Deck 2: Drug Action and Handling

Question 1

The distribution of a drug is determined by:

A) blood flow to the organ.
B) presence of certain barriers.
C) plasma protein-binding capacity.
D) solubility of the drug.
E) all of the above.

Answer 1

all of the above.

Question 2

Which of the following choices is the process by which a substance is transported against a concentration gradient?

A) Passive transfer
B) Active transport
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Filtration

Answer 2

Active transport

Question 3

When the acidity of the tissue increases, as in instances of infection, the effect of a local anesthetic decreases; therefore, the local anesthetic is a weak acid.

A) Both parts of the statement are true.
B) Both parts of the statement are false.
C) The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false.
D) The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true.

Answer 3

The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false.

Question 4

A drug is defined as a biologically active substance that can modify:

A) the environment.
B) the pH of tissue.
C) cellular function.
D) immune response.

Question 5

One dose of a drug is administered that has a half-life of 8 hours. Assuming first-order kinetics, how much time is needed for this drug to be over 96% eliminated from the body?

A) 8 hours
B) 40 hours
C) 60 hours
D) 120 hours

Question 6

The movement of a drug from one site in the body to other sites is called:

A) distribution.
B) disruption.
C) dispersion.
D) active transport.

Question 7

The half-life of a drug is most related to its:

A) onset.
B) duration.
C) safety.
D) time to peak concentration.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding basic principles of drug distribution in the bloodstream?

A) All drugs in the blood are either bound to plasma proteins or free.
B) Only the drug that is bound to plasma proteins can exert the pharmacologic effect.
C) Only the drug that is bound to plasma proteins can pass across cell membranes.
D) The free drug is a reservoir for the drug.

Question 9

If one dose of a drug is administered and the drug's half-life in the body is 3 hours, what percentage of the drug would be left after four half-lives?

A) 50%
B) 6.25%
C) 2%
D) Insufficient information to determine

Question 10

A noncompetitive antagonist:

A) binds to the same receptor site as the binding site for the agonist.
B) causes a shift to the right in the dose-response curve.
C) enhances the maximal response of the agonist.
D) reduces the maximal response of the agonist.

Question 11

Drugs that are weak electrolytes will cross body membranes best when they are (1)nonionized, (2)ionized, (3)polar, (4)nonpolar, (5)lipid soluble, (6)water soluble.

A) 1, 3, 5
B) 1, 3, 6
C) 1, 4, 5
D) 1, 4, 6
E) 2, 4, 5

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mechanism of action of drugs?

A) Drugs are capable of imparting a new function to the organism.
B) Drugs either produce the same action as an exogenous agent or block the action of an exogenous agent.
C) Drugs either produce the same action as an exogenous agent or block the action of an endogenous agent.
D) Drugs either produce the same action as an endogenous agent or block the action of an endogenous agent.

Question 13

In comparing two drugs, the dose-response curve for the drug that is more efficacious would:

A) be closer to the y axis.
B) be farther from the y axis.
C) have a greater curve height.
D) have a higher median effective dose (ED₅₀).

Question 14

Which of the following statements is (are)true concerning passage across body membranes?

A) The membrane lipids make the membrane relatively permeable to ions and polar molecules.
B) The lipid molecules orient themselves so that they form a fluid bimolecular leaflet structure with the hydrophobic ends of the molecules shielded from the surrounding aqueous environment.
C) Membrane carbohydrates make up the structural components of the membrane and help move the molecules across the membrane during the transport process.
D) Both a and b are true.
E) Both b and c are true.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a subject of pharmacokinetics?

A) Physiologic action of drugs
B) Metabolism of drugs
C) Elimination of drugs
D) Absorption of drugs

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding the therapeutic index (TI)of a drug?

A) A drug with a large TI is more dangerous than a drug with a small TI.
B) The formula for TI is ED₅₀/LD₅₀ .
C) ED₅₀ is 50% of the effective clinical dose.
D) TI is the ratio of the median lethal dose to the median effective dose.

Question 17

When a drug has affinity for a receptor and produces no effect, it is called a(n):

A) agonist.
B) competitive antagonist.
C) competitive agonist.
D) physiologic agonist.

Question 18

Increasing the pH of a solution will cause:

A) a greater percentage of a weak base in the solution to be in the ionized form.
B) a greater percentage of a weak acid in the solution to be in the un-ionized form.
C) the hydrogen ion concentration to increase.
D) a greater percentage of a weak base in the solution to be in the un-ionized form.
E) no change in the relative ionization of weak acids or weak bases.

Question 19

Administering a drug of greater potency is better because drugs of greater potency do not require as high a dose.

A) Both parts of the statement are true.
B) Both parts of the statement are false.
C) The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false.
D) The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true.

Question 20

When different drugs compete for the same receptor sites, the drug with the stronger affinity for the receptor will bind to:

A) more receptors than the drug with the weaker affinity.
B) fewer receptors than the drug with the weaker affinity.
C) all of the available receptors.
D) none of the available receptors.

Question 21

If redistribution occurs between specific sites and nonspecific sites, a drug's action will be:

A) prolonged.
B) extended.
C) decreased.
D) terminated.

Question 22

Which organ is involved in the first-pass effect after oral administration of a drug?

A) Kidney
B) Lungs
C) Liver
D) Spleen

Question 23

If a drug displays zero-order elimination kinetics:

A) elimination increases as the dose of the drug is increased.
B) a constant amount is eliminated per unit time.
C) the drug is not eliminated and is retained in the body.
D) the elimination of the drug cannot be predicted mathematically.

Question 24

Drug preparations may be administered for local or systemic effects. Which is an example of a dose form used for a local effect?

A) Sublingual tablet
B) Transdermal patch
C) Ophthalmic ointment
D) Subcutaneous injection

Question 25

Which of the following processes in the kidney can result in retention of a drug in the body?

A) Glomerular filtration
B) Active tubular secretion
C) Passive tubular diffusion
D) All of the above

Question 26

The metabolite formed during metabolism (biotransformation)is usually _____ polar and _____ lipid soluble than its parent compound.

A) more; more
B) more; less
C) less; more
D) less; less

Question 27

What of the following choices is considered the safest, least expensive, and most convenient route for administering drugs?

A) Inhalation
B) Rectal
C) Oral
D) Subcutaneous

Question 28

What type of administration involves the injection of solutions into the spinal subarachnoid space?

A) Intrathecal route
B) Intraperitoneal route
C) Intravenous route
D) Intradermal route

Question 29

An enteral route of administration would be:

A) intravenous.
B) oral.
C) sublingual.
D) transdermal.

Question 30

All of the following choices are true with regard to cytochrome P-450 hepatic microsomal enzymes except that they:

A) can be induced to speed up drug metabolism.
B) can be inhibited to slow down drug metabolism.
C) exist as numerous isoenzymes.
D) inactivate drugs through conjugation reactions.

Question 31

Enterohepatic circulation of a drug involves the secretion of a metabolized drug into the intestine. If enterohepatic circulation is blocked, the level of the drug in the serum will fall.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

Question 32

Application of a transdermal patch is an example of parenteral administration because the drug is delivered in a manner that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract.

A) Both parts of the statements are true.
B) Both parts of the statements are false.
C) The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false.
D) The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true.

Question 33

A patient's perception that a pill without active ingredients is having a pharmacologic effect is termed:

A) tachyphylaxis.
B) hypersensitivity.
C) neurosis.
D) compliance.
E) placebo effect.

Question 34

The _____ is the most common site for biotransformation.

A) kidney
B) blood plasma
C) liver
D) small intestine

Question 35

What route is used to administer the tuberculosis skin test?

A) Intramuscular
B) Intradermal
C) Intravenous
D) Subcutaneous

Question 36

Which term refers to the time required for a drug to begin to have its effect?

A) First pass
B) Duration
C) Onset
D) Efficacy

Question 37

Which of the following is (are)true when tubular urine is more acid?

A) Weak acids are excreted more rapidly.
B) Weak bases are excreted more rapidly.
C) Weak acids are excreted more slowly.
D) Both a and b are true.
E) Both b and c are true.

Question 38

Advantages of oral administration of a drug include all the following except:

A) large surface area for drug absorption.
B) many different dose forms that may be administered orally.
C) more predictable response than intravenous administration.
D) the simplest way to introduce a drug into the body.

Question 39

Which of the following routes of drug administration produces the most rapid drug response?

A) Intravenous
B) Intramuscular
C) Subcutaneous
D) Intradermal

Question 40

Which of the following reactions is considered to be in the category of phase II drug metabolism?

A) Conjugation
B) Reduction
C) Hydrolysis
D) Oxidation

Question 41

If a drug is a weak base that is excreted via the kidneys, then acidifying the urine will enhance its excretion.

Question 42

A prodrug is an inactive drug compound that becomes transformed into an active drug compound.

Question 43

The need for an increasingly larger dose of a drug to obtain the same effects as the original dose is:

A) drug dependency.
B) insufficiency.
C) drug tolerance.
D) craving.

Question 44

The route of administration of a drug affects both the onset and duration of response.

Question 45

Drugs, after undergoing phase I drug metabolism, are more likely to be distributed to fat tissue.

Question 46

Which of the following statements are true regarding drug-receptor interactions? (Select all that apply.)

A) Drug receptors appear to consist of many large molecules that exist either on the cell membrane or within the cell itself.
B) A specific drug will usually bind with a specific receptor in a lock-and-key fashion.
C) Only a single receptor type is found at the site of action.
D) The energy formed by a drug-receptor interaction is very strong and the bond is difficult to break.