Deck 4: Cultural Diversity and Globalization

Question 1

Globalization is a(an)

A) exclusively economic issue.
B) continuing process that began at least 500 years ago.
C) issue Americans have been concerned about throughout the 20^th century.
D) process that began shortly after WWII and concluded about 60 years later.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of these describes the first stage of globalization?

A) The industrial revolution resulted in the division of Asia, Africa, and Oceania into European controlled empires.
B) An integrated global economy developed following the collapse of European colonial empires.
C) The global marketing of products began.
D) Europeans conquered the Americas and established trade with Africa and Asia.

Answer 2

Europeans conquered the Americas and established trade with Africa and Asia.

Question 3

One stage of the process of globalization saw the creation of an integrated global economy. This occurred

A) during the period of exploration after 1500.
B) during the 19^th century as Europe colonized much of the world.
C) after WWII with the collapse of European empires.
D) after 1700 with the industrialization of modern societies.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The term "New World"

A) refers to the landmasses of Europe and Asia.
B) refers to the landmasses of North and South America.
C) was characterized by a large, united society.
D) can refer interchangeably to Europe or to the Americas depending on one's perspective.

Question 5

Which of the following European powers was NOT an important conqueror in the New World?

A) Spain
B) Portugal
C) England
D) Italy

Question 6

The importation of African slaves into the New World

A) resulted in the introduction of diseases that wiped out large Native American populations.
B) was only economically viable after the industrial revolution.
C) was a way of replacing expensive machinery with cheap human labor.
D) was motivated by labor shortages caused by epidemics in the New World.

Question 7

The Portuguese established a trading empire along the coast of Africa to India, China, and Japan. Many commodities were traded, but the one that became the most valuable was

A) gold.
B) ivory.
C) slaves.
D) oil.

Question 8

Which of these crops, introduced by the Portuguese, significantly increased the productivity of farming in Africa?

A) Corn and manioc
B) Peanuts and papaya
C) Sweet potatoes and pineapples
D) Cotton

Question 9

How did the situation in Asia differ from that of the Americas and Africa when the Portuguese made contact for purposes of trade?

A) Asia was self-sufficient with little interest in outside trading.
B) Unlike the Americas and Africa, Asia had little of value to offer in terms of trade.
C) The population of Asia was very small compared with that encountered in the Americas, in particular.
D) Asia lacked military might, unlike the countries in the interior of Africa.

Question 10

As a consequence of the Industrial Revolution,

A) Europe was elevated to military, political, and economic dominance in the world.
B) the economies of countries throughout the world quickly caught up to Europe's industrial economy.
C) shipping became more specialized, focusing primarily on the transportation of luxury goods.
D) Europe developed economic superiority to compensate for the military parity achieved by the rest of the world.

Question 11

By the end of the 19th century, what was the relationship between the nations of Africa and the countries of Europe?

A) The countries of Europe had effectively colonized virtually all of Africa.
B) European countries helped the independent African nations develop their resources.
C) African countries had achieved independence and were marketing products to Europe.
D) European immigrant labor was replacing local labor in African industry.

Question 12

By the end of the 19th century, what was the relationship between the nations of Asia and the countries of Europe?

A) The countries of Europe had effectively colonized virtually all of Asia.
B) European countries helped the independent Asian nations develop their resources.
C) Asian countries continued as strong independent states and were marketing products to Europe.
D) European conquest decimated the Asian population.

Question 13

During the 19^th century, which was the only Asian state to retain its autonomy from European powers?

A) China
B) India
C) Japan
D) Burma

Question 14

In what way did European colonization of Oceania resemble colonization in the Americas?

A) Few Europeans settled in these areas.
B) The native populations were severely decimated by disease and warfare.
C) The local population was enslaved to work in newly developed industries.
D) Much of the resident population was displaced by Asian workers.

Question 15

An early step in the Europeanization of much of Oceania was the English establishment of a penal colony in ____ in 1785.

A) India
B) Guam
C) Australia
D) Hawaii

Question 16

After WWII,

A) many new nations were created as former colonies won their independence.
B) the U.S. took over colonies that European countries could no longer afford to control.
C) European countries took advantage of post-war conditions to expand their empires.
D) the rate of globalization began to slow considerably.

Question 17

The establishment of an integrated global economic system was dependent on:
I. the creation of autonomous nations free to develop their own industries and resources.
II. a reduction in economic barriers to trade, such as tariffs and duties.
III. improvements in the efficiency of communication and transportation of goods.

A) I
B) I and II​
C) II and III​
D) I, II, and III​

Question 18

Today there are about how many countries in the world?

A) 60
B) 148
C) 200
D) 250

Question 19

One overall economic impact of globalization has been a(an)

A) decline in migration.
B) increase in the standard of living in the poorest countries.
C) increase in wealth inequality.
D) decline in the proliferation of multinational corporations.

Question 20

Which of the following is correct?

A) Globalization is allowing the standard of living for the poor to catch up to the rest of the developing world.
B) Tariffs have decreased over the years to allow for more trade between countries.
C) The poorest people now make over a dollar a day.
D) It is rare even for multinational corporations to seek labor from foreign countries.

Question 21

Globalization has resulted in each of the following EXCEPT:

A) increased communications via new technologies.
B) reduction in labor and cost for cargo shipments between countries.
C) dramatic cultural adaptation and cultural exchange.
D) greater wealth equality among nations.

Question 22

The global academic community

A) has become increasingly diverse.
B) has no impact on local or traditional cultural practices.
C) is dominated by non-Western scholars.
D) is as homogeneous as the global business community.

Question 23

Indigenous populations in South America, who were autonomous over their lands, were affected by European expansion in that

A) they were exploited for their labor and dispossessed of their land for resources.
B) they made excellent military support.
C) their knowledge of local plants supplied much needed medicine for European expansion.
D) they were a powerful force of militant natives that fought off the European advances.

Question 24

Among foragers and horticulturists, land

A) is communally owned and operated.
B) belongs to the person who purchased it.
C) is not an important commodity.
D) is divided between important families of the community.

Question 25

Which type of change has the most profound effect on culture?

A) migration
B) environmental
C) social
D) technological

Question 26

Which region originally domesticated potatoes and manioc?

A) South America
B) Asia
C) Mesoamerica
D) West Africa

Question 27

At the dawn of globalization, most of Europe's population consisted of

A) workers within the chivalry system.
B) specialized craftspeople and artisans.
C) self-sufficient peasants.
D) serfs trapped within a feudal system.

Question 28

In the industrial revolution, which factor was primarily responsible for the change in the world's balance of power?

A) the printing press
B) advances in economic theory
C) advances in military technology
D) advances in political philosophy

Question 29

Most (almost 90 percent) of the world's international cargo is carried by

A) wheelbarrows
B) ships
C) trucks
D) planes

Question 30

The process of globalization began more than 500 years ago.

Question 31

Historically, Europe has always been the most developed part of the world.

Question 32

The Native Americans who lived outside of direct European control were not impacted by the arrival of Europeans in the New World.

Question 33

At the time of initial contact, European impact on Asia was very minimal.

Question 34

One of the early impacts of European industrialization was a dramatic increase in the slave trade.

Question 35

The Industrial Revolution made it such that greater quantities of goods, products, and people could be moved much faster and cheaper than ever before.

Question 36

Controls on imports, such as tariffs and duties, have little impact on the creation of an integrated global economy.

Question 37

Globalization had little impact on the peoples of the developing world.

Question 38

Globalization is closing the wealth gap that exists between the rich and poor of the world.

Question 39

Members of a society can change independently or borrow knowledge from groups, thus resulting in culture change.

Question 40

Cultural change resulting from contact with other societies is generally more rapid than internally generated cultural change.

Question 41

Access to the internet within the developing world is not increasing.​

Question 42

More animals in the Americas were suitable for domestication than in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Question 43

Spanish conquistadores conquered every major indigenous American state with relative ease.

Question 44

The technological advances brought forth by the industrial revolution reduced the need for slavery.

Question 45

Briefly describe the three stages of globalization, the time periods they pertain to, and the conditions that each stage set for the emergence of a global economy.

Question 46

Explain the conditions that led to the development of the African slave trade arise. Describe how it was affected by the industrial revolution.

Question 47

Discuss how the impact of the industrial revolution was different in Sub-Saharan Africa than in Asia and the Americas.

Question 48

Explain the role of free trade and how it is achieved within an integrated global economy.

Question 49

Discuss some of the changes that took place over time in several populations regarding food, trade, subsistence, art, or technology because of cultural contact and European expansion. Consider early human history as part of your response.