Deck 14: European Civilization, 1871-1914: Economy and Politics

Question 1

All continents except Africa gained in population in the three centuries following 1650. Which grew the most?

A) North America
B) Europe
C) Asia
D) South America

Answer 1

Europe

Question 2

Beginning in the eighteenth century, the birth rate in France declined for all of the following reasons _except

A) the French Revolution legalized abortion.
B) the desire of parents to maintain their children's economic and social position.
C) the Napoleonic Code's requirement that inheritances be divided among all sons and daughters.
D) the upper classes practiced contraception.

Answer 2

the French Revolution legalized abortion.

Question 3

The rapid rise in European population after 1650 was probably due to all of the following except

A) falling death rates.
B) increasing birth rates.
C) the improvement of agricultural output.
D) the abatement of certain epidemic diseases, such as bubonic plague and smallpox.

Answer 3

increasing birth rates.

Question 4

By 1914, the "Europe of steam," i.e., the most industrialized and developed section of Europe, included all of the following except

A) Barcelona.
B) northern Italy.
C) Ireland.
D) Austria.

Question 5

By 1914, all of the following cities had a million people except

A) Berlin.
B) Vienna.
C) St. Petersburg.
D) Rome.

Question 6

By 1914, the world's largest steel producers were

A) Britain, France, and Germany.
B) Britain, Germany, and Czechoslovakia.
C) the United States, Germany, and Britain.
D) the United States, Germany, and France.

Question 7

The Paris Commune of 1871 was

A) a short-lived but important experiment in cooperative living.
B) a new group of French leaders who took control after the fall of the Second Empire.
C) a violent episode of social revolutions.
D) the section of Paris around Montmartre which came to denote a group of innovative artists.

Question 8

Which of the following had a republican (non-monarchical) form of government in 1900?

A) Britain.
B) France.
C) Italy.
D) Germany.

Question 9

Prime Minister Gladstone's solution for the Irish question, Home Rule, entailed

A) tariff barriers for the protection of Irish agriculture.
B) granting the Irish the right to bear arms.
C) an Irish parliament and Irish self-government within the British empire.
D) the division of Ireland between a Catholic south and a Protestant north.

Question 10

After 1870, Italian political life was characterized by all of the following except

A) unstable majorities in parliament.
B) refusal of many Catholics to participate in elections.
C) at least until 1913, limited voting rights.
D) the settlement of the quarrel with the pope over the seizure of papal territories in 1860 and 1870.

Question 11

In Austria-Hungary, the most serious problem remained

A) the limits of parliamentary power.
B) the increasing power of socialist groups.
C) the repression of socialism.
D) agitation by various subject nationalities.

Question 12

How did Europe's population change in the nineteenth century? How large was Europe's population in relation to that of the rest of the world during this period? What shift occurred in France's population relative to the populations of other great European states?

Question 13

Describe the great European migration of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Why did emigrants leave Europe? Where did they go?

Question 14

How was a world market created in the nineteenth century? Discuss innovations in finance, industry, and trade.

Question 15

Describe developments in the European economy at the end of the nineteenth century, examining in particular the "new Industrial Revolution" and the so-called "Great Depression" of 1873 through the 1890s. During this time, what were the positions of Britain and Germany in the European and global economy?

Question 16

Focusing on the years 1870 to 1914, what gave the French Third Republic the strength to survive despite a number of severe crises?

Question 17

How and why did labor emerge as an independent political force in Britain?

Question 18

Discuss Bismarck's administration of the German Empire from 1871 to 1890. What were his goals?

Question 19

What was the European family pattern? What was the impact of that pattern on the lives of women?

Question 20

In the nineteenth century, where was capital accumulated? To which parts of the globe was it exported?

Question 21

Why was the limited liability corporation considered an important economic advance during the nineteenth century?

Question 22

How did Gladstone approach the Irish question?

Question 23

How did democracy advance in Europe during the nineteenth century?

Question 24

Why did so many Europeans immigrate in the period between 1850 and 1940?

Question 25

Where did Europeans build up "European" societies elsewhere in the world?

Question 26

Where did the British, French, and Germans invest their capital overseas? How did European investments contribute to the creation of a world market?

Question 27

What did Europeans gain from investing abroad? Consider political and economic factors in your answer.