Deck 26: Drug Therapy for Pediatric Patients

Question 1

For many drugs, safe and effective use in children requires the addition of which of the following data?

A) pharmacodynamic
B) pharmacognosy
C) pharmacokinetic
D) A and C

Answer 1

A and C

Question 2

Children younger than 2 years of age should not be given which of the following drugs without a physician's approval?

A) penicillin
B) aspirin
C) any legend drugs
D) OTC drugs

Answer 2

OTC drugs

Question 3

Which of the following factors may influence oral drug absorption in neonates?

A) the pH of the blood
B) the pH of the stomach
C) the gender of the neonate
D) the weight of the neonate

Answer 3

the pH of the stomach

Question 4

Which of the following percentages of body water is accurate regarding premature neonates?

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 85%

Question 5

Which of the following agents may compete with serum bilirubin for binding to albumin and may cause kernicterus?

A) chloramphenicol
B) penicillin
C) sulfonamide
D) tetracycline

Question 6

Most biotransformation of drugs occurs in which of the following body organs?

A) kidneys
B) liver
C) small intestine
D) brain

Question 7

Hepatic enzyme activity is NOT mature until:

A) 1 to 2 weeks of age
B) 1 to 2 months of age
C) 1 to 2 years of age
D) 2 to 5 years of age

Question 8

A small percentage of children younger than 5 years of age may develop which of the following complications when they have a fever?

A) heart failure
B) kidney failure
C) seizure
D) encephalopathy

Question 9

Which of the following factors often account for apnea in newborns?

A) immaturity of the liver
B) immaturity of the brain
C) immaturity of the kidneys
D) all of the above

Question 10

Which of the following can be used to treat newborn apnea?

A) antihistamines
B) xanthine medications
C) oxygen therapy only
D) B and C

Question 11

Which of the following agents are last resorts to treat respiratory syncytial virus in infants?

A) corticosteroids
B) humidified oxygen
C) bronchodilators
D) intravenous nutrients

Question 12

When the amount of surfactant in the lungs is inadequate, which of the following will occur?

A) hypoxia
B) collapse of the alveoli
C) heart failure
D) A and B

Question 13

Which of the following drugs are the most effective in preventing respiratory distress syndrome when newborns are less than 34 weeks of gestational age?

A) cyclooxygenase inhibitors
B) corticosteroids
C) antihistamines
D) anticholinergics

Question 14

Which of the following vaccines in infants has resulted in a dramatic reduction in the incidence of epiglottitis?

A) pneumococcal vaccine
B) influenza type A or B vaccine
C) varicella vaccine
D) Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine

Question 15

The first-line antibiotic medication most often prescribed in treatment for otitis media is:

A) tetracycline
B) sulfonamide
C) penicillin
D) chloramphenicol

Question 16

Medical management to treat sickle cell anemia requires additional immunizations. Which of the following vaccines are included?

A) pneumococcal vaccine
B) Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine
C) influenza vaccine
D) A and C

Question 17

Which of the following agents may reduce cerebral edema that is caused by bacterial meningitis?

A) corticosteroids
B) opioid antagonists
C) nonsalicylates and nonsteroids
D) cyclooxygenase inhibitors

Question 18

Which of the following agents is given to pregnant HIV-infected women, which significantly reduces transmission from mother to child?

A) nystatin
B) amphotericin B
C) zidovudine
D) amantadine

Question 19

Yellow staining in some parts of the brain of an infant, associated with high levels of unconjugated bilirubin, is known as:

A) septicemia
B) kernicterus
C) bacteremia
D) bradykinesia

Question 20

Topical medications are absorbed more rapidly by which of the following patients?

A) elderly
B) adolescents
C) infants
D) adult females

Question 21

A viral infection that affects the larynx and the trachea in children is called ____________________.

Question 22

Pharmacokinetics focuses on how drugs ____________________ throughout the body.

Question 23

In newborns, gastric pH is more ____________________.

Question 24

During infancy, basic drugs are more easily absorbed from the ____________________, while acidic drugs are less well absorbed.

Question 25

Hepatic enzyme activity is not mature until ____________________ years of age.

Question 26

During infancy, reduced renal excretion causes longer drug ____________________ and increased possibility of ____________________ to drugs primarily excreted through the renal system.

Question 27

The way drugs affect the body and how they accomplish their effects is referred to as ____________________.

Question 28

The most widely used antipyretic in infants is ____________________.

Question 29

Children are susceptible to airway obstruction because the ____________________ of the subglottic area is narrow.

Question 30

Type I diabetes usually starts with polyphagia, weight loss, polydipsia, and ____________________.

Question 31

The time from birth to four weeks of age is called the __________ period.

Question 32

The pediatric period is from __________ to approximately age 18 years.

Question 33

Pharmacokinetics include absorption, distribution, __________, and excretion.

Question 34

Two factors that influence oral drug absorption are gastric __________ time and pH.

Question 35

Infants have more body __________ than adults.

Question 36

Body fat percentage peaks at about __________ months of age.

Question 37

Young children have __________ metabolic rates and metabolize drugs more rapidly.

Question 38

A small percentage of children younger than five years may develop a __________ when they have a fever.

Question 39

Apnea is seen in the neonatal age group, especially in __________ infants.

Question 40

Respiratory distress syndrome is also called __________ __________ disease.

Question 41

Match the following age groups with their infective causes of meningitis. One of the age groups has two correct answers.

-Escherichia coli

A) neonates
B) infants
C) young children

Question 42

Match the following age groups with their infective causes of meningitis. One of the age groups has two correct answers.

-Haemophilus influenzae type B

A) neonates
B) infants
C) young children

Question 43

Match the following age groups with their infective causes of meningitis. One of the age groups has two correct answers.

-Neisseria meningitidis

A) neonates
B) infants
C) young children

Question 44

Match the following age groups with their infective causes of meningitis. One of the age groups has two correct answers.

-Group B streptococci

A) neonates
B) infants
C) young children

Question 45

Match the generic name with the trade name.

-montelukast

A) Tilade
B) Flovent
C) Rhinocort
D) Prelone
E) Intal
F) Singulair

Question 46

Match the generic name with the trade name.

-prednisolone

A) Tilade
B) Flovent
C) Rhinocort
D) Prelone
E) Intal
F) Singulair

Question 47

Match the generic name with the trade name.

-cromolyn

A) Tilade
B) Flovent
C) Rhinocort
D) Prelone
E) Intal
F) Singulair

Question 48

Match the generic name with the trade name.

-nedocromil

A) Tilade
B) Flovent
C) Rhinocort
D) Prelone
E) Intal
F) Singulair

Question 49

Match the generic name with the trade name.

-fluticasone

A) Tilade
B) Flovent
C) Rhinocort
D) Prelone
E) Intal
F) Singulair

Question 50

Match the generic name with the trade name.

-budesonide

A) Tilade
B) Flovent
C) Rhinocort
D) Prelone
E) Intal
F) Singulair