Deck 2: Health Inequalities

Question 1

What factors contribute to the differences between health differentials between countries?

A) Population
B) Geography
C) Economics, environmental, and social factors
D) Climate

Answer 1

Economics, environmental, and social factors

Question 2

What is not a reason for the USA having such poor health compared with many other industrialised countries?

A) Some social groups within the USA are extremely poor
B) High levels of violence
C) High prevalence of smoking-related cancer
D) Low levels of violence

Answer 2

Low levels of violence

Question 3

The Social Drift model suggests that

A) Low socio-economic status (SES) causes health problems
B) Low SES is associated with health problems.
C) Health problems contribute to low SES
D) SES is not associated with health.

Answer 3

Health problems contribute to low SES

Question 4

According to Wood et al. (2010), which of the following formed a significant factor in their choice of family food?

A) The cost
B) Its healthiness
C) Whether it was 'filling'
D) All of the above

Question 5

According to research by Scheffler et al. (2008), the influence of social capital on risk for an acute coronary event is limited to:

A) People who do not engage in unhealthy behaviours
B) People who live in low income areas.
C) People who live in low income areas
D) Middle class individuals

Question 6

According to the AIHW (2016), people living in lowest socioeconomic areas are expected to live how many years less than those living in the wealthiest areas?

A) 1.6 years
B) 3 years
C) 5 years
D) 7 years

Question 7

According to Wilkinson,

A) Levels of social capital are low in societies where the general population is poor
B) Levels of social capital are low in societies where there are significant disparities in wealth between rich and poor
C) Social capital is low among many older people as a consequence of the death of people who have previously provided social support
D) social capital is low where geographical and social changes make it difficult for families to meet and support each other

Question 8

According to the Scottish Executive (1999), the percentage of people receiving surgical treatment (coronary artery bypass grafts) in different social groups were

A) The same across all social groups
B) Higher among people from the higher socio-economic groups
C) Higher among men but not women in the higher social groups
D) Higher among people from the lower socio-economic groups - but not as high as the disease rates would require

Question 9

Which of the following is not included in Karasek and Theorell's (1990) model of job strain?

A) Job autonomy
B) Effort-reward imbalance
C) Demands
D) Social support

Question 10

According to Siegrist, work-related stress is a function of

A) The demands and coping abilities of individual workers
B) The demands of working in different occupational environments.
C) Significant demands both at work and at home
D) An imbalance between perceived effort and rewards

Question 11

According to research reported by Ferrie et al. (2001), unemployment impacts on health as a result of:

A) Boredom leading to poor health behaviours
B) The stress associated with financial insecurity
C) Lowered self-esteem
D) All of the above

Question 12

According to Forwell (1993), as the gap between the rich and poor increases, the overall health of the population:

A) Improves as a result of improved health in the middle classes
B) Deteriorates
C) Is unchanged
D) None of the above

Question 13

Which is not included in the determinants of health differences between people from ethnic minorities and the majority population:

A) The stress associated with racial discrimination and/or integration within wider society
B) The association between minority status and low SES
C) The differences in access to health care
D) The differences in birth weight

Question 14

According to Ziersch et al.,(2011), poor mental health is particularly high amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who experience _______

A) Unemployment
B) Racism
C) Poverty
D) Chronic health conditions

Question 15

According to the AIHW (2002) migrants can sometimes also have better outcomes than those native born is known as the:

A) 'Profound effect'
B) 'Spillover effect'
C) 'Healthy migrant effect'
D) This is not a real effect

Question 16

What is the relative risk of a man dying prematurely of coronary heart disease in comparison to a woman in Australia?

A) 3.83 times
B) Women are more likely to die from heart disease prematurely
C) They have the same risk
D) 3.55 times

Question 17

Recent evidence suggests the role of stress hormones in the development of coronary heart disease. But why do men and women differ in the amount of stress hormones they experience in response to stress

A) The result of men experiencing more stressful experiences and experience more challenge
B) Fundamental physiological differences between men and women
C) They do not differ in their response
D) The protective benefits of female sex hormones

Question 18

Men go to the doctor more than women because

A) They experience more sickness earlier in their lives than women
B) They engage in more health damaging behaviours than women
C) They are more alert to the early signs of illness than women
D) The premise of the question is wrong-women see their doctor more frequently than men

Question 19

Which gender is most influenced by adverse socio-economic factors?

A) Men-because they have poor social support
B) Women-because they are vulnerable to disrupted social networks and poor pay
C) Men-because they have to work more overtime to reduce the economic burden
D) Both women and men equally

Question 20

In Australia, women are expected to live _______ years longer than men

A) 2.5 years
B) 6 years
C) 4 years
D) Men and women have the same life expectancy in Australia