Deck 3: Economic Renewal and Wars of Religion, 1560-1648

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Europeans were the first to make long distance ocean voyages.
B) Columbus was the first European to reach North America.
C) Arabs had crossed the Indian Ocean long before Columbus voyaged to the New World.
D) the north Atlantic presented fewer hazards than the Indian or Pacific Oceans.

Answer 1

Arabs had crossed the Indian Ocean long before Columbus voyaged to the New World.

Question 2

When Columbus struck land in 1492, he thought he had found

A) an outlying part of the Indies.
B) China.
C) Africa.
D) a new continent.

Answer 2

an outlying part of the Indies.

Question 3

By 1560, the Spanish and Portuguese had imported more than 100,000 African slaves to their American empires because

A) the church attempted to protect Indian converts.
B) royal authorities restricted the exploitation of natives.
C) conquest and disease had depopulated their empires of native labor.
D) A and B

Answer 3

A and B

Question 4

The first person to circumnavigate the globe was

A) the church attempted to protect Indian converts.
B) Vasco da Gama leading a Portuguese expedition.
C) Magellan leading a Spanish expedition.
D) Sir Francis Drake leading an English expedition.

Question 5

A 1494 treaty divided control of the globe outside of Europe between which two countries?

A) England and France
B) Spain and France
C) Spain and Portugal
D) Spain and England

Question 6

With the discovery of the silver deposits at Potosí in Spanish Peru,

A) Spain's economy prospered, and underwent an early version of the industrial revolution.
B) the standard of living of inhabitants of Spanish Peru soared.
C) the king of Spain was able to finance his anti-Protestant campaigns during the Counter Reformation.
D) all of the choices are correct

Question 7

In the Middle Ages, the term "capital," as in the "capital" owned by the master of a workshop, referred _to

A) the master's money.
B) the master's house workbench, tools, and materials.
C) A and B
D) none of the choices are correct.

Question 8

In the sixteenth century, the mass of the population in every European country was made up of

A) the working poor.
B) the unemployed.
C) paupers.
D) vagabonds.

Question 9

The term "bourgeoisie" refers to

A) people living in chartered towns or boroughs with certain rights.
B) the owners of capital.
C) the middle levels of society between the aristocracy and the laboring poor.
D) all of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following did not motivate the foreign policy of Philip II of Spain?

A) Philip's fanatical Catholicism
B) Philip's desire to build up Spanish agriculture and industry
C) the need to hold back the Turkish advance
D) Philip's wish to subjugate the Netherlands

Question 11

For England, the primary result of the sixteenth century wars with Spain was that

A) it became Europe's strongest power.
B) the wars assured English national independence and promoted a national spirit.
C) forced England to tolerate a Catholic minority.
D) bankrupted the English treasury, forcing Elizabeth to become dependent upon parliament.

Question 12

The politiques were men who believed that

A) religion should play a large role in political life.
B) the government should adopt Protestantism.
C) civil order was France's first priority.
D) France needed some form of a written constitution.

Question 13

The Edict of Nantes issued by the French king Henry IV gave

A) Protestants complete civil and religious equality with Catholics.
B) Protestants the same civil rights as Catholics, but limited their religious rights.
C) all religious groups, including Jews and Muslims, equal rights.
D) established Roman Catholicism as the state religion.

Question 14

The Thirty Years' War began in

A) Bohemia.
B) Transylvania.
C) Bavaria.
D) Burgundy.

Question 15

The Peace of Westphalia

A) ended the Counter Reformation in Germany.
B) strengthened the Holy Roman Empire.
C) represented a complete victory for the Catholic church.
D) eliminated Calvinism in northern Europe.

Question 16

How, after decades of civil war, were prosperity and stability restored to France between 1590 and 1640?

Question 17

What led to the decline of Germany relative to the states of western Europe before 1650?

Question 18

How important were nationalist feelings as compared to religious and feudal loyalties in the Thirty Years' War and the revolt of the Netherlands?

Question 19

Discuss Spain's "Golden Age" with respect to politics, economics, and culture. What factors contributed to Spain's greatness? What caused its decline?

Question 20

In what ways did the period stretching from 1560 to 1648 mark Europe's transition from feudalism to the modern age? Consider changes in social structures in your response.

Question 21

How did the opening of the Atlantic and explorations in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries stimulate the commercial revolution?

Question 22

Why and how did the Portuguese establish a trading empire before the other European powers?

Question 23

How did commerce and production change in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Question 24

What were the policies and goals of mercantilism? How did those policies and goals relate to European expansion overseas?

Question 25

How did education change in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Question 26

What was the impact of English involvement in the Netherlands revolution?

Question 27

What position did the politiques take in the religious wars of France? Whose interests did they usually advance?

Question 28

What technological advancements allowed Europeans to explore much of the globe?

Question 29

What did Europeans gain through their explorations?

Question 30

In 1648, to what degree did the political boundaries of the Low Countries coincide with differences of language and religion?

Question 31

How did the Peace of Westphalia halt German unification and curb the imperial aspirations of the Austrian Habsburgs?

Question 32

How does this map demonstrate the emergence of the modern system of sovereign states? What were the implications of that system for European politics?