Deck 6: Nutrition During Lactation

Question 1

The major component of breast milk is _____,while the second largest component is _____.

A)water,lipids
B)lipids,water
C)protein,carbohydrate
D)carbohydrate,protein
E)protein,lipids

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Control of the amount of milk produced is regulated by _____.

A)how strongly an infant suckles
B)how often an infant suckles
C)how many infants are fed
D)how much milk is removed from the breast
E)Both c and d

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The cyclic release of what 2 hormones governs pubertal breast development?

A)Prolactin and oxytocin
B)Progesterone and estrogen
C)Prolactin and estrogen
D)Progesterone and oxytocin
E)Testosterone and progesterone

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The hormone responsible for uterine contractions and the minimization of maternal postpartum blood loss is:

A)prolactin.
B)oxytocin.
C)estrogen.
D)progesterone.
E)testosterone.

Question 5

Milk "comes in" during which stage of lactogenesis?

A)Lactogenesis I
B)Lactogenesis II
C)Lactogenesis III
D)Lactogenesis IV
E)Lactogenesis V

Question 6

A petite Southeastern Asian woman was not planning to breastfeed because she felt her breasts were so small that they would not produce enough milk.What information would be the best information for her to know?

A)Inadequate food intake by the mother decreases the quantity of milk,not the quality.
B)Small breasts would be able to meet infant demands and only store less milk,thus leading to more feedings.
C)Eating a rice and fruit diet would best support adequate milk production.
D)Drinking more water and milk products would make up for the smaller breast tissue.

Question 7

Maternal psychological benefits related to breastfeeding include all the following EXCEPT:

A)increased self-confidence.
B)bonding with the breast fed infant.
C)a slower return to pre-pregnancy weight.
D)All of the above are psychological benefits.

Question 8

An urban community wants to decrease ethnic and racial disparities in early postpartum breastfeeding rates.Which ethnic group would most likely have the greatest potential for increased breastfeeding rates?

A)African American women
B)White women
C)Hispanic women
D)Asian women
E)Latina women

Question 9

The dominant carbohydrate in human milk is _____.

A)galactose
B)glucose
C)lactose
D)sucrose
E)maltose

Question 10

The goal set for 2020 is for at least _____% of women to ever breastfeed their infants.

A)25
B)50
C)75
D)82
E)90

Question 11

Which of the following is a nutritional benefit of breastfeeding?

A)It provides optimal nutrition to the infant.
B)The balance of nutrients matches requirements needed for human growth.
C)Infants do not need additional fluids or water when breastfeeding.
D)The low protein content is easily tolerated.
E)All of the above are considered nutritional benefits.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a maternal benefit of breastfeeding?

A)Minimizes postpartum blood loss
B)Helps uterus return to nonpregnant size
C)Delays return to fertility
D)MAY help lose weight more quickly
E)All of the above would be considered benefits of breastfeeding.

Question 13

The functional units of the mammary gland are the:

A)lobules.
B)myoepithelial cells.
C)alveoli.
D)areolas.
E)secretory cells.

Question 14

Breastfeeding rates are highest in _____ and lowest in _____.

A)eastern states;the Midwest
B)southern states;eastern states
C)western states;southern states
D)southern states;western states
E)the Midwest;southern states

Question 15

Several mechanisms that may prevent obesity in children who are breastfed have been identified.These include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)children that breastfed exhibited less soft drink consumption as teens.
B)children that breastfed learned self-regulation of energy intake.
C)children that breastfed shared characteristics of parents,including healthy lifestyles.
D)children that breastfed had metabolic programming related to chemical substances in human milk.
E)All of the above are potential protective mechanisms.

Question 16

Which statement is FALSE in regards to preparation for breastfeeding?

A)Gentle massage is recommended to get accustomed to handling the breasts and prepare them for expressing milk.
B)Rubbing the breast with a towel is recommended to toughen the breast.
C)The Hoffman technique is used for women with flat or inverted nipples.
D)Natural lubrication is produced by the Montgomery glands by the third trimester.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 17

Healthy People 2020 breastfeeding objectives for the nation include increasing the number of all women who exclusively breastfeed through six months to approximately _____%.

A)25
B)45
C)50
D)75
E)100

Question 18

Breast milk is isosmotic,which means breast milk _____.

A)contains milk proteins
B)has the same concentration of molecules as the mother's body plasma
C)has the same concentration of molecules as human milk substitutes
D)has a greater concentration of molecules than human milk substitutes

Question 19

What hormone is necessary for the let-down reflex?

A)Oxytocin
B)Prolactin
C)Estrogen
D)Progesterone
E)Both c and d

Question 20

On the second feeding after birth,a first-time mom was concerned that her infant was not getting enough milk.What would the lactation consultant want the new mom to know?

A)The first milk is highly concentrated in nutrients and provides a large amount of protein.
B)The infant needs only ½ to 2 tsp at each feeding for the first two days.
C)The infant needs human milk substitutes to ensure adequate energy intake.
D)The infant needs supplemental sugar water to ensure adequate energy intake.
E)a and b

Question 21

Continuing to nurse while you are sick actually protects your baby because:

A)you do not pass germs through breast milk.
B)your breast milk is full of antibodies that are passed on to your baby.
C)you do not contaminate bottles by handling them.
D)infant formulas are higher in vitamins and minerals and help boost the baby's immune system.

Question 22

Use the following information for questions:
A young woman comes into your office for a lactation consultation complaining that her 1-month-old baby is colicky and slow to gain weight.Her baby requires 6 to 7 diaper changes each day and suffers from diarrhea.She tells you she allows the baby to nurse equally on each breast so that she does not feel "overfull";she is desperate for help and asks your advice on what to do.A 24-hour diet history provides the following information about her eating habits.
Breakfast:   cereal,milk,banana,and walnut pieces;sometimes she has eggs
Lunch:  peanut butter sandwich,salad,and grapes with a glass of milk
Dinner:  fish or chicken,vegetables,potato or rice,applesauce,and milk
Snacks:  change daily,but she likes trail mix because it is easy to eat when nursing

-What is likely happening to this baby and causing the diarrhea?

A)The baby is not latched on properly.
B)The mother is not producing enough breast milk.
C)The baby is getting too much foremilk and not enough hindmilk.
D)The baby has a poor suckle.
E)The baby is lactose intolerant.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a common barrier to breastfeeding initiation?

A)Embarrassment
B)Lack of confidence
C)Fear of pain
D)Lack of support
E)All of the above are common barriers to breastfeeding.

Question 24

It is recommended that women allow infants to drain one breast completely before offering the other breast primarily because:

A)this allows them to get more foremilk,which may decrease incidence of diarrhea and prevent colic.
B)this allows them to get both foremilk and hindmilk,which may decrease incidence of diarrhea.
D)this prevents excess gas from forming.

Question 25

A nursing mother is given a diaper bag full of formula samples and coupons by her nurse upon discharge from the hospital.What is the nurse telling her?

A)She has been a great patient and her nurse wants to give her a gift.
B)The nurse wants to make sure she can get a discount on formula should she decide to try it instead of breastfeed.
C)The nurse knows she is returning to work and will need to supplement the baby's diet.
D)The nurse is letting her know that formula is just as good as breast milk.
E)Both b and c

Question 26

Which correctly describes the Healthy People 2020 breastfeeding goals?

A)82% of mothers initiating breastfeeding,61% of mothers breastfeeding at 6 months,and 34% of mothers breastfeeding at 12 months
B)75% of mothers initiating breastfeeding,50% of mothers breastfeeding at 6 months,and 25% of mothers breastfeeding at 12 months
C)100% of mothers initiating breastfeeding,55% of mothers breastfeeding at 6 months,and 22% of mothers breastfeeding at 12 months
D)None of the above

Question 27

Barriers to breastfeeding and employment have been recognized by the U.S.Surgeon General;these barriers include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)lack of on-site day care.
B)embarrassment.
C)insufficiently paid maternity leave.
D)rigid work schedules.
E)employers that lack knowledge about breastfeeding.

Question 28

Protein content in human milk is affected by the _____.

A)age of the infant
B)amount of protein in the mother's diet
C)hormone variation in the mother
D)All of the above
E)a and c only

Question 29

A health care professional was asked by a nursing mom,"How many glasses of water should I drink a today?" What would be an appropriate recommendation?

A)6-8 glasses
B)8-10 glasses
C)>10 glasses
D)Drink enough fluids to keep your urine pale yellow.

Question 30

Is it normal for colostrum to be green?

A)Yes;colostrum is the first milk and is always green.
B)No;this definitely sounds wrong;you should talk to you doctor about it.
C)The green color will clear up if you continue to nurse.

Question 31

What fat-soluble vitamin is given to infants at birth?

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin K

Question 32

What nutrient forms a soft,easily digestible curd in the baby's stomach?

A)Copper
B)Vitamin K
C)Whey
D)Casein
E)Iron

Question 33

Because human infants grow at a relatively slow rate,the mineral content of human milk is _____ that of other animals who grow faster.

A)lower than
B)higher than
C)equal to
D)half of

Question 34

The 2002 DRI for lactating women is _____ additional calories per day during the first 6 months with a 0.8 kg per month weight loss.

A)200
B)330
C)500
D)650
E)unlimited

Question 35

Use the following information for questions:
A young woman comes into your office for a lactation consultation complaining that her 1-month-old baby is colicky and slow to gain weight.Her baby requires 6 to 7 diaper changes each day and suffers from diarrhea.She tells you she allows the baby to nurse equally on each breast so that she does not feel "overfull";she is desperate for help and asks your advice on what to do.A 24-hour diet history provides the following information about her eating habits.
Breakfast:   cereal,milk,banana,and walnut pieces;sometimes she has eggs
Lunch:  peanut butter sandwich,salad,and grapes with a glass of milk
Dinner:  fish or chicken,vegetables,potato or rice,applesauce,and milk
Snacks:  change daily,but she likes trail mix because it is easy to eat when nursing

-After looking at her diet,what changes could you suggest to help with the baby's colic?

A)Eliminate all fruit except canned fruit
B)Eliminate nuts
C)Eliminate dairy products
D)All of the above
E)b and c only

Question 36

The major class of protein found in mature human milk is:

A)whey.
B)casein.
C)lactose.
D)maltose.
E)colostrum.

Question 37

Which of the following correctly describes the current status of breastfeeding in the United States?

A)Women are meeting the Healthy People 2020 goals for breastfeeding initiation,but not for breastfeeding at 6 and 12 months.
B)Women are meeting the Healthy People 2020 goals for breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding at 6 months,but not for 12 months.
C)Women are meeting all the Healthy People 2020 goals for breastfeeding;therefore there is discussion of revising the goals to set a higher target.
D)Women in the south are not meeting any of the Healthy People 2020 breastfeeding objectives.

Question 38

Shelly is a 25-year-old breastfeeding mom who is trying to lose weight.Her OBGYN has suggested that she go on a very-low-fat diet (~15% of calories)to help with weight loss.How will this change the fat composition of her breast milk?

A)It will not change the fat composition at all.
B)Her breast milk will contain more very-long-chain fatty acids.
C)Her breast milk will contain more saturated fatty acids.
D)Her breast milk will contain more medium-chain fatty acids.
E)Her breast milk will contain more cholesterol.

Question 39

A low-income mom began breastfeeding in the hospital and was discharged with a healthy infant.The critical time for a public health nurse to visit after discharge (which would improve the likelihood of continuing breastfeeding)is _____ after discharge.

A)5-7 days
B)7-10 days
C)14-21 days
D)3 months

Question 40

Use the following information for questions:
A young woman comes into your office for a lactation consultation complaining that her 1-month-old baby is colicky and slow to gain weight.Her baby requires 6 to 7 diaper changes each day and suffers from diarrhea.She tells you she allows the baby to nurse equally on each breast so that she does not feel "overfull";she is desperate for help and asks your advice on what to do.A 24-hour diet history provides the following information about her eating habits.
Breakfast:   cereal,milk,banana,and walnut pieces;sometimes she has eggs
Lunch:  peanut butter sandwich,salad,and grapes with a glass of milk
Dinner:  fish or chicken,vegetables,potato or rice,applesauce,and milk
Snacks:  change daily,but she likes trail mix because it is easy to eat when nursing

-What would the best advice be for this woman?

A)Allow your baby to nurse on one breast only until it is completely empty.
B)Allow us to evaluate you while you are nursing your baby and see what you are doing.
C)Stop nursing immediately and use an infant formula so your baby starts growing.
D)Use supplemental infant formula after each feeding because the baby is obviously not getting enough to eat.
E)a and b only

Question 41

What would be the best response to a new mother who asks you: "My baby is two months old and I just started working again part time;I pump once at work every day,and get between two and three ounces.Is this enough?"

A)It depends on how much your baby drinks.
B)You will need to pump or nurse every 2-3 hours to maintain your supply.
C)It is imperative that you are consistent with pumping and feeding.
D)All of the above

Question 42

As of 2012 breastfeeding rates are continuing to rise.

Question 43

One of the key messages of the WIC Best Start campaign is the involvement of family and friends to make breastfeeding a success.

Question 44

Breastfeeding has been found to be just as effective as other methods of birth control,such as the birth control pill.

Question 45

A baby that is not given vitamin K at birth may have:

A)excessive bleeding due to a lack of blood clotting.
B)decreased calcium absorption.
C)increased incidence of colic.
D)increased incidence of diarrhea.
E)All of the above

Question 46

When breastfeeding,you should hear a smacking or clicking sound which indicates the baby is getting milk.

Question 47

Infants appear to be interested in their mother's milk when flavors are new to them.

Question 48

Breastfeeding women on a vegetarian diet tend to get plenty of protein as long as their energy intakes are adequate.

Question 49

In the early 1900s almost all infants in the U.S.were breastfed.

Question 50

Breastfeeding may be used to reduce infant discomfort during minor invasive procedures.

Question 51

Letdown ONLY occurs when the infant suckles the breast.

Question 52

The size of a woman's breast limits her ability to STORE milk.