Deck 12: Nutritional Aspects of Pharmacology

Question 1

The process by which the body takes in and uses food and other sources of nutrients for growth and tissue repair is:

A) absorption
B) catabolism
C) nutrition
D) hemostasis

Answer 1

nutrition

Question 2

The seven basic food components that provide nutrients to the human body are proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water, and:

A) acids
B) fiber
C) milk
D) soy

Answer 2

fiber

Question 3

Nutrients that cannot be synthesized by the body, which are required for normal functioning, are known as:

A) essential nutrients
B) vital nutrients
C) component nutrients
D) nonessential nutrients

Answer 3

essential nutrients

Question 4

Dietary minerals needed by the body in high quantities are known as:

A) microminerals
B) electrolytes
C) macrominerals
D) macronutrients

Question 5

Of the 20 amino acids found in proteins, how many are essential amino acids?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9

Question 6

Essential fatty acids must be provided by the diet and include linoleic and linolenic acids, which are found in:

A) dairy products
B) animal muscles
C) prostaglandins
D) vegetable oils

Question 7

There are two basic types of carbohydrates: complex carbohydrates and:

A) fiber
B) simple sugars
C) fatty acids
D) starch

Question 8

A small amount of glucose is stored in the liver and muscles as starch, which is also known as:

A) adipose
B) fructose
C) glycogen
D) sucrose

Question 9

Any mixture of ingredients based on plant sources and designed for the improvement of health or treatment of certain conditions is known as which of the following?

A) Macromineral
B) Micromineral
C) Herbal supplement
D) Vitamin

Question 10

Micronutrients are required in very small amounts by the human body and include vitamins and:

A) essential trace minerals
B) nonessential trace minerals
C) electrolytes
D) fiber

Question 11

Vitamins are organic substances needed in very small amounts that are soluble either in water or in:

A) saliva
B) fat
C) blood
D) stomach acid

Question 12

Water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and eight members of the:

A) vitamin A group
B) vitamin B group
C) vitamin D group
D) vitamin E group

Question 13

Herbal supplements are considered by the FDA to be which of the following?

A) Drug products
B) Traditional medical therapies
C) Synthetic drugs
D) Food products

Question 14

The main dietary sources of riboflavin (vitamin B) are liver, yeast products, and:

A) whole-grain cereals
B) fish
C) peanuts
D) dairy products

Question 15

Nicotinamide is also known as:

A) pantothenic acid
B) cholesterol
C) niacin
D) quinidine

Question 16

Deficiency of nicotinamide causes:

A) arthritis
B) pellagra
C) constipation
D) coma

Question 17

A major source of folate is from:

A) milk
B) carrots
C) dark green leafy vegetables
D) beef liver

Question 18

A direct deficiency of folate causes:

A) pernicious anemia
B) beri-beri
C) aplastic anemia
D) megaloblastic anemia

Question 19

Cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) is found only in:

A) animal products
B) plant products
C) soy
D) milk

Question 20

Drug activity may be altered by interactions with which of the following?

A) Foods
B) Herbs
C) Foods, herbs, and other natural substances
D) Other drugs only

Question 21

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) acts as a(n):

A) CNS depressant
B) diuretic
C) antioxidant
D) enzyme

Question 22

Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are stored:

A) in clear containers
B) in the body
C) in plant products only
D) in the bone marrow only

Question 23

The major function of retinol (vitamin A) is in:

A) the retina of the eye
B) protecting from cancer
C) stopping hair loss
D) digestion

Question 24

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃) is NOT a true vitamin because:

A) it cannot be taken orally
B) it is made in our own bodies with the help of ultra-violet rays
C) it is not water- or fat-soluble
D) excess intake may cause toxicity

Question 25

In young infants, vitamin E (tocopherol) can prevent:

A) rheumatitis
B) hemolytic anemia
C) reproduction
D) bleeding

Question 26

Vitamin K plays an important role in:

A) combating depression
B) the retina of the eye
C) rheumatitis
D) blood clotting

Question 27

The major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, chlorine, and:

A) carotene
B) amino acid
C) sodium
D) sulfur

Question 28

The major electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is:

A) sodium
B) calcium
C) magnesium
D) phosphorus

Question 29

The major condition caused by iron deficiency is:

A) stroke
B) anemia
C) hemophilia
D) thrombosis

Question 30

A lack of iodine in the diet contributes to several deficiency diseases, such as congenital hypothyroidism and:

A) retarded sexual maturation
B) diabetes
C) goiter
D) gigantism