Deck 3: Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Simple diffusion involves:

A) drugs crossing membranes against their gradient from areas of low concentration to high concentration
B) movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
C) a certain carrier protein
D) unevenly distributed electrical charges

Answer 1

movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

Question 2

Which of the following is false regarding plasma membranes?

A) They contain two layers of phospholipids.
B) They contain cholesterol, carbohydrates, and proteins.
C) Their phospholipids have a round head and one tail.
D) Cholesterol and phospholipids are essential.

Answer 2

Their phospholipids have a round head and one tail.

Question 3

An example of a polar molecule is the:

A) water molecule
B) hydrogen molecule
C) sugar molecule
D) alcohol molecule

Answer 3

water molecule

Question 4

The primary site of gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of a drug is the:

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine

Question 5

The speed of systemic availability depends on pharmaceutical factors and:

A) bloodstream absorption
B) gastrointestinal absorption
C) rate of excretion
D) cellular absorption

Question 6

Which of the following is false regarding the GI tract and drug absorption?

A) pH partitioning influences absorption.
B) The presence of food in the stomach or intestine influences absorption.
C) Protein solubility influences absorption.
D) Blood flow influences absorption.

Question 7

Many drugs are bound to circulating proteins; the most common of which is usually:

A) interferon
B) enzymes
C) glycoproteins
D) albumin

Question 8

During pregnancy, the placenta may transfer drugs that are:

A) ionized
B) lipid-soluble
C) water-soluble
D) metabolized

Question 9

Most drug metabolism occurs in the:

A) liver
B) kidneys
C) bloodstream
D) lungs

Question 10

An important mechanism that affects varying drug action and metabolism is the:

A) GI tract effect
B) intestinal effect
C) first-pass effect
D) toxic drug action

Question 11

The initial rate of distribution of a drug is heavily dependent on the ________ to various organs.

A) blood flow
B) hepatic portal circulation
C) oxygen distribution
D) reactions

Question 12

Which of the following carries blood directly to the liver?

A) A biochemical pathway
B) Renal portal circulation
C) Hepatic portal circulation
D) Lymphatic portal circulation

Question 13

Orally administered drugs are usually absorbed in the:

A) lower GI tract
B) esophagus
C) pharynx
D) upper GI tract

Question 14

The stomach has a(n) ________ environment.

A) basic
B) acidic
C) alkaline
D) physiochemical

Question 15

Most drug metabolism is also referred to as:

A) glucuronidation
B) oxidation
C) biotransformation
D) conjugation

Question 16

Which of the following medications temporarily bypasses the liver?

A) Vitamin D
B) Penicillin
C) Vitamin A
D) Nitroglycerin

Question 17

For which of the following drugs may toxicity occur when blood levels of potassium are lower than normal?

A) digoxin
B) cortisol
C) tetracycline
D) morphine

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the three categories of tolerance?

A) pharmacodynamic
B) hydrophilic
C) metabolic
D) tachyphylaxis

Question 19

Which of the following chemical substances in the blood normally cannot pass during glomerular filtration?

A) simple sugars
B) electrolytes
C) proteins
D) uric acids

Question 20

Manipulation of urinary pH results in decreased passive reabsorption and increased:

A) excretion
B) glomerular filtration
C) recirculation of urea
D) elimination of iron

Question 21

Certain drugs are poorly distributed to the CNS because they:

A) must be approved by the FDA
B) are fat soluble
C) pass through the blood-brain barrier
D) are hepatotoxic

Question 22

The lowest amount of blood flow in solid tumors occurs because:

A) they are infected
B) they have metastasized to other organs
C) they are benign
D) there is a limitation of blood supply

Question 23

Faster drug excretion via the kidneys occurs by converting:

A) lipid-soluble drugs into more water-soluble forms
B) water-soluble drugs into more lipid-soluble forms
C) the color of urine
D) urea to amino acids

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a stage of biotransformation?

A) hydrolysis
B) fluoridation
C) oxidation
D) conjugation

Question 25

End-products of a drug occur in the:

A) small intestine
B) pancreas
C) kidneys
D) liver

Question 26

Total clearance of a drug is directly affected by the:

A) dosage of the drug
B) amount of blood flow to the organs of elimination
C) age, sex, and race of the patient
D) drug plasma concentration

Question 27

Peak concentration of a drug is the:

A) plasma level at which toxic effects begin to occur
B) plasma drug levels below which therapeutic effects do not occur
C) highest level at which a drug is present in the body
D) minimum effective concentration and the toxic concentration

Question 28

A comparatively large dose given at the beginning of treatment to quickly obtain therapeutic effects is called a:

A) loading dose
B) maintenance dose
C) plateau
D) half-life

Question 29

When patients are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), they may eat:

A) beef liver
B) ripe cheese
C) fish
D) yeast products

Question 30

Which of the following defines the "half-life" of a drug?

A) the time taken for it to metabolize in the liver
B) the time taken for its concentration to increase from one-half to full, after the last dose
C) the time taken for it to be excreted by the kidneys
D) the time taken for its concentration to decrease from full to one-half, after the last dose