Deck 26: Americas Rise to Globalism 1927-1945

Question 1

The chapter introduction tells the story of Hawaiian pipefitter John Garcia to make the point that

A) the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was used as justification for interning Japanese Americans.
B) Mexican Americans made significant gains in acceptance because of their contribution to the war effort.
C) the attack on Hawaii and subsequent global war taught Americans that they could not be isolated from the perils of the rest of the world.
D) tragically, it now appears that U.S. entry into World War II could have been avoided if Roosevelt had been less preoccupied with Europe.

Answer 1

the attack on Hawaii and subsequent global war taught Americans that they could not be isolated from the perils of the rest of the world.

Question 2

Which of the following was a component of U.S. diplomacy between the world wars?

A) react to a Japanese takeover of Manchuria with nothing more than refusal to recognize an act that violated international agreements or open-door principles.
B) become a good neighbor to Latin America by using military force and influence.
C) join collective efforts to block German and Japanese aggression.
D) renounce collective action in Czechoslovakia and decline to act in Poland.

Answer 2

react to a Japanese takeover of Manchuria with nothing more than refusal to recognize an act that violated international agreements or open-door principles.

Question 3

Most fundamentally, over what did internationalists and isolationists disagree?

A) whether war could be prevented by collective security
B) whether an international consultation or a North Atlantic military alliance would best preserve peace
C) which political party could best protect American security
D) whether international alliances or policies like the Stimson Doctrine were the more effective strategy against aggression

Answer 3

whether war could be prevented by collective security

Question 4

What did Hoover allow his secretary of state, Henry Stimson, to do in response to the Japanese takeover of Manchuria?

A) support the Japanese action
B) refuse to recognize the new Japanese territories
C) sign on with the League of Nations in a joint protest and censure
D) embargo all oil and scrap iron sales to Japan

Question 5

What was a principle or strategy that unified the diverse group known as isolationists?

A) opposition to war unless England was invaded by ground forces
B) opposition to entangling alliances
C) opposition to the Neutrality Acts
D) support for the Lend-Lease Act

Question 6

The Nye Committee hearings in the 1930s popularized the idea that a key factor leading the United States into World War I had been

A) German aggression.
B) the power vacuum caused by the decline of the Ottoman Turkish Empire.
C) the need to protect American bank loans to the Allies (which were used to buy arms from U.S. manufacturers).
D) the need to protect American overseas colonial possessions (which were threatened by German and Japanese expansion).

Question 7

Concerning the background to the Pearl Harbor attack, which of the following statements is true?

A) Right up until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt was one of the country's most outspoken isolationists.
B) The text ultimately explains the coming of war with Japan by showing how each side came to understand the other's intentions.
C) Clear evidence now exists that President Franklin Roosevelt knew about and even encouraged the Japanese to attack Pearl Harbor in 1941.
D) Before Pearl Harbor, the U.S. provided substantial military aid to the British and Russians.

Question 8

The neutrality legislation of the 1930s was based on the assumption that the United States could keep out of war by

A) ending its own depression.
B) granting independence to all American foreign possessions.
C) staying out of the League of Nations.
D) banning arms sales to countries at war.

Question 9

During World War II, the United States was part of the Grand Alliance, which included

A) the Soviet Union.
B) Japan.
C) Italy.
D) Spain.

Question 10

To assist Great Britain after the fall of France in 1940, President Roosevelt

A) asked Congress to declare war on Germany.
B) devised ways to provide aid without going to war.
C) sent troops to England.
D) asked Congress to pass the neutrality legislation.

Question 11

Concerning the aftermath of the Pearl Harbor attack, which of the following statements is true?

A) Though outraged over Pearl Harbor, both Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed that Germany posed a greater threat and the Allies should concentrate on Europe.
B) Ironically, American unity forged by the disastrous loss at Pearl Harbor made the Allied defeat of France possible.
C) Precise reading of each other's cultural character and likely behavior explain both Japan's successful surprise attack and America's decisive response.
D) Pearl Harbor was the only victory the Japanese had in the western Pacific until the summer 1942 when they successfully attacked the Philippines.

Question 12

The war aims of the Allies were articulated before U.S. entry into the war, in the so-called Atlantic Charter. This document included

A) a call for a new association of nations.
B) a compromise with Nazism.
C) a commitment to the "Four Freedoms."
D) the combined approval of Franco and Roosevelt.

Question 13

Collectively the Allies, despite early defeats, enjoyed significant strengths that would bring victory in the long haul, including

A) a professed public commitment to Wilsonian ideals that managed to sustain morale.
B) able political leadership but constant fighting among the Allied Powers.
C) Soviet manpower.
D) American agricultural reserves.

Question 14

Choose the correct sequence of campaigning on the western front in the European theater of operations:
I. Cross-channel invasion;
II. Invasion of Italy;
III. North Africa campaign;
IV. Invasion of Sicily.

A) III, IV, II, I
B) I, III, IV, II
C) III, I, IV, II
D) I, II, III, IV

Question 15

In which of the following ways did World War II impact American society?

A) It prompted recovery from the stagnation and unemployment of the Great Depression.
B) Military life served as a melting pot and as an example of desegregation.
C) Women and minorities felt resentment at being barred from military service.
D) Women found few economic opportunities despite vast change in gender attitudes.

Question 16

The text makes the point that minorities in the United States

A) enlisted in high numbers to avoid being sent to internment camps.
B) avoided getting involved in the war effort as much as they could.
C) enlisted to become a part of the American mainstream.
D) overcame racial prejudice in the army, which was desegregated at the outset of the war.

Question 17

What government body was created to help implement Executive Order 8802, which forbade discrimination by race in hiring either government or defense industry workers?

A) Fair Employment Practices Committee
B) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
C) Equal Opportunity Bureau
D) Fair Practices Commission

Question 18

Which statement regarding the "miracle"of war production is most accurate?

A) War production rested on the conversion of peacetime industries, so overall economic output grew very little.
B) Both corporate profits and personal incomes rose, though more flexible smaller firms and wealthier individuals gained the most.
C) Worker productivity increased, due more to new job opportunities after a long depression than to any commitment to the war effort.
D) U.S. achievements in war production proved as important to the Allied victory as success on the battlefield.

Question 19

An unintended consequence of creating hybrid seeds through artificial pollination is

A) greatly reduced genetic variety.
B) lower crop yields.
C) increased manpower requirements.
D) genetic mutations.

Question 20

What happened to the New Deal during the war?

A) Since wartime spending brought recovery, neither Roosevelt nor Congress thought the New Deal was needed anymore.
B) Since "Dr. New Deal" had become "Dr. Win-the-War," there was little political interest in domestic legislation.
C) An anti-New Deal coalition moved to end many New Deal programs, and the president adapted to the new political environment.
D) Although cloaked in wartime labels, several additional New Deal-style agencies were in fact created to provide relief, recovery, and reform.

Question 21

Most Americans viewed war work for women as

A) a permanent change in the role of women in American society.
B) a temporary response to the war emergency.
C) unpatriotic.
D) evidence that Americans must rethink gender stereotypes.

Question 22

June 6, 1944, was the date of

A) the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.
B) Operation Overlord, the Allied attack across the English Channel.
C) VE Day, when Germany surrendered to the Allies as they overran Berlin.
D) the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima.

Question 23

Winston Churchill's vision for the postwar world

A) stressed the balance of power in Europe to check the Soviets.
B) placed first priority on reviving a strong international organization to achieve collective security.
C) sought expansive advantages to guarantee security for his own nation, based on suspicions about his two Allied counterparts.
D) imagined the continuation of the Grand Alliance into the postwar world as "Policemen" of world peace and order.

Question 24

With respect to Poland, the Yalta conference provided for

A) permanent Soviet occupation.
B) a system of United Nations mandates.
C) an interim government and subsequent free elections.
D) the withdrawal of the Red Army and immediate self-government.

Question 25

The text portrays the key agreements at the Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin Yalta Conference of 1945 as

A) a one-sided diplomatic victory for the Americans-until the Soviets broke their pledges.
B) a sellout and betrayal of American ideals and interests by a naive and ill President Roosevelt.
C) a series of compromises and U.S. concessions, relying on Soviet cooperation for fulfillment.
D) a diplomatic stalemate: there was no agreement because the U.S. sought maximum territorial control and the Soviets wanted a new collective security organization.

Question 26

At the Potsdam Summit,

A) the United Nations was organized.
B) Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed on the fate of Germany.
C) Truman, Churchill, and Stalin agreed on occupying Germany but had to compromise on reparations.
D) representatives of smaller allied nations met with the Big Three to hammer out a comprehensive peace treaty ending the war.

Question 27

The first city attacked with an atomic weapon was

A) Tokyo.
B) Hiroshima.
C) Nagasaki.
D) Edo.

Question 28

The battle of ________ halted the Japanese advance and broke Japanese naval supremacy in the Pacific.

Question 29

With the development of ________, the typical battlefield "front"as in World War II disappeared.

Question 30

Japanese American citizens were also known as ________ and, if they lived on the West Coast, were confined in camps during the war.

Question 31

According to your text, nothing during World War II raised more wrenching questions of human good and evil than what is known as the ________.

Question 32

The harnessing of ________ energy meant no one in the world, even in the United States, was safe anymore.

Question 33

What steps did the Roosevelt administration take to maximize war production?

Question 34

What did the Germans, British, and French agree to at Munich in 1938?

Question 35

What steps did the government take to ease discrimination against minorities in war industries?

Question 36

What reasons did the government have for placing Japanese Americans in relocation centers?

Question 37

How did conservatives attempt to limit New Deal programs and liberal reform during the war?

Question 38

How did the government try to limit labor unrest during the war?

Question 39

What are the major reasons given for the decision to drop atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Question 40

Discuss the three events you consider most important in drawing the United States into World War II.

Question 41

Describe the major war aims of the Allied Powers.

Question 42

Explain why the battles at Midway, El Alamein, and Stalingrad were turning points in the war.

Question 43

Why did the United States fail to take steps to help Europe's Jews during the Holocaust?

Question 44

Compare the treatment of Italian Americans with that of Japanese Americans during World War II. How do you account for the differences?

Question 45

Explain what you think were the government's least effective and most effective responses to the problems of war production.

Question 46

How did the war change the attitudes of women and minorities toward their status in American society?

Question 47

How did political debate during the war reflect issues that had arisen during the New Deal?

Question 48

Discuss World War II, comparing the Pacific and European theaters. Give two battles in each theater and three significant people within the war. Be specific when discussing the chronology and differences in each theater.

Question 49

What is the connection between WWI and WWII?

Question 50

Describe the relationship among FDR, Stalin, and Churchill. How did this dynamic change when Truman became president?