FDA requirements for pediatric studies
C) metabolism in patients younger than 5 years old
D) testing facilities

Question 10

Full-term gestation is approximately 40 weeks, but prematurely born neonates are surviving with gestations as short as:

A) 24 weeks
B) 28 weeks
C) 32 weeks
D) 36 weeks

Question 11

Adult glomerular filtration rates are reached by the time a baby is:

A) 2 to 3 months old
B) 4 to 5 months old
C) 6 to 12 months old
D) 20 to 24 months old

Question 12

Popular forms of drugs for pediatric administration include:

A) elixirs and suspensions
B) injections and patches
C) inhalation and sublingual drugs
D) eye drops and troches

Question 13

Alcoholic solutions that offer consistent dissolving and drug distribution are known as:

A) troches
B) patches
C) elixirs
D) ointments

Question 14

Oral liquid medications that must be shaken to evenly distribute undissolved drug particles are known as:

A) lotions
B) salves
C) suspensions
D) ointments

Question 15

A good rule for avoiding "decimal point errors" is to always use a zero to:

A) add to the denominator to increase to a power of 10
B) add to the numerator before dividing
C) the right of a decimal point (when dealing with doses that are greater than 1)
D) the left of a decimal point (when dealing with doses that are less than 1)

Question 16

Drugs that pose particular difficulties when used in neonates include digoxin, indomethacin, the methylxanthines, and:

A) antiemetics
B) antipyretics
C) antibiotics
D) antitussives

Question 17

If a drug is safe for a mother to take before breastfeeding, she should take it:

A) 10 to 20 minutes before breastfeeding
B) 1 to 2 hours before breastfeeding
C) 30 to 60 minutes before breastfeeding
D) 3 to 4 hours before breastfeeding

Question 18

Drugs that may stain the incoming teeth of an infant are the:

A) barbiturates
B) pyridoxines
C) methylxanthines
D) tetracyclines

Question 19

Radioactive substances taken by a breastfeeding mother can cause in their infants which of the following?

A) Hypotension
B) Autonomic nervous system or depression
C) Dependence
D) Thyroid cancer

Question 20

Pediatric doses are usually stated as:

A) milligrams per kilogram
B) micrograms per milligram
C) grams per liter
D) milligrams per milliliter

Question 21

Which of the following are NOT especially dangerous to newborns or infants?

A) Cardiac glycosides
B) Antitussives
C) Aminoglycoside antibiotics
D) Anticonvulsants

Question 22

In children, physiologic conditions that can reduce the rate of blood flow to the site of drug administration include all the following except:

A) vasoconstriction
B) vasodilation
C) heart failure
D) cardiovascular shock

Question 23

The amount of body fat in neonates is about:

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 35%

Question 24

Pediatric drug dosages may be based on all the following except:

A) age
B) body surface area
C) body weight
D) sex

Question 25

The trade name for phenytoin is:

A) Laniazid
B) Indameth
C) Dilantin
D) Lanoxin

Question 26

Pyridoxine supplements are sold under the trade name:

A) Phisohex
B) Beesix
C) Dolophine
D) Avinza

Question 27

In the first two days of life, most neonates experience:

A) fever
B) diuretics
C) jaundice
D) diuresis

Question 28

Most drugs taken by lactating women:

A) cause diarrhea in their infant
B) show up in their breast milk
C) cause toxicity in their infant
D) do not show up in their breast milk

Question 29

A drug that enters the breast milk in concentrations equal to those in maternal serum is:

A) lobelia
B) methadone
C) lithium
D) alcohol

Question 30

Which of the following may cause more infant deaths?

A) Baby formula
B) Saline solution
C) Mother's milk
D) Water