Deck 19: Drugs for the Treatment of Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

In status asthmaticus, patients have persistent life-threatening:

A) tachycardia.
B) stomach ulcers.
C) bronchospasm.
D) electrolyte imbalance.

Answer 1

bronchospasm.

Question 2

Which of the following groups of medications are considered first-line treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A) b-adrenergic agonists
B) Anticholinergics
C) Methylxanthines
D) Leukotriene (LT)antagonists

Answer 2

Anticholinergics

Question 3

Which of the following respiratory diseases is associated with irreversible airway obstruction?

A) Asthma
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Emphysema
D) Both a and b
E) Both b and c

Answer 3

Both b and c

Question 4

Asthma may be precipitated by (1)allergens, (2)exercise, (3)stress.

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 1, 2
C) 1, 3
D) 2, 3

Question 5

Which of the following statements represents the primary disadvantage of the use of metered dose inhalers (MDIs)?

A) The inhaled dose cannot be properly measured.
B) They are difficult to use properly, and they can be abused.
C) The onset of action is unpredictable.
D) The bronchodilator effect is less than that of a comparable oral dose.

Question 6

Albuterol is a bronchodilator that can be administered via a metered dose inhaler (MDI). It is recommended in prophylactically treating (preventing)chronic asthma.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Question 7

The drive for ventilation is stimulated by a(n)_____ in the partial pressure of _____ in the normal person.

A) depression; carbon dioxide (PaCO₂)
B) elevation; carbon dioxide (PaCO₂)
C) depression; oxygen (PaO₂)
D) elevation; oxygen (PaO₂)

Question 8

Leukotriene modifiers are used to manage patients with _____ that is not controlled by b₂-agonists and corticosteroid inhibitors.

A) emphysema
B) asthma
C) chronic bronchitis
D) acute bronchitis

Question 9

Which one of the following recommendations would you not make to your patients with asthma?

A) Bring your inhaler (albuterol)to the dental appointment.
B) Rinse after using your corticosteroid inhaler.
C) Avoid erythromycin.
D) Avoid aspirin.
E) Avoid acetaminophen.

Question 10

Asthma is characterized by _____ airway obstruction and is associated with reduction in _____ airflow.

A) reversible; inspiratory
B) reversible; expiratory
C) irreversible; inspiratory
D) irreversible; expiratory

Question 11

Which one of the following drugs can result in oral candidiasis?

A) Fluticasone
B) Phenytoin
C) Acetaminophen
D) Metoprolol
E) Omeprazole

Question 12

Patients with asthma should bring their fast-acting _____ inhaler to be used prophylactically or in the management of an acute asthmatic attack in the dental office.

A) a-agonist
B) B₁-agonist
C) B₁-antagonist
D) B₂-agonist
E) B₂-antagonist

Question 13

The ventilation of a patient with COPD is driven by a(n):

A) increase in PaO₂.
B) decrease in PaO₂.
C) increase in PaCO₂.
D) decrease in PaCO₂.

Question 14

Patients with _____ asthma experience symptoms less than two times a month, and the symptoms do not interfere with normal activity.

A) intermittent
B) mild persistent
C) moderate persistent
D) severe persistent

Question 15

Which of the following agents prevents the antigen-induced release of histamine from sensitized mast cells?

A) Leukotriene (LT)modifiers
B) Corticosteroids
C) Cromolyn
D) Methylxanthines
E) Anti-IgE antibodies

Question 16

Which of the following drugs is the most effective long-term treatment for control of symptoms in all patients with mild, moderate, or severe persistent asthma?

A) LT modifiers
B) Cromolyn
C) Long-acting B₂-agonists
D) Theophylline
E) Corticosteroids

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of leukotrienes (LTs)?

A) LTs produce bronchodilation and decreased bronchial hyperreactivity.
B) LTs are produced by cells of inflammation.
C) LTs produce increased secretion of mucus and mucosal edema.
D) Both a and b are true.
E) Both b and c are true.

Question 18

If a patient with COPD is given oxygen and the PaO₂ rises, the stimulant to breathing is:

A) markedly stimulated.
B) slightly stimulated.
C) slightly depressed.
D) removed.

Question 19

Which of the following drugs used to treat respiratory diseases carries a black box warning about a higher risk of asthma-related deaths as a result of a high number of asthma-related deaths reported with salmeterol therapy during a clinical trial?

A) Mast cell degranulation inhibitors
B) Anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE)antibodies
C) Short-acting B₂-agonist
D) Long-acting B₂-agonist

Question 20

The first line of treatment for intermittent asthma is a:

A) short-acting B₂-adrenergic agonist.
B) long-acting B₂-adrenergic agonist.
C) corticosteroid.
D) mast cell degranulation inhibitor.
E) methylxanthine.

Question 21

Orally inhaled corticosteroids produce an immediate benefit in an acute asthma attack.

Question 22

A spacer is often placed between the metered dose inhaler and the mouth to decrease the amount of drug delivered to the lungs.

Question 23

_____ is a concern when administering local anesthetics with sulfiting agents as a preservative for the vasoconstrictor.

A) Tardive dyskinesia
B) Bronchoconstriction
C) Tachycardia
D) Emesis

Question 24

A significant drug interaction occurs between theophylline and _____ that can result in toxic serum levels of theophylline.

A) aspirin
B) erythromycin
C) nifedipine
D) clomiphene

Question 25

_____ is the least toxic of all asthma medications.

A) Omalizumab
B) Cromolyn
C) Theophylline
D) Fluticasone
E) Zileuton

Question 26

One common mistake that many asthmatics make is to rely on their albuterol inhaler and omit using their steroid inhaler.

Question 27

Pseudoephedrine, _____ agonist, is used systemically as a nasal decongestant.

A) an a-adrenergic
B) a b-adrenergic
C) an a-adrenergic and b-adrenergic
D) neither an a-adrenergic nor a b-adrenergic

Question 28

Which of the following medications is used to treat persistent asthma and the bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema?

A) Theophylline
B) Ipratropium
C) Omalizumab
D) Cromolyn

Question 29

Nonchlorinated hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)propellants do not deplete the ozone layer.

Question 30

Researchers have suggested that oxygen be limited to less than 3 L/min for patients with severe COPD.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true of omalizumab (Xolair)?

A) It is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody.
B) It prevents IgE from binding to mast cells and basophils.
C) It is administered by inhalation.
D) Both a and b are true.
E) Both b and c are true.

Question 32

The drug of first choice for emphysema is:

A) albuterol.
B) zileuton.
C) theophylline.
D) beclomethasone.
E) ipratropium.