Deck 8: International Cooperation: International Organizations, Alliances, and Coalitions

Question 1

The multinational coalition that expelled Iraq from Kuwait in 1991 was led by

A) Britain.
B) the UN Secretary General.
C) the United States.
D) NATO.

Answer 1

the United States.

Question 2

OPEC

A) includes members from Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East.
B) was formed as a cartel in the late 1970s by European states to combat high oil prices.
C) is led by the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
D) is composed exclusively of Arab oil-exporting states.

Answer 2

includes members from Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East.

Question 3

Diplomatic bargaining is needed

A) in peacetime among allies.
B) in war among allies.
C) between or among adversaries in efforts to end wars.
D) all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

To be sustained over time, international cooperation likely would be based on any of the following EXCEPT

A) an agenda that brings states together to defend themselves against other states.
B) a program that relies primarily on the altruist or charitable motives of states.
C) a perceived ability for states to benefit economically.
D) a state?s inability to stand alone on a given issue.

Question 5

International cooperation likely comes from any of the following EXCEPT

A) collaboration dictated or directed by international courts.
B) patterned in accordance with customary established ways of interacting.
C) formally organized as in international organizations and alliances.
D) informally organized as in coalitions that form from time to time.

Question 6

International regimes

A) are based on agreed upon norms or rules.
B) have so far been ineffectual.
C) by their very nature cannot involve nongovernmental organizations.
D) were more prominent in the first half of the twentieth century than the second half.

Question 7

This organization was absorbed by the European Union

A) OECD.
B) CACM.
C) AU.
D) WEU.

Question 8

This country is not a member of NAFTA

A) United States.
B) Mexico.
C) Canada.
D) Chile.

Question 9

The advantages or benefit from joining alliances include

A) spreading the burden of the costs of defense.
B) the requirement to consult coalition members before taking action.
C) quicker decision making than taking action alone.
D) the ease of developing agreement on means and goals.

Question 10

World federalists typically

A) think the anarchy of the international system cannot be overcome.
B) take an incremental approach to increasing international cooperation and the rule of law.
C) are extreme in their demand for moving quickly to world government.
D) are satisfied because they already have achieved most of their goals.

Question 11

Most alliances now are

A) designed for peacemaking.
B) defensive.
C) offensive.
D) economic.

Question 12

The alliance created in 1949 to deter Soviet aggression and assure American commitment to European defense was the

A) Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
B) Council of Europe.
C) Western European Union (WEU).
D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

Question 13

NATO

A) currently has fewer than ten members.
B) was a product of the Cold War.
C) does not include Germany as a member.
D) has no real importance now that the Cold War is over.

Question 14

When the costs of maintaining an organization are not equally distributed with some members not contributing their ?fair share? the organization is said to have a(an) problem.

A) distribution.
B) organizational.
C) financial.
D) free-rider.

Question 15

The essential idea of collective security is that

A) all law-abiding states should join together to take action against the one that has committed aggression and thus is in violation international law.
B) collective defense is achieved through alliances and the balance of power.
C) universal concern and membership in human rights organizations promote peace.
D) multilateralism is the only viable way to conduct international relations.

Question 16

The League of Nations institutionalized

A) collective defense.
B) collective security.
C) defensive security based on universal membership.
D) peacekeeping.

Question 17

President Woodrow Wilson of the United States

A) was the founder of the League of Nations in 1920.
B) withdrew the United States from the League of Nations.
C) supported American membership in the League of Nations.
D) was the founder of the United Nations.

Question 18

The United Nations addresses international security through

A) collective defense alone.
B) collective security alone.
C) only collective security and collective defense.
D) collective security, collective defense, and preventive diplomacy.

Question 19

One major United Nations-sponsored military operation that began in 1950 occurred when

A) the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia.
B) North Korea invaded South Korea.
C) Greeks and Turks engaged in conflict over Cyprus.
D) the United States intervened in the Dominican Republic.

Question 20

On international matters of war and peace, this is the most powerful UN institution

A) General Assembly.
B) Secretariat.
C) Trusteeship Council.
D) Security Council.

Question 21

The U.N. Charter allows states to defend themselves

A) only if they do so unilaterally.
B) only if they consult the Security Council before committing military forces.
C) whether independently or in collaboration with other states.
D) or use force for other purposes since the Charter does not specifically address the issue.

Question 22

The Council of Europe, AU, ASEAN, and OSCE are

A) regional organizations.
B) primarily collective security organizations.
C) non-governmental organizations.
D) organizations that have economic welfare as their primary purpose.

Question 23

Problems with collective security include all of the following EXCEPT

A) a question of whether it encourages peace or only works once peace is established.
B) there may be a gap between what is promised and what is delivered by member states.
C) it may imply a commitment to the status quo that all may not favor.
D) it never has been tried so we can?t really assess its problems.

Question 24

Collective security and collective defense arrangements

A) are rarely if ever supportive of U.S. interests.
B) benefited the United States after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
C) the least important organizations to which the United States belongs.
D) are irrelevant to U.S. national security interests.

Question 25

UN peacekeeping

A) did not take place during the Cold War.
B) has forces that are often small and unarmed (or lightly armed).
C) has not yet been used in the Middle East.
D) had one of its greatest successes in Somalia in the early 1990s.

Question 26

Multilateralism refers to

A) working jointly with other states on international issues.
B) working on international issues on a level playing field.
C) handing off international issues to an international organization.
D) working on more than one international issue at a time.

Question 27

The ?free rider? concept refers to a situation in which

A) collective security is equally enjoyed by all members of an alliance.
B) during World War I, French troops had to utilize taxi cabs, private vehicles, and free public transportation systems to get to the front lines.
C) a state may benefit from the security provided by an alliance despite paying less than its fair share.
D) the cost of joining an alliance is virtually nothing as the major alliance partners already pay for most of the cost.

Question 28

NATO?s headquarters are located in

A) Washington, D.C.
B) London, England.
C) Paris, France.
D) Brussels, Belgium.

Question 29

The concept of ?functionalism? (and neo-functionalism) are most closely associated with

A) David Mitrany and Ernst Haas.
B) Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt.
C) Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye.
D) Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin.

Question 30

Troops from NATO countries were used to help expel Iraq from Kuwait in 1991.

Question 31

There are still no international organizations exclusively based in North America.

Question 32

The African Union has the most members of any international organization in Africa.

Question 33

World federalists want one single world government to make decisions for all of humanity regardless of whether people want that or not.

Question 34

The head of NATO?s military forces always has been an American general.

Question 35

Collective security is a concept that was not developed until after World War II.

Question 36

Each member country of the United Nations is also a member of the General Assembly.

Question 37

The UN successfully avoided any involvement in Korea in the early 1950s.

Question 38

UN peacekeepers have never been deployed in Europe.

Question 39

Distinguish between collective security and collective defense.

Question 40

Some people argue that diplomacy and peacemaking efforts do not depend on good will; i.e., that hard-headed Realpolitik efforts are also essential to these activities. Do you agree or disagree? Why?

Question 41

List the major similarities and differences between the League of Nations and the United Nations. Which of those differences do you believe represent significant improvement?

Question 42

Of the following-peacemaking, peace enforcement, and peace keeping-which is the most important? Which has the highest financial cost? Why?

Question 43

Should the United States maintain a military presence in Europe? Why or why not? What is the future of NATO and American participation in this alliance?

Question 44

What are the major institutional ʺorgansʺ of the United Nations? Which is the most powerful, and why? What powers does the UN have to foster peace in the world? What factors limit its abilities in that regard?

Question 45

What was the nature of international cooperation during the 1990 -1991 Gulf War? How effective was this cooperation?

Question 46

What is the difference between functionalism and neo-functionalism? What do they try to explain? How would a realist critique the logic of functionalism and neo -functionalism?

Question 47

Based on the North Atlantic Treaty and the United Nations Charter, what is the legal or formal relation between NATO and the UN? In practice, how are the two international organizations related in the performance of their tasks?

Question 48

ʺInternational organizations -whether the UN, NATO, World Bank, WTO, IMF or whatever-are no more than the playgrounds of major powers who use these multilateral institutions to advance their own interests-often at the expense of less-powerful countries.ʺ Defend or refute
this statement.