Deck 24: Political Consolidation in Nineteenth-Century

Question 1

In the nineteenth century, a major change in political identity centered on a shift (Global Perspective, pp. 588-589)

A) from ruler to state.
B) from family to town.
C) from nobility to generals.
D) from serf to peasant.

Answer 1

from ruler to state.

Question 2

All of the following can describe nineteenth-century nationalism except

A) a belief that the destiny of people in a particular country has been chosen by God.
B) an ideology that supports self-government for people of the same or similar cultures.
C) the government takeover of industry in the name of the greater common good.
D) the harmonious activity of ethnic groups, directed toward a common purpose.

Answer 2

the government takeover of industry in the name of the greater common good.

Question 3

According to Giuseppe Mazzini (Document, pp. 590-591), what is the relationship between religion and nationalism?

A) The nation is derived from God and is a part of God's will.
B) The people's religion determines the nature of their nation.
C) A nation governed by religion is the highest form of rule.
D) Religion should have nothing to do with nationalism.

Answer 3

The nation is derived from God and is a part of God's will.

Question 4

The Prussian defeat of Austria in 1866

A) permanently excluded the Habsburgs from German affairs.
B) resulted in a harsh treaty in which Austria lost a great amount of territory to Prussia.
C) left Hanover the only major competitor for leadership among the German states.
D) prolonged the Schleswig-Holstein problem.

Question 5

Prime Minister William Gladstone supported Irish home rule in 1886 because

A) it was consistent with his liberal beliefs.
B) the British needed the Irish to ally with them against the French.
C) of the economic demands the rule of Ireland made on the Exchequer.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 6

What were the primary reasons for the political consolidation of North America and Europe during the nineteenth century? What were the most significant consequences of that consolidation?
Conceptual

Question 7

What was the definition of political nationalism during the early nineteenth century? Did this definition differ across Europe and North America? If so, how? How did these ideologies differ from previous beliefs about the origins of the power of the state?
Conceptual

Question 8

What were the tenets of liberalism? Who were the liberals and how did liberalism affect the political developments of the early nineteenth century? What relationship does liberalism have to nationalism?
Conceptual

Question 9

What was the relationship between the ideologies of liberalism and nationalism? Why were these ideas often seen as complementary? Under what circumstances were they not viewed as complementary?
Conceptual

Question 10

How did liberalism emerge in Russia during the early nineteenth century? What was the result of that emergence and why?
Conceptual

Question 11

What was the primary influence of liberal and nationalist ideologies in France during the first half of the nineteenth century?
Conceptual

Question 12

Discuss the sectional difficulties in the United States from 1800 to 1840. What were the main issues and what compromises took place?
Conceptual

Question 13

What was the purpose of the Great Reform Bill? What did it achieve? Would you call it a "revolutionary" document?
Conceptual

Question 14

Why was the Crimean War fought? Who were the participants and how did the results of the war affect European history in subsequent years?
Conceptual

Question 15

Why was it so difficult to unify Italy? What groups were urging unification? Who was Cavour and how did he achieve what others had failed to do? What was Garibaldi's contribution to Italian unification?
Conceptual

Question 16

Who was Bismarck and why did he try to unify Germany? What attempts had preceded Bismarck and why did they fail? What was Bismarck's policy of unification and why did he succeed? What effect did the unification of Germany have on the rest of Europe?
Conceptual

Question 17

Explain why Austria failed to control German affairs. What was the ethnic makeup of the empire? What were the major obstacles hindering Austrian success? Detail and explain how Austria lost the war with Germany in 1866. What contributed to the loss? What effect did nationalism have on the peoples of eastern Europe?
Conceptual

Question 18

In terms of political and constitutional development, how did the history of the United States and Canada differ? How did Canada break from Britain?
Conceptual

Question 19

Nationalism had a variable effect on European and world politics in the nineteenth century. Name three situations in which nationalism played a different role each time. How would you assess the overall impact of nationalism on Europe? Is it, on balance, a positive or a negative force?
Conceptual

Question 20

What are the origins of nineteenth- and twentieth-century anti-Semitism? How did Jewish groups react to increasing anti-Semitic activities and beliefs? What is the relationship between anti-Semitism and nationalism?
Conceptual

Question 21

What are the ideological roots of the Zionist movement? In combating anti-Semitism and calling for a Jewish state, did Zionists embrace their enemies' notions of blood, race, and nation? Is Zionism a form of nationalism?
Conceptual

Question 22

Compare and contrast the process of unification in Italy and Germany. Were the ideological roots of Italian and German nationalism the same?
Conceptual

Question 23

How do American notions of national identity differ from those of European countries? What constitutes nationality in the absence of long historical traditions and geographic points of reference? Was the American notion of nationality inclusive? To what extent?
Conceptual

Question 24

Was the end of slavery in the United States motivated by economic necessity, political expediency, or moral outrage? How long would slavery have survived in the South if the Confederation had successfully seceded?
Conceptual

Question 25

Why were conservatives in Italy and Germany able to become the leaders of unification and take the cause away from the liberals? Why did nationalism become a conservative cause? What kind of countries would have emerged in Italy and Germany had unification been carried out by liberals?
Conceptual