Deck 17: Adult Nutrition: Conditions and Interventions

Question 1

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease that can develop from:

A)chronic inflammation and infection.
B)high blood homocysteine.
C)formation of fibrous plaques inside the artery wall.
D)central adiposity.
E)All of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following would NOT be considered a nutritional risk that should be minimized in order to prevent cancer?

A)Consuming primarily energy-dense foods and sugary drinks
B)Consuming alcohol
C)Eating bacon for breakfast and a hamburger for lunch daily
D)Eating high-fat nuts and nut butters daily
E)All of the above are nutritional risk factors.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)high triglycerides.
B)low low-density lipoprotein levels (LDL).
C)high blood pressure.
D)low high-density lipoprotein levels (HDL).
E)cigarette smoking.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Diseases that develop during the adult years partially result from:

A)diets high in fruits and vegetables.
B)diets low in salt and sugar.
C)diets high in fiber.
D)diets high in saturated fats.
E)All of the above

Question 5

Metabolic syndrome is present in nearly _____ of people with normal body weight.

A)15%
B)30%
C)10%
D)60%
E)25%

Question 6

Obesity can be defined as:

A)weight greater than 190 pounds.
B)a fat,unfit appearance.
C)a waist circumference of 28 inches in women.
D)a BMI of 23.
E)an excess accumulation of adipose tissue.

Question 7

The American Heart Association (AHA)has released specific recommendations for health care professionals,schools,restaurants,and the food industry.Which of the following would NOT be one of these recommendations?

A)Serve appropriate portion sizes.
B)Reduce salt and sugar content of foods.
C)Offer daily physical activity.
D)Display calorie content of foods prominently.
E)Increase the availability of refined-grains snacks.

Question 8

A diet high in fiber is recommended to help prevent heart disease,with _____ grams/day coming from viscous fiber.

A)5-10
B)10-20
C)20-25
D)25-30
E)>30

Question 9

Which of the following correctly describes Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes dietary recommendations?

A)<30% of energy from fat,8-10% of total fat from saturated fatty acids,and not more than 300 mg cholesterol per day
B)<30% of energy from fat,<7% of total fat from saturated fatty acids,and not more than 200 mg cholesterol per day
C)25-35% of energy from fat,8-10% of total fat from saturated fatty acids,and not more than 300 mg cholesterol per day
D)25-35% of energy from fat,<7% of total fat from saturated fatty acids,and <200 mg cholesterol per day
E)None of the above

Question 10

The majority of cancers develop in:

A)epithelial tissue.
B)lymph nodes.
C)adipocytes.
D)bones and bone marrow.
E)connective tissue.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 nutrition-related diseases that are the highest contributors to premature death?

A)Cancer
B)Cardiovascular diseases
C)HIV/AIDS
D)Diabetes mellitus

Question 12

Cancer prevention depends on minimizing nutritional risks.Which of the following would NOT be considered a risk-minimizing behavior?

A)Maintaining or reaching a healthy weight
B)Consuming >3 oz.of alcohol on a regular basis
C)Limiting intakes of processed meat and red meat
D)Eating five or more cups of fruits and vegetables daily
E)Limiting sedentary behavior

Question 13

The leading cause of death for men and women in the U.S.is:

A)lung cancer.
B)kidney failure.
C)coronary heart disease.
D)stroke.
E)diabetes mellitus.

Question 14

Overweight in adults is defined by a BMI of:

A)25.0 to 29.9.
B)18.5 to 24.9.
C)< 18.5.
D)> 30.0 to 34.9.

Question 15

The areas of the body affected by cardiovascular diseases include the:

A)heart.
B)brain.
C)blood vessels.
D)All of the above
E)a and c only

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for coronary heart disease?

A)HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL
B)Age 55 and older in women
C)Excess hip or thigh fat
D)Consumption of few whole-grain products
E)Diabetes

Question 17

A high-intensity dietary approach for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease called Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes includes all the following recommendations EXCEPT:

A)50-60% of total calories from carbohydrates.
B)trans fat intake of less than 1% of calories.
C)less than 7% of total calories from saturated fat.
D)avoiding eggs and all dairy foods.
E)up to 20% of calories from monounsaturated fats.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is NOT a nutrition or physical activity recommendation for cancer prevention?

A)Maintain a healthy weight throughout life.
B)Limit intake of processed and red meats.
C)Choose refined grains over whole grains whenever you can.
D)Adopt a physically active lifestyle.

Question 19

Viscous fiber is found in which of the following foods?

A)Okra
B)Oatmeal
C)Apples
D)Mangoes
E)All of the above

Question 20

Atherosclerosis can be defined as: _____.

A)a buildup of plaque causing hardening and narrowing of arteries leading from the heart
B)a buildup of plaque causing thickening and narrowing of veins returning to the heart
C)a buildup of plaque causing thickening and narrowing of arteries from the heart to the brain
D)a buildup of plaque causing thickening and narrowing of veins from the brain to the heart
E)a and c

Question 21

Molly is 5' 2" and weighs 170 pounds.What is her BMI?

A)24
B)31
C)36
D)41
E)44

Question 22

A loss of _____ of body weight can reduce or prevent the risks associated with obesity.

A)5 to 10%
B)10 to 15%
C)15 to 20%
D)20 to 30%

Question 23

Fifteen grams of carbohydrate could be obtained from which of the following?

A)3 cups raw broccoli
B)1 small piece of fruit,such as an apple
C)1 slice bread
D) cup corn
E)All of the above

Question 24

Diabetes is diagnosed when fasting blood sugar is higher than _____.

A)90 mg/dL
B)100 mg/dL
C)125 mg/dL
D)140 mg/dL
E)150 mg/dL

Question 25

What is important for Molly to know about keeping weight off?

A)Changing old behaviors is important.
B)Consistent exercise helps to prevent weight gain.
C)Keeping track of food intake and controlling calorie intake have been shown to be beneficial.
D)Eating a regular breakfast can help control weight gain.
E)All of the above

Question 26

Having a BMI _____ means a person is obese.

A)>25
B)>27
C)>27 for men and > 29 for women
D)>30

Question 27

Calculate the BMI of a 50-year-old man who is 5' 11" tall and weighs 200 lb.

A)18.8
B)23.5
C)27.9
D)31.2

Question 28

If you are counting carbohydrates in your diet plan,it is important to know that ½ cup of fresh fruit or 4 ounces of orange or apple juice is equal to _____ grams of carbohydrate.

A)5
B)12
C)15
D)20
E)25

Question 29

BMI approximates body fat for most healthy individuals;however,BMI measures don't accurately represent body fatness for which of the following?

A)Athletes with a large percentage of muscle
B)Individuals with little muscle mass
C)Individuals with large,dense bones
D)Dehydrated individuals
E)All of the above

Question 30

How long will it take for Molly to reach 126 pounds (a BMI of 23),assuming a caloric deficit of 3500 Calories per week?

A)11 weeks
B)11 months
C)22 weeks
D)22 months
E)None of the above

Question 31

To be eligible for weight-loss surgery,patients who are not at high risk for obesity-related morbidity or mortality must have a BMI of _____.

A)18.5
B)24.9-29.9
C)30-34.9
D)>35
E)≥40

Question 32

All of the following are characteristic of weight-management programs based on cognitive behavioral therapy EXCEPT _____.

A)they include regular exercise
B)they offer realistic weight loss goals
C)they offer problem-solving solutions to dietary practices that can be followed over a lifetime
D)they cost a lot of money and are usually not offered to low-income families

Question 33

High nutrient demand in HIV infection leads to:

A)anemia.
B)antioxidant depletion.
C)protein-energy malnutrition.
D)All of the above
E)b and c only

Question 34

How would you classify Molly's weight from question #35 based on the NIH classification?

A)Underweight
B)Normal weight
C)Overweight
D)Obese
E)Severely obese

Question 35

A body mass index (BMI)>30 is roughly equivalent to being _____ pounds or more overweight for a 5'4" person.

A)15
B)30
C)45
D)75
E)100

Question 36

If a female ate 100 extra Calories per day in excess of her needs,approximately how many days would it take to gain one pound,if energy expenditure remained constant?

A)14 days
B)1 month (30 days)
C)1 month + 1 week (35 days)
D)1 month + 2 weeks (42 days)

Question 37

Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of which of the following conditions?

A)Sleep apnea
B)Gallbladder disease
C)Type 2 diabetes
D)Osteoarthritis
E)All of the above

Question 38

The man in question #23 would be considered _____ based on his BMI.

A)underweight
B)normal weight
C)overweight
D)obese
E)extremely obese

Question 39

For a moderately overweight female,a realistic weight loss goal is to lose 0.5 to 1.0 lb/week.What is the daily Calorie deficit necessary to lose 0.5 lb/week?

A)150
B)200
C)250
D)300

Question 40

Metabolic syndrome is related to a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include:

A)low fasting blood glucose levels.
B)abdominal obesity.
C)low LDL levels.
D)high levels of HDL cholesterol.
E)All of the above

Question 41

CHD is the number one cause of death for men and women in the U.S.

Question 42

Over one third of adults in the United States are classified as obese.

Question 43

Evaluate the following measurement of a 40-year-old adult female: waist = 34 inches.This measurement places her at a greater disease risk.

Question 44

Plant stanols and sterols help control blood pressure.

Question 45

Use the following information for questions.
Mr.Jones
Sex: Male   Hours of work: 55+/wk
Age: 61   Occupation: Computer programmer
Household members: wife,65 years old
Family Hx: coronary artery disease in father,had MI age 59
Smoker: yes,40 years,1 pack/day
Ht = 70" Wt = 190 lbs
Waist circumference: 43 inches
Cholesterol: 220 mg/dL;HDL-C 30 mg/dL;LDL-C 160 mg/dL;VLDL 45 mg/dL;TG 150 mg/dL
Blood pressure: 140/85
Diet history of Mr.Jones shows that he eats the following foods:
Dairy products such as milk,cheese,and ice cream regularly.He consumes a variety of protein-rich foods including fish,shellfish,beef,poultry,and eggs;and large quantities of rice and potatoes;and he and his wife also frequently eat breads,crackers,and potato chips.Mr.Jones consumes a large variety of vegetables including eggplant,broccoli,mushrooms,onions,and tomatoes,although many of these are deep fried or cooked in butter.

-What dietary suggestions could you make to him to help decrease his risk factors?

A)Decrease consumption of high-fat dairy products
B)Increase whole grain intake
C)Increase dietary fiber intake
D)Choose lean cuts of meat and poultry
E)All of the above

Question 46

Which of the following persons would NOT be on a team providing diabetes care?

A)Registered dietitian
B)Physician
C)Registered nurse
D)Pharmacist
E)Speech therapist

Question 47

Body mass index calculations account for gender differences.

Question 48

Use the following information for questions.
Mr.Jones
Sex: Male   Hours of work: 55+/wk
Age: 61   Occupation: Computer programmer
Household members: wife,65 years old
Family Hx: coronary artery disease in father,had MI age 59
Smoker: yes,40 years,1 pack/day
Ht = 70" Wt = 190 lbs
Waist circumference: 43 inches
Cholesterol: 220 mg/dL;HDL-C 30 mg/dL;LDL-C 160 mg/dL;VLDL 45 mg/dL;TG 150 mg/dL
Blood pressure: 140/85
Diet history of Mr.Jones shows that he eats the following foods:
Dairy products such as milk,cheese,and ice cream regularly.He consumes a variety of protein-rich foods including fish,shellfish,beef,poultry,and eggs;and large quantities of rice and potatoes;and he and his wife also frequently eat breads,crackers,and potato chips.Mr.Jones consumes a large variety of vegetables including eggplant,broccoli,mushrooms,onions,and tomatoes,although many of these are deep fried or cooked in butter.

-Based on the information above,what chronic disease is he at risk of developing?

A)Coronary heart disease
B)Colon cancer
C)Type 2 diabetes
D)All of the above
E)a and c

Question 49

Use the following information for questions.
Mr.Jones
Sex: Male   Hours of work: 55+/wk
Age: 61   Occupation: Computer programmer
Household members: wife,65 years old
Family Hx: coronary artery disease in father,had MI age 59
Smoker: yes,40 years,1 pack/day
Ht = 70" Wt = 190 lbs
Waist circumference: 43 inches
Cholesterol: 220 mg/dL;HDL-C 30 mg/dL;LDL-C 160 mg/dL;VLDL 45 mg/dL;TG 150 mg/dL
Blood pressure: 140/85
Diet history of Mr.Jones shows that he eats the following foods:
Dairy products such as milk,cheese,and ice cream regularly.He consumes a variety of protein-rich foods including fish,shellfish,beef,poultry,and eggs;and large quantities of rice and potatoes;and he and his wife also frequently eat breads,crackers,and potato chips.Mr.Jones consumes a large variety of vegetables including eggplant,broccoli,mushrooms,onions,and tomatoes,although many of these are deep fried or cooked in butter.

-Will making these changes guarantee that Mr.Jones does not develop a chronic disease?

A)Yes
B)No
C)Not enough information to determine

Question 50

Metabolic syndrome is an uncommon cluster of symptoms.

Question 51

Studies show that overweight and obesity result ENTIRELY from taking in more energy than you are expending.

Question 52

Limiting the amount of saturated and trans fat in your diet will guarantee you freedom from heart disease.

Question 53

Use the following information for questions.
Mr.Jones
Sex: Male   Hours of work: 55+/wk
Age: 61   Occupation: Computer programmer
Household members: wife,65 years old
Family Hx: coronary artery disease in father,had MI age 59
Smoker: yes,40 years,1 pack/day
Ht = 70" Wt = 190 lbs
Waist circumference: 43 inches
Cholesterol: 220 mg/dL;HDL-C 30 mg/dL;LDL-C 160 mg/dL;VLDL 45 mg/dL;TG 150 mg/dL
Blood pressure: 140/85
Diet history of Mr.Jones shows that he eats the following foods:
Dairy products such as milk,cheese,and ice cream regularly.He consumes a variety of protein-rich foods including fish,shellfish,beef,poultry,and eggs;and large quantities of rice and potatoes;and he and his wife also frequently eat breads,crackers,and potato chips.Mr.Jones consumes a large variety of vegetables including eggplant,broccoli,mushrooms,onions,and tomatoes,although many of these are deep fried or cooked in butter.

-What is Mr.Jones's BMI?

A)23
B)27
C)32
D)37
E)42

Question 54

Severe obesity is defined as a BMI ≥ 40.

Question 55

Weight maintenance requires lifelong behavioral strategies.

Question 56

Use the following information for questions.
Mr.Jones
Sex: Male   Hours of work: 55+/wk
Age: 61   Occupation: Computer programmer
Household members: wife,65 years old
Family Hx: coronary artery disease in father,had MI age 59
Smoker: yes,40 years,1 pack/day
Ht = 70" Wt = 190 lbs
Waist circumference: 43 inches
Cholesterol: 220 mg/dL;HDL-C 30 mg/dL;LDL-C 160 mg/dL;VLDL 45 mg/dL;TG 150 mg/dL
Blood pressure: 140/85
Diet history of Mr.Jones shows that he eats the following foods:
Dairy products such as milk,cheese,and ice cream regularly.He consumes a variety of protein-rich foods including fish,shellfish,beef,poultry,and eggs;and large quantities of rice and potatoes;and he and his wife also frequently eat breads,crackers,and potato chips.Mr.Jones consumes a large variety of vegetables including eggplant,broccoli,mushrooms,onions,and tomatoes,although many of these are deep fried or cooked in butter.

-Mr.Jones is:

A)underweight.
B)normal weight.
C)overweight.
D)obese.
E)severely obese.