Deck 4: Drug Toxicity and Pharmacogenomics

Question 1

Side effects are generally predictable, and their intensity is:

A) dose dependent
B) based on the patient's age
C) based on preexisting conditions
D) based on gender

Answer 1

dose dependent

Question 2

Programmed cell death that allows cells to self-destruct is called:

A) necrosis
B) ascites
C) toxicosis
D) apoptosis

Answer 2

apoptosis

Question 3

Unknown mechanisms of action of an adverse effect of a drug are referred to as:

A) overdose
B) idiosyncratic
C) prophylaxis
D) polymorphism

Answer 3

idiosyncratic

Question 4

The FDA requires serious or unexpected events to be reported within how many days?

A) 3
B) 7
C) 15
D) 30

Question 5

Any components inside the body to which drugs bind are called:

A) drug targets
B) pathogens
C) genomes
D) autosomes

Question 6

The interferon lambda-3 enzyme is encoded by the IFNL3 gene, which is linked to which of the following infections?

A) meningitis
B) hepatitis A
C) hepatitis C
D) pancreatitis

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of anaphylactic shock?

A) paralysis of the diaphragm
B) hypertension
C) urticaria
D) swelling of the oropharynx

Question 8

Which of the following drugs are most commonly linked to physical dependence?

A) immunosuppressants
B) antibiotics
C) antihistamines
D) narcotics

Question 9

The generic name of "Lipitor" is:

A) niacin
B) atorvastatin
C) valproic acid
D) rifampin

Question 10

Anaphylaxis is an example of type ________ allergic drug reactions.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 11

Type II allergic drug reactions are described as:

A) immediate hypersensitivity
B) immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
C) antibody-dependent cytotoxic hypersensitivity
D) delayed-type hypersensitivity

Question 12

Epinephrine is frequently injected to combat anaphylactic shock, but must be administered:

A) after 8 hours
B) after 24 hours
C) within the intensive care unit only
D) soon after shock begins

Question 13

Before administering a drug, knowledge of a patient's ________ is essential.

A) allergies
B) Rh factor
C) blood type
D) family history

Question 14

When a drug to which a person has become physically dependent is discontinued, what will occur?

A) anaphylactic shock
B) toxicity
C) tolerance
D) abstinence syndrome

Question 15

How many adverse drug events occur annually in hospitals?

A) more than 770,000
B) more than 320,000
C) less than 120,000
D) less than 25,000

Question 16

An interaction between two drugs that causes an effect greater than that which would have been expected from the additive properties of the drugs involved is called:

A) physical dependence
B) polymorphism
C) potentiation
D) overdose

Question 17

A drug reaction that is noxious, unintended, and occurs at doses normally used in humans for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment of disease is known as:

A) an idiosyncratic drug reaction
B) an adverse drug reaction
C) a toxicity reaction
D) a hepatotoxic effect

Question 18

A drug's adverse effects are based on its:

A) margin of safety
B) manufacturing process
C) date of expiration
D) frequency of use

Question 19

Pharmacogenomics is focused on genes encoding metabolic enzymes that alter ________.

A) drug distribution
B) drug solubility
C) drug activity
D) adverse effects

Question 20

Which of the following is the fourth major drug-related cause of death, especially among elderly patients in the USA?

A) polymorphism
B) hypersensitivity
C) autoimmunity
D) adverse drug reaction

Question 21

Stevens-Johnson syndrome may cause severe damage of which organ?

A) liver
B) pancreas
C) brain
D) heart

Question 22

Any drug that causes harm to an embryo is called a(n):

A) carcinogen
B) interferon
C) teratogen
D) allergen

Question 23

Serum sickness is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 24

Which of the following drugs may cause "Red man syndrome"?

A) penicillin
B) vancomycin
C) bupropion
D) cefaclor

Question 25

Which of the following is most often linked to cumulative toxicity?

A) ethyl alcohol
B) methyldopa
C) aspirin
D) caffeine

Question 26

The combined action of two drugs that produce an effect greater than each of their unique effects is called:

A) cumulative
B) tolerance
C) polypharmacy
D) synergism

Question 27

An example of an herbal supplement that interacts with NSAIDs is:

A) cranberry
B) ginkgo biloba
C) chondroitin
D) saw palmetto

Question 28

The bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall is a drug target for certain ________ drugs.

A) antifungal
B) antiviral
C) antibacterial
D) antiprotozoal

Question 29

A chemical inside an organism that is NOT normally produced or even expected to be present is called:

A) xenobiotic
B) a peptidoglycan
C) aspartate aminotransferase
D) alanine aminotransferase

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT an example of an antifungal?

A) itraconazole
B) ketoconazole
C) terbinafine
D) simvastatin