Deck 10: General Anesthetics

Question 1

Nitrous oxide cylinders are _____ and oxygen cylinders are _____: (1)red, (2)green, (3)blue, (4)orange, and (5)tan.

A) 1, 2
B) 3, 2
C) 2, 4
D) 3, 4
E) 3, 5

Answer 1

3, 2

Question 2

Which of the following dental specialists is most likely to use general anesthetic drugs in their offices?

A) Prosthodontist
B) Endodontist
C) Oral and maxillofacial surgeon
D) Orthodontist
E) Pediatric dentist

Answer 2

Oral and maxillofacial surgeon

Question 3

Recovery from a single intravenous dose of thiopental (sodium pentothal)is the result of:

A) drug excretion.
B) drug redistribution.
C) drug metabolism.
D) enzyme induction.

Answer 3

drug redistribution.

Question 4

The average percentage of nitrous oxide required for patient comfort is:

A) 10%.
B) 25%.
C) 35%.
D) 50%.

Question 5

Which of the following intravenous general anesthetic agents can be administered intramuscularly (IM)?

A) Methohexital (Brevital)
B) Ketamine (Ketalar)
C) Diazepam (Valium)
D) Propofol (Diprivan)

Question 6

Which of the following general anesthetic agents was introduced in the middle 1800s and led to a dramatic reduction in surgically related mortality?

A) Propofol
B) Isoflurane
C) Ether
D) Nitrous oxide

Question 7

Nitrous oxide, as used in the dental office, maintains the patient in stage _____ of Guedel's system of stages and planes.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 8

Diffusion hypoxia may occur if insufficient 100% oxygen is delivered at the termination of a nitrous oxide procedure because:

A) the lungs are insufficiently inflated.
B) the loss of carbon dioxide could decrease ventilation.
C) nitrous oxide is highly soluble in blood.
D) nitrous oxide has a slow onset and recovery.

Question 9

A patient for whom nitrous oxide is to be administered should be warned to avoid eating a large meal within _____ hours of the appointment.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 10

The greatest danger in using nitrous oxide for analgesia is:

A) hyperventilation.
B) a gas embolus.
C) oxygen deprivation.
D) cardiac arrhythmias.
E) foreign body aspiration.

Question 11

Which of the following effects is not a characteristic of the action of ketamine?

A) Produces "dissociative" anesthesia
B) Causes xerostomia
C) Increases cardiac output
D) Causes recovery associated with delirium and hallucinations

Question 12

According to Guedel's description of the stages and planes of anesthesia, the induction period refers to stage:

A) I.
B) II.
C) I and II.
D) I, II, and III.
E) None of the above are correct.

Question 13

The loss of respiratory control (i.e., diminished carbon dioxide response, paralysis of intercostal muscles)first occurs during which of Guedel's stages of anesthesia?

A) Stage I
B) Stage II
C) Stage III
D) Stage IV

Question 14

Nitrous oxide has _____ onset and _____ solubility in blood.

A) rapid; high
B) rapid; low
C) slow; high
D) slow; low

Question 15

Which of the following is the major disadvantage of the use of opioids as an adjunctive drug to general anesthesia in preanesthetic medication?

A) Hypertensive crisis
B) Respiratory depression
C) Hallucinations
D) Salivary stimulation

Question 16

The best indicator of the degree of sedation under nitrous oxide is:

A) response to a painful stimulus.
B) percent nitrous oxide being delivered.
C) response to questions.
D) muscle tone.
E) eye movements.

Question 17

Nitrous oxide combined with oxygen (N₂O/O₂)has become a primary part of dental office _____ procedures.

A) anxiety reduction
B) general anesthesia
C) sleep apnea
D) bruxism

Question 18

The following are characteristics of propofol except which one?

A) Rapid onset of action
B) Produces little vomiting
C) Undergoes phase II metabolism in the liver
D) Intravenous anesthetic
E) Structurally related to barbiturates

Question 19

Nitrous oxide has been shown to reduce the activity of methionine synthetase, the enzyme involved with the function of which vitamin?

A) Vitamin B₁
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin B₆
D) Folic acid
E) Vitamin B₁₂

Question 20

At the termination of a N₂O/O₂ sedation procedure, the patient should be placed on 100% oxygen for at least _____ minutes.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 8
D) 11

Question 21

To prevent diffusion hypoxia, patients should be given 100% oxygen for 5 minutes after treatment with nitrous oxide.

Question 22

Which of the following statements are true about volatile general anesthetics? (Select all that apply.)

A) They are liquids that evaporate easily at room temperature.
B) They are classified as halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers.
C) They are known to have good solubility in body tissues.
D) They are administered intravenously (IV).

Question 23

Nitrous oxide has amnestic qualities.

Question 24

Which of the following are types of intravenous general anesthetics? (Select all that apply.)

A) Opioids
B) Enflurane
C) Etomidate
D) Isoflurane
E) Propofol

Question 25

Which of the following are true of etomidate? (Select all that apply.)

A) It is a halogenated hydrocarbon for general anesthesia.
B) It is used for induction of general anesthesia.
C) It can cause adrenal suppression.
D) It produces dissociative anesthesia.

Question 26

Nitrous oxide is contraindicated for use in a patient with which of the following conditions?

A) Diabetes
B) Emphysema
C) Hypertension
D) Glaucoma
E) None of the above

Question 27

What are the goals of surgical anesthesia? (Select all that apply.)

A) Good patient control
B) Adequate muscle relaxation
C) Reduced respiratory rate
D) Reduced cardiac output
E) Pain relief

Question 28

The more soluble the anesthetic is in body tissues, the more rapid the onset and recovery will be.

Question 29

Which inhalational agent has a pungent smell and can cause respiratory acidosis with deeper levels of anesthesia?

A) Isoflurane
B) Halothane
C) Enflurane
D) Sevoflurane
E) Nitrous oxide

Question 30

Which of the following are benzodiazepines that are used for conscious sedation and preanesthetic medication prior to general anesthesia? (Select all that apply.)

A) Diazepam (Valium)
B) Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
C) Midazolam (Versed)
D) Methohexital sodium (Brevital)

Question 31

Nitrous oxide is a complete anesthetic.

Question 32

Which of the following types of agents is used during balanced general anesthesia to help the patient pass from stage I to stage III and skip over the signs of stage II?

A) Ketamine
B) Propofol
C) Ultrashort-acting IV barbiturate
D) Opioids

Question 33

The less soluble the anesthetic is in body tissues, the more rapid the _____. (Select all that apply.)

A) onset
B) breathing rate
C) heart rate
D) recovery

Question 34

Approximately 15% of halothane is metabolized in the liver, and these metabolites have been suggested as a cause of renal damage.

A) Both parts of the statement are true.
B) Both parts of the statement are false.
C) The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false.
D) The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true.

Question 35

Patients should be instructed to fast before a dental procedure using nitrous oxide.