Deck 24: Emergency Drugs

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true concerning treatment for a patient who is hyperventilating?

A) Opioid analgesics or diazepam will resolve the situation.
B) The treatment is calm reassurance.
C) Steroids and aminophylline may be administered.
D) Parenteral epinephrine is the drug of choice.

Answer 1

The treatment is calm reassurance.

Question 2

The patient with hypoglycemia has a _____ pulse and _____ respiration.

A) rapid; increased
B) rapid; decreased
C) slow; increased
D) slow; decreased

Answer 2

rapid; decreased

Question 3

Which of the following signs is the most common emergency in the dental office?

A) Acute airway obstruction
B) Syncope
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Diabetic coma

Answer 3

Syncope

Question 4

An automated external defibrillator (AED), if administered within the first 5 minutes of cardiac arrest, can save up to _____% of persons experiencing cardiac arrest.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 70
E) 90

Question 5

Anaphylactic shock is characterized by a _____ pulse.

A) weak, rapid
B) weak, slow
C) strong, rapid
D) strong, slow

Question 6

The most common cause of hypoglycemia is:

A) stress or anxiety.
B) insufficient hydration with water.
C) an excessive dose of insulin in a patient with diabetes.
D) cardiac medication.

Question 7

All of the following actions are indicated for the management of acute airway obstruction except which one?

A) Placing the patient in a Trendelenburg position
B) Clearing the pharynx and pulling the tongue forward
C) Allowing the patient to sit upright
D) Administering the Heimlich maneuver
E) Performing cricothyrotomy

Question 8

Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)training is:

A) necessary for all staff.
B) necessary if the office is in a rural setting.
C) necessary if the office performs conscious sedation.
D) not necessary for a dentist's office.
E) none of the above.

Question 9

Which of the following is a method of preventing an emergency in the dental office?

A) Taking a complete patient history
B) Training of personnel
C) Posting the telephone numbers for the closest physician, emergency room, and ambulance service
D) Having a well-stocked and up-to-date emergency kit

Question 10

Which of the following treatment options is administered if a hypoglycemic patient lapses into unconsciousness and does not have a swallowing reflex?

A) Apple juice or an apple cut into small pieces
B) Intravenous dextrose
C) Cake icing injected by syringe into the back of the mouth
D) A dollop of peanut butter on the tongue

Question 11

Which of the following symptoms is associated with diabetic coma?

A) Decreased pulse
B) Increased appetite
C) Acetone breath
D) Cool, moist skin

Question 12

Treatment for syncope is to place patients:

A) prone on their stomach with their head tilted to one side.
B) supine with their head tilted to one side.
C) seated with their head tilted back.
D) seated with their head tilted forward.

Question 13

For an asthma attack that is unresponsive to topical b₂-agonist administration, what treatment recourse does the dental office have available?

A) Parenteral or oral aminophylline
B) Parenteral corticosteroids
C) Parenteral epinephrine
D) Inhaled oxygen

Question 14

Which of the following reasons is why the chance of an emergency occurring in the dental office continues to increase?

A) The average age of the dental patient has increased.
B) Dental offices are administering more complicated regimens.
C) Dental appointments are taking longer than they used to take.
D) Dental patients are, on average, getting sicker.
E) All of the above are reasons.

Question 15

Which of the following choices would be the correct sequence for administration of emergency drugs for anaphylactic shock: (1)albuterol, (2)parenteral epinephrine, (3)intravenous corticosteroids?

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 1, 3, 2
C) 2, 1, 3
D) 2, 3, 1
E) 3, 1, 2

Question 16

Which of the following drugs is the agent of choice for treating a drug-induced laryngospasm?

A) Aminophylline
B) Succinylcholine
C) Parenteral epinephrine
D) Diazepam

Question 17

The most important component in the treatment of syncope is:

A) placing the patient in the Trendelenburg position.
B) exhibiting confidence in action and voice.
C) administering spirits of ammonia by inhalation.
D) placing the patient's head between his or her legs.

Question 18

Symptoms that differentiate myocardial infarction from angina pectoris include:

A) heaviness in the chest.
B) pain that radiates across the chest to other parts of the body.
C) pain unrelieved by nitroglycerin.
D) rapid pulse.

Question 19

Diazepam may be administered for treatment of which of the following emergencies?

A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Seizures
D) Asthma
E) Anaphylactic shock

Question 20

Which of the following represents the correct sequence for managing an emergency according to the American Heart Association: A = Airway, B = Breathing, C = Chest compression?

A) A, B, C
B) A, C, B
C) B, A, C
D) B, C, A
E) C, A, B

Question 21

Which of the following is considered to be a Level 1: Critical Drug rather than a Level 2: Secondary Drug?

A) Atropine
B) Glucagon
C) Epinephrine
D) Diazepam

Question 22

Drugs are not necessary for the proper management of most emergencies.

Question 23

Toxic reactions to epinephrine occur most often after the placement of a gingival retraction cord. The treatment of choice is to administer an adrenergic-receptor antagonist.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 24

Which of the following are considered to be Level 1 emergency devices? (Select all that apply.)

A) Tourniquet
B) Automated external defibrillator (AED)
C) Laryngoscope
D) Endotracheal tube

Question 25

Albuterol is a short-acting b₂-adrenergic agonist that produces bronchoconstriction.

Question 26

Many dental offices will not have staff trained to use the more advanced (Level 2)emergency equipment. Without training, attempts to use the more advanced equipment may be more harmful than using simple measures.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Question 27

All of the following treatments are accepted for malignant hyperthermia, except which one?

A) Succinylcholine
B) Baths and aspirin
C) Dantrolene
D) Fluid replacement
E) Sodium bicarbonate

Question 28

Most dental offices are well equipped to treat cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 29

The drug of choice for opioid overdose is:

A) intravenous diphenhydramine.
B) prochlorperazine.
C) naloxone.
D) flumazenil.

Question 30

Tepid baths and aspirin are indicated for:

A) myocardial infarction.
B) thyroid storm.
C) acute adrenocortical insufficiency.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Question 31

Convulsions are generally self-limiting, and treatment should include protecting the patient from self-harm.

Question 32

Which of the following drugs is administered to a patient who has suffered a myocardial infarction (MI)?

A) Morphine
B) Procainamide
C) Diphenhydramine
D) Flumazenil

Question 33

The drug of choice for anaphylactic shock is sublingual or intramuscular injection of epinephrine.

Question 34

Which of the following emergency drugs is used to manage hypoglycemia in a patient with diabetes?

A) Diphenhydramine
B) Nitroglycerin
C) Albuterol
D) Glucose