Deck 23: The United States and the Collapse of the Old World Order 1901-1920

Question 1

Theodore Roosevelt acquired territorial rights in Panama

A) through persistent negotiations with Colombian authorities.
B) by abetting revolution in Panama.
C) by threatening Panamanian political leaders.
D) by seizing Panamanian territory by force.

Answer 1

by abetting revolution in Panama.

Question 2

The chapter introduction tells the story of the Panama Canal to make the point that

A) progressives were increasingly willing to flex American muscle to shape world order.
B) the United States followed a pattern of arbitrary intervention in Latin America.
C) the United States deliberately differed from European powers in the way they exercised influence abroad.
D) Roosevelt took the canal.

Answer 2

progressives were increasingly willing to flex American muscle to shape world order.

Question 3

The text throughout the chapter links progressivism and American diplomacy. Which statement would best summarize this analysis?

A) All three presidents between 1901 and 1920 were progressives.
B) The progressive administration of Woodrow Wilson led the United States into World War I.
C) The humanitarian vision of progressivism was violated by U.S. entry into World War I.
D) Progressive moralism and desire for order were applied both to the international situation and to the wartime home front.

Answer 3

Progressive moralism and desire for order were applied both to the international situation and to the wartime home front.

Question 4

Progressive diplomacy embodied a

A) belief in capitalism.
B) belief in the superiority of Anglo-American institutions, and therefore in America's mission to help civilize the non-Western world.
C) nationalistic commitment to remaining aloof from global power politics in Europe, Latin America, and Asia.
D) pragmatic commitment to preserving and enlarging opportunities for labor.

Question 5

The depression of 1893 had an impact on America's international posture in that

A) the U.S., with the return of prosperity, felt no great need to participate in the growing world of international trade.
B) the strains of underproduction left America behind in the race for world markets.
C) it encouraged American manufacturing and agricultural interest in markets abroad.
D) the U.S. determined to drop its barriers to foreign imports in order to restore domestic competitiveness.

Question 6

Under the "Roosevelt Corollary,"the U.S.

A) agreed to abstain from interfering in the internal affairs of the Caribbean nations.
B) declared the canal zone open to all nations.
C) established a system of mutual financial and commercial obligations with Panama.
D) justified intervention in the internal affairs of Caribbean countries.

Question 7

Roosevelt justified his "corollary"to the Monroe Doctrine with the reasoning that

A) the instability of Latin American nations made them vulnerable to intervention by European powers.
B) the untapped resources of Latin American nations made them fair game for aggressive American exploitation.
C) the U.S. Navy, if displayed in all its power in Asia, would intimidate the imperial powers from any aggressive moves against American interests.
D) Monroe would have agreed if he could have anticipated the insecurity of the modern world.

Question 8

Roosevelt's objectives in his Asian policy-which explain his actions in response to the Russo-Japanese War-included all EXCEPT

A) holding the U.S. Navy in waters close to the U.S. for coastal defense.
B) keeping the commercial door open in China.
C) protecting U.S. Pacific holdings, especially the Philippines.
D) maintaining the balance of power in the Pacific.

Question 9

Taft's "dollar diplomacy"was intended to

A) encourage private corporations to invest in the U.S.
B) foster economic co-dependence.
C) tie debt-ridden nations to the U.S. instead of Europe.
D) promote American corporate interests overseas through regular use of armed force.

Question 10

Wilson built upon the diplomacy of Roosevelt and Taft by adding his own distinctive

A) commitment to the selective use of armed force.
B) reliance on international experts in and out of government to shape his foreign policy.
C) conviction that justice, democracy, and the values of harmony and cooperation should guide foreign policy.
D) insight that the new world order could not succeed unless the U.S. asserted its economic and military power.

Question 11

During the Wilson administration, a revolutionary situation led to U.S. invasions of what country?

A) Nicaragua
B) Mexico
C) Cuba
D) China

Question 12

Wilson's commitment to neutrality in World War I stemmed from his profound conviction that

A) aggressive, threatening nationalism would arise from the chaos of war.
B) a neutral America could lead the warring nations to a "peace without victory."
C) it was his Christian duty to impose America's will on the world.
D) the U.S. had no security interests outside the Western Hemisphere.

Question 13

Why did the U.S. enter WWI on the side of the Allies?

A) the way the war represented the spread of American neutrality
B) U.S. economic interests in Germany
C) Wilson's hawkish 1916 re-election campaign
D) U-boat attacks on American merchant vessels

Question 14

What circumstance led to an American posture in which true neutrality was dead?

A) the British blockade, which cut off U.S. trade with Germany while supplies still flowed to the Allies
B) the British blockade, which infuriated Wilson to the point of embargoing U.S. trade
C) German war propaganda, which recruited thousands of influential German-Americans to lobby on behalf of the German cause
D) German war propaganda, which so alienated German Americans that they shifted their support to the British

Question 15

As the war lingered and the presidential election of 1916 loomed, Wilson endorsed ________, yet then ran a campaign stressing ________.

A) Taft as his successor; that he was more progressive than Taft
B) a set of strong positions in foreign affairs; domestic issues
C) a pacifist position; how he had stood up to Germany on the U-boat issue
D) enhanced military preparedness; that he had kept the U.S. out of war

Question 16

The inflammatory Zimmerman telegram proposed that in the event of war between the U.S. and Germany,

A) Mexico would attack the U.S.
B) Germany would unleash unrestricted submarine warfare on U.S. merchant vessels.
C) the U.S., once the Central Powers were defeated, would take over the German colonies.
D) German nationals within the U.S. would be held in internment camps.

Question 17

What "home front"impacts did World War I have on the U.S.?

A) a segregated but all-volunteer army
B) a government-controlled economy "for the duration"
C) reduced racial and ethnic tensions in both the North and the South
D) the creation of a government propaganda office

Question 18

When the draft began as a means to ensure adequate troops for the war, American public opinion

A) was overwhelmingly opposed to it.
B) ranged widely from opposition to support.
C) was enthusiastically approving.
D) was apathetic, since the draft affected relatively few Americans.

Question 19

How did the United States pay for the costs of its involvement in World War I?

A) subsidies from Britain and France
B) reparations from defeated Germany
C) the sale of bonds and savings certificates
D) inflationary currency manipulation by the Federal Reserve

Question 20

The war's impact on the federal government included

A) a more managed economy than had existed before the war.
B) the national debt remaining the same.
C) government-sponsored propaganda that promoted the draft.
D) the Supreme Court striking down acts of Congress that curtailed American civil liberties.

Question 21

Among the key provisions of Wilson's "Fourteen Points"were

A) freedom of airspace.
B) an organization to guarantee collective security.
C) phased rearmament.
D) self-rule.

Question 22

Characterize the "Fourteen Points."

A) a pragmatic list of specifics undergirding Wilson's desire to mediate an end to the war
B) an idealistic vision for a world order freed of selfish nationalism, imperialism, and war
C) a blueprint for a punitive peace that would prevent any resurgence of German aggression
D) a code of moralistic guidelines for future diplomatic practice

Question 23

What was the fate of Wilson's fundamental premise of national self-determination, as implemented in the Treaty of Versailles?

A) It was applied to the defeated powers, but not to the new League of Nations.
B) It was applied in part, especially in eastern Europe and the former German colonies.
C) It was applied specifically to the Germans living in the area that was to become the revived nation of Poland.
D) It was sacrificed to satisfy the greed and desire for revenge of the victorious powers.

Question 24

What was the main impression brought back by the doughboys?

A) War was a disillusioning and useless experience, and America's crusade to save the world a fraud.
B) War was a racially enlightening experience that taught tolerance of diversity.
C) Europe was the more fascinating place, with a superior culture and heritage.
D) The U.S. was the more vital and modern civilization.

Question 25

Which of the following is accurate about attitudes in the Senate toward the Treaty of Versailles?

A) Few supported it.
B) Most supported it in some form.
C) About half supported it as Wilson submitted it; the other half was irreconcilably opposed to it.
D) Democrats uniformly voted for its amended version against Wilson's express instructions; Republicans consistently voted against it.

Question 26

The Treaty of Versailles never received U.S. Senate ratification because

A) the vast majority of Americans came to oppose it.
B) Wilson himself came to oppose it.
C) Wilson ordered Democratic senators to vote against the amended treaty.
D) it would have destroyed U.S. national security.

Question 27

The attitudes and public behavior in America immediately after the end of the war have been given the label

A) the "Red Scare."
B) "normalcy."
C) the "Great Euphoria."
D) the "New World Order."

Question 28

The end of the war, the success of Bolshevism in Russia, and the sense of cultural crisis led to

A) fear of labor organization at home.
B) fear of organized conspiracies to overthrow the government.
C) fear of foreign terrorist or military attack.
D) labor bombings.

Question 29

The "Palmer raids"refers to

A) a baseball scandal involving attempts to bribe a pitcher to switch teams.
B) incursions into New Mexico by a Mexican rebel who murdered Americans.
C) efforts by congressional insurgents to strip the speaker of the House of certain powers.
D) a series of illegal arrests of alleged radical subversives under the direction of the U.S. Attorney General.

Question 30

________ diplomacy, like its politics, stressed moralism and order.

Question 31

For his role in mediating the Russo-Japanese War, Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the ________ Prize.

Question 32

Theodore Roosevelt aided a revolt by Panamanians against ________ in order to secure American rights to build a canal.

Question 33

Under the policy known as the ________, the United States asserted the right to intervene in the Western Hemisphere in order to prevent Europeans from doing so.

Question 34

President Taft's foreign policy strategy, designed to promote economic stability and peace between debt-ridden nations and the U.S. without military action, is known as ________.

Question 35

Seeking to punish a revolutionary leader for an attack on Americans, Wilson dispatched a "punitive expedition"to ________.

Question 36

After World War I broke out in Europe, while the U.S. was still neutral, the advocates of what was called "________"urged a buildup of American land and sea forces to keep America at peace.

Question 37

Noticeable by their absence from the peace conference following the war were ________ delegates, whose country had just undergone a revolution and withdrawn from the war.

Question 38

In negotiating the Treaty of Versailles, Woodrow Wilson was willing to compromise on several of his Fourteen Points because he believed if the one calling for a(n) "________"were implemented, it would adjust for any deficiencies.

Question 39

What was the "Platt Amendment"? The "Roosevelt Corollary"? How were they used to justify American intervention in Latin America?

Question 40

What was "dollar diplomacy"? Did it succeed or fail? Why?

Question 41

What ethnic divisions and tensions in American society helped to undermine neutrality? How important were they in bringing the United States into World War I?

Question 42

What were the "Fourteen Points"? Why did Wilson promote them? How successful was he in achieving them?

Question 43

Describe the activities of the War Industries Board. How did the Board affect relations between business and government?

Question 44

What was the Committee on Public Information, and how did it contribute to postwar anti-radicalism?

Question 45

Describe the differences between Roosevelt's policies toward Latin America and Asia. Why were they different? How were they similar?

Question 46

Idealism and self-interest rarely part company in American foreign policy. How did Woodrow Wilson's "missionary diplomacy"combine the two? Why did it ultimately fail in Mexico?

Question 47

Was American neutrality a realistic policy? What did Wilson hope to achieve with it? Why did it fail?

Question 48

In what ways were mobilization and the war effort a fulfillment of the progressive legacy? In what ways did the war deny the basic tenets of progressivism?

Question 49

Why did the United States fail to endorse the Treaty of Versailles? What role did Wilson play in the demise of the treaty?

Question 50

What ignited the anti-radical "Red Scare"of 1919-1920? What could the president have done to quell the rising tide of hysteria? Why did the Red Scare come to an end so quickly?