Deck 30: Depression, European Dictators, and the American New Deal

Question 1

The period between the two World Wars seemed to mark the end of (Global Perspective, pp. 752-753)

A) communism and socialism.
B) fascism and military dictatorship.
C) democracy and laissez-faire capitalism.
D) nationalism and racism.

Answer 1

democracy and laissez-faire capitalism.

Question 2

Alexandra Kollontai (Document, pp. 756-757) thought that communism would influence family life

A) by enhancing the role of the individual.
B) by keeping women subservient and dependent on their husbands.
C) by giving women alternate means to maintain their families.
D) by taking control over family life away from family members.

Answer 2

by giving women alternate means to maintain their families.

Question 3

Mussolini's followers (Image, p. 761) were called

A) red shirts.
B) brown shirts.
C) black shirts.
D) None of these answers are correct.

Answer 3

black shirts.

Question 4

Big business organizations

A) were crucial to Nazi success.
B) made little difference in the Nazi rise to power.
C) were a part of Hitler's original scheme for attaining power.
D) helped Hitler organize the economy.

Question 5

The SA, led by Ernst Roehm, was used by Hitler

A) to gain prestige internationally.
B) to intimidate opponents.
C) to serve as official police state enforcers.
D) to defend Germany against France.

Question 6

Compare Alexandra Kollontai's treatise on women in the Soviet Union (Document, pp. 756-757) with Nazi views on women. What was their major point of disagreement?

A) Nazism limited women's roles to the home, whereas Kollontai thought they should be expanded.
B) Kollontai believed both women and men could make positive contributions to the nation, whereas Nazis thought it was only men.
C) Nazis believed every individual is responsible for himself or herself, but Kollontai thought it was the state's responsibility.
D) The Nazis and Kollontai agreed on most issues regarding the role of women.

Question 7

Stalin's Great Purges started in the aftermath of

A) Lenin's death.
B) Kirov's assassination.
C) the execution of the tsar.
D) Trotsky's exile.

Question 8

Which organization carried out the purges of the Nazi Party in 1934?

A) the SS
B) the Cheka
C) the SA
D) None of these answers are correct.

Question 9

What were the political and economic characteristics that dominated European governments during the interwar period? Why did those characteristics become dominant during this period?
Conceptual

Question 10

What was the impact of the Versailles Treaty on the defeated nations of World War I? What was its impact on the victors? Why did this treaty create so many problems?
Conceptual

Question 11

Explain the causes of the Depression of the 1930s. Why was it so much more severe and longer lasting than previous depressions? How, if at all, could it have been avoided?
Conceptual

Question 12

Discuss France's foreign policy problems after the Versailles Treaty. By what means could it best obtain security? Was the invasion of the Ruhr wise? Should France have signed the Locarno pact? Should it have made an alliance with Soviet Russia? Why or why not?
Conceptual

Question 13

Which country was most successful in meeting the challenges of the Great Depression? What was the secret of that country's success? What limited the success of other countries?
Conceptual

Question 14

"There were few or no differences between right-wing and left-wing dictatorships in the 1920s." Evaluate this statement with specific reference to Fascism in Italy and Communism in Russia. Do you agree or disagree?
Conceptual

Question 15

Why did Lenin institute the New Economic Policy? Was it successful? What role did Lenin play in ensuring the success of the Russian Revolution?
Conceptual

Question 16

What were the ideological differences between Stalin and Trotsky? Why did Stalin win the struggle between them for control of the Soviet Union?
Conceptual

Question 17

Why did Stalin decide that Russia had to industrialize rapidly? Why did this require the collectivization of agriculture? What obstacles stood in the way of collectivization and how did Stalin overcome them?
Conceptual

Question 18

Why did so many Europeans and Americans view the Soviet experiment so uncritically? What was the evidence that helped support their praise of the Soviets?
Conceptual

Question 19

Explain the rise of fascism. How were the Fascists able to come to power? What role did the powerful leaders of these movements play? What was the role of propaganda? What were the fascist beliefs? What economic, social, and military changes did they enact?
Conceptual

Question 20

How did Mussolini manage to gain power in Italy? Who were his greatest supporters? What was his ideological agenda?
Conceptual

Question 21

Could the Weimar Republic have taken root in Germany, or was its failure inevitable? Between 1919 and 1929, what were the republic's greatest weaknesses? Strengths? To what extent did its fate depend on personalities rather than underlying trends?
Conceptual

Question 22

How did the Depression affect Germany? Discuss Hitler's rise to power between 1929 and 1934. Why was he successful? Was his dictatorship inevitable? Was his success due more to personality than to impersonal forces?
Conceptual

Question 23

Discuss Hitler's economic policies. Why were they successful? Compare and contrast his economic policies with those applied in the United States. In what ways were Roosevelt and Hitler similar in their approach to the economic crisis of the 1930s? In what ways were their political goals different?
Conceptual

Question 24

Compare and contrast Lenin's and Stalin's views of socialism. What were their economic priorities? Which of the two was more ideological? What were their views on nationalism?
Conceptual

Question 25

Compare and contrast Mussolini's Fascism and Hitler's Nazism. Did they have similar economic views? What role did the cult of personality play in their conception of the state? What was the "socialist" component of their ideologies? What role did race play in their conception of nation?
Conceptual

Question 26

How important was anti-Semitism as a component of National-Socialist (Nazi) ideology? Could Nazism have existed without anti-Semitism?
Conceptual

Question 27

Why were Nazi Germany and the Stalinist Soviet Union considered "police states"? How effective was the apparatus of repression under each regime? Which groups did each regime target for repression or suppression?
Conceptual

Question 28

Imagine yourself as a German citizen in 1937. How would you judge the Nazi regime? How would you feel about Hitler? What would be your concerns about the future of the country?
Conceptual