Deck 4: Emotions, Stress, and Human Relations

Question 1

According to _________ psychology, our emotions are an important contribution to our survival and growth as a species.

A) humanistic
B) evolutionary
C) behaviorist
D) clinical

Answer 1

evolutionary

Question 2

Research on emotion has only recently evolved because

A) most Western European and American societies considered it bothersome.
B) scientists already understood how emotion influences behaviors.
C) most Western European and American societies considered it important.
D) research on emotion was considered unreliable.

Answer 2

most Western European and American societies considered it bothersome.

Question 3

Studies suggest the ____________ is the part of the brain linked to assessing danger in a situation.

A) amygdala
B) left hemisphere
C) right hemisphere
D) visual cortex

Answer 3

amygdala

Question 4

While hiking, Marston heard a noise in the woods. After evaluating the sound and its closeness, he determined there was no danger. What part of Marston's brain assisted him in assessing danger in this situation?

A) Left hemisphere
B) Right hemisphere
C) Broca's area
D) Amygdala

Question 5

Many studies suggest the ___________ of the brain is related to positive emotions, such as happiness.

A) left hemisphere
B) right hemisphere
C) Wernicke's area
D) amygdala

Question 6

Anxious people have more activity in their right hemisphere, suggesting this hemisphere is related to the processing of

A) happiness.
B) negative emotions.
C) positive emotions excluding happiness.
D) visual information.

Question 7

When it comes to interpreting situations, events that are meaningful to those experiencing them are called __________ events.

A) important
B) activating
C) anticipated
D) life-altering

Question 8

Alex has been in many relationships. Her partner, David, has only been in a couple. After their first fight, Alex is still very confident the couple is destined to be together, whereas David is afraid they may break up. These differences in interpretations are probably a function of differences in

A) activating events.
B) cognitive appraisal.
C) myth of causation.
D) myth of helplessness.

Question 9

Having failed his first psychology exam, Tyler anxiously awaited his grade on the second one. Again, he failed. Based on his previous performance and his interpretation of the current grade, Tyler began thinking critically about the teacher's methods, questioning techniques, etc. These types of thoughts reinforcing our interpretation of the situation are also known as

A) activating event.
B) needs.
C) cognitive appraisal.
D) self-talk.

Question 10

Often when something negative happens in our lives, we exaggerate the effects this event has on other aspects of our lives. This irrational belief is known as

A) catastrophizing.
B) overgeneralization.
C) myth of causation.
D) need for approval.

Question 11

Jessica left her homework on the bus and was forced to tell her teacher of her mistake. Before she even talked to her teacher, she assumed the missing homework would make it impossible for her to improve her grade. This is an example of which irrational belief that can influence emotions?

A) Catastrophizing
B) Overgeneralization
C) Myth of causation
D) Need for approval

Question 12

_______________ involves exaggerating the frequency of an event whereas ______________ involves exaggerating the importance of an event.

A) Myth of causation; myth of helplessness
B) Need for approval; tyranny of shoulds
C) Overgeneralization; catastrophizing
D) Catastrophizing; overgeneralization

Question 13

Hannah estimates her neighbors keep her awake three to four nights a week with their partying. In reality, it is only once or twice a month. Her overestimation of her neighbors' partying is also known as

A) catastrophizing.
B) need for approval.
C) perfectionism.
D) overgeneralization.

Question 14

One example of an irrational belief that can influence emotions is the belief that one person's emotions are the direct result of another person's actions. This is known as

A) perfectionism.
B) the myth of causation.
C) the need for approval.
D) the myth of helplessness.

Question 15

Ethan's mom becomes angry at her son because, once again, he didn't make his bed. She yells, "You make me so angry!" This statement is most related to which irrational belief that contributes to emotions?

A) Perfectionism
B) The need for approval
C) The myth of causation
D) Catastrophizing

Question 16

According to Ellis (1958), one irrational belief that is a major cause of depression and anxiety is

A) catastrophizing.
B) need for approval.
C) myth of causation.
D) perfectionism.

Question 17

The belief that you are okay only if everyone else approves of you is an example of which irrational belief?

A) Overgeneralization
B) Catastrophizing
C) Myth of helplessness
D) Need for approval

Question 18

Marsten is not comfortable with herself unless everyone approves of her. Marsten is experiencing which irrational belief?

A) Myth of helplessness
B) Overgeneralization
C) Need for approval
D) Perfectionism

Question 19

Belief that other people, or the world in general, ought to think and act in a way that fits your own belief system is also known as

A) myth of causation.
B) tyranny of shoulds.
C) tyranny of musts.
D) overgeneralization.

Question 20

Isabella believes her daughter Amy should quit her job and take care of her daughter at home the same way she did when Amy was born. As a result, she constantly suggests that now is the time for Amy to be at home. Isabella's irrational expectation that Amy should act in the same way she did is known as

A) myth of causation.
B) rationalization.
C) overgeneralization.
D) tyranny of shoulds.

Question 21

Nicholas believes that if he works hard and makes a good impression during the interview, he will get the job he wants. Later, he found out that the interviewer's nephew "earned" the job instead. Nicholas' belief that life should turn out the way he wants is an example of

A) myth of causation.
B) rationalization.
C) overgeneralization.
D) tyranny of shoulds.

Question 22

Expecting yourself to be the best in tasks, relationships, communications, or other goals is also known as

A) tyranny of shoulds.
B) overgeneralization.
C) perfectionism.
D) myth of helplessness.

Question 23

Christopher is so concerned about the quality of his writing he finds it difficult to complete a paragraph. Which irrational belief is interfering with his ability to write?

A) Tyranny of shoulds
B) Perfectionism
C) Overgeneralization
D) Catastrophizing

Question 24

One way to avoid the trap of perfectionism when you struggle with a task involves

A) taking action.
B) complaining.
C) thinking about what you are bad at and focus more attention on that.
D) overlooking the problem.

Question 25

When we assume we are stuck in a bad situation and cannot do anything about it, we are falling for

A) the tyranny of shoulds.
B) overgeneralization.
C) catastrophizing.
D) the myth of helplessness.

Question 26

Justin is very frustrated he is scheduled to work on a day he usually has off. Rather than ask someone to trade shifts with him, he complains about his boss and the unfairness of the situation. Justin's assumption that he is stuck in also known as

A) the myth of causality.
B) the myth of helplessness.
C) overgeneralization.
D) perfectionism.

Question 27

The tyranny of shoulds leads to which two related irrational beliefs?

A) Catastrophizing; Overgeneralization
B) Need for approval; Overgeneralization
C) Overgeneralization; Tyranny of shoulds
D) Perfectionism; The myth of helplessness

Question 28

One of the major ways to distinguish between "sadness" and "depression" involves

A) why people are upset.
B) the support system available.
C) whether people talk about their emotions.
D) the length of time one experiences the emotion.

Question 29

___________ is the most widespread psychological disorder in our society.

A) Schizophrenia
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Catatonia
D) Depression

Question 30

Although it can be hard to distinguish between depression and sadness, doctors often use __________ and

A) gender; expectations.
B) irrational beliefs; hallucinations.
C) duration; intensity.
D) delusions; well-being.

Question 31

Compared to a normal person, a depressed person is

A) able to see him- or herself get better.
B) unable to see him- or herself get better.
C) more energetic.
D) clearly able to solve problems.

Question 32

Depression has been linked to

A) only physiological causes.
B) only cognitive causes.
C) both physiological and cognitive causes.
D) neither physiological or cognitive causes.

Question 33

___________ therapies work to treat depression by helping the depressed understand how their thinking affects their emotions and learn to adjust their thinking and emotions.

A) Humanistic
B) Behavioral
C) Medical
D) Cognitive

Question 34

Gabriel has a hard time recognizing his strengths and feels like a failure regardless of what he does. His therapist is helping Gabriel to identify his pessimistic beliefs as well as his successes. This therapy, usually associated with Beck and Ellis, is also known as _________ therapy.

A) humanistic
B) cognitive
C) medical
D) behavioral

Question 35

An intervention for fifth and sixth graders at risk for depression taught students to identify their pessimistic beliefs, examine the evidence for and against the beliefs, and generate more realistic alternatives. Which of the following statements best describes the outcome?

A) Children in the training reported greater levels of depression at the end of the trials.
B) Children in the training reported lower levels of depression at the end of the trial and two years later.
C) Children in the training reported lower levels of depression at the end of the trial, but greater levels of depression two years later.
D) There were no differences in levels of depression across conditions.

Question 36

One of the most common recommendations by behavioral therapy to reduce low-level depression is

A) sleeping.
B) cognitive reframing.
C) socializing.
D) fasting.

Question 37

Carrie's therapist recommended she treat her low-level depression by going out with friends, visiting a museum, or renting a movie. This recommendation is also known as

A) socializing.
B) sleeping.
C) cognitive reframing.
D) construction.

Question 38

__________ is a normal human emotion that provides a signal that something is wrong.

A) Anger
B) Envy
C) Joy
D) Aggression

Question 39

___________ is an emotion; _________ is a behavior.

A) Aggression; anger
B) Sadness; depression
C) Sadness; happiness
D) Anger; aggression

Question 40

Samuel became upset when he found out his roommate, Jake, ate the last slice of pizza in the fridge. He responded by hiding Jake's algebra homework. Hiding Jake's homework in response to Jake's pizza eating is an example of

A) sadness.
B) pessimism.
C) anger.
D) aggression.

Question 41

__________ expression of anger involves expressing your anger openly toward the object of your anger.

A) Indirect
B) Direct
C) Group
D) Reciprocal

Question 42

Danielle thought her husband, Gary, was ignoring her, so she proceeded to turn off the television and immediately expressed her disdain to him. This is an example of a(n) __________ expression of anger.

A) indirect
B) direct
C) group
D) reciprocal

Question 43

_________ is to physical aggression as __________ is to expression of a problem.

A) Anger; aggression
B) Destructive; constructive
C) Constructive; destructive
D) Aggression; anger

Question 44

Instead of asking her roommate to pick up her things, Nikki accused her of being a lazy slob. Nikki's expression of anger best fits the ____________ category.

A) constructive
B) destructive
C) connective
D) factual

Question 45

Which of the following is a constructive way of expressing anger?

A) Kitchen sinking
B) Verbal aggression
C) Labeling
D) Staying focused on the issue at hand

Question 46

When telling another person what is bothering you, you throw in all of the other things the person has ever done to upset you. This destructive and direct expressions of anger is known as

A) kitchen sinking.
B) physical aggression.
C) labeling.
D) verbal aggression.

Question 47

After picking up her husband's socks for the hundredth time, Carson called him a pig and stormed out of the house. Calling him a pig is an example of which destructive and direct expression of anger?

A) Kitchen sinking
B) Physical aggression
C) Labeling
D) Catastrophizing

Question 48

____________ involves channeling your anger in a direction other than toward the object of you anger.

A) Direct expression of anger
B) Aggression
C) Kitchen sinking
D) Indirect expression of anger

Question 49

The theory that releasing pent-up hostilities will return us to a peaceful state is also known as

A) direct expression of anger.
B) anger management.
C) catharsis.
D) conflict management.

Question 50

_____________ is a form of indirect expression of anger which involves the recognition that the issue at hand may be out of your control, but your reaction to it isn't.

A) Cognitive restructuring
B) Relaxation
C) Exercise
D) Psychological detachment

Question 51

Shifting your focus to the positive aspects of the situation from the negative aspects is also known as

A) relaxation.
B) catharsis.
C) cognitive restructuring.
D) psychological detachment.

Question 52

Ethan missed the last bus into the city. Rather than getting frustrated, he accepted the fact that he missed the bus and chose to spend his evening playing video games. On which indirect expression of anger did Ethan rely?

A) Cognitive restructuring
B) Relaxation
C) Exercise
D) Psychological detachment

Question 53

Brianna forgot to pick up the dry cleaning on the way home from work. This memory lapse would normally drive her husband, Larry, crazy, but tonight, he focused instead on the great meal she prepared and her great sense of humor. Focusing on the positives of a situation instead of the negatives is known as

A) relaxation.
B) catharsis.
C) cognitive restructuring.
D) psychological detachment.

Question 54

Students entering college listed the most sought-after goal as

A) making a difference in the world.
B) being married.
C) college degree.
D) being very well off financially.

Question 55

Self-awareness is

A) managing the intensity and duration of feelings and the ability to delay gratification.
B) continuing to work toward goals despite setbacks and frustrations.
C) an ongoing attention to one's internal states.
D) feeling and understanding the emotions of another person.

Question 56

Sarah understands when she begins to get stressed and responds by taking deep breaths and drinking a cup of hot chocolate. This understanding of her internal state is also known as

A) self-awareness.
B) persistence.
C) regulating emotions.
D) self-concept.

Question 57

Being able to delay gratification is just one aspect of

A) self-awareness.
B) empathy.
C) persistence.
D) regulating emotions.

Question 58

Elizabeth continued to read her new library book despite the fact the words were difficult. This is an example of

A) regulating emotions.
B) empathy.
C) persistence.
D) self-awareness.

Question 59

_____________ refers to a state of being where we feel we are one with what we are doing.

A) Persistence
B) Empathy
C) Success
D) Flow

Question 60

Arnold has many friends who indicate he is terrific at feeling and understanding the emotions of another person. Arnold is high in

A) sympathy.
B) persistence.
C) empathy.
D) self-awareness.

Question 61

One aspect of emotional intelligence, ____________, includes the ability to organize groups, mediate conflict, and negotiate solutions.

A) sympathy
B) group empathy
C) self-awareness
D) social competencies

Question 62

________ stressors are to short term as ___________ stressors are to long term.

A) Alarm; resistance
B) Chronic; acute
C) Acute; chronic
D) Hardiness; resistance

Question 63

During the _________ phase of the general adaptation system model of stress response, our resistance level drops to a point below normal because resources have been depleted.

A) acute
B) alarm
C) resistance
D) exhaustion

Question 64

According to the general adaptation system (GAS) perspective, our ability to resist stress is highest at which stage?

A) Alarm
B) Resistance
C) Exhaustion
D) Recovery

Question 65

__________ is the feeling of arousal and resulting physiological effects of being exposed to the stressor.

A) Emotion
B) Reaction
C) Stressor
D) Stress

Question 66

Although Janet was in a hurry to get to work, she didn't interpret the fact she was late as a stressful situation. Her interpretation of the event is also known as

A) control.
B) cognitive appraisal.
C) optimism.
D) stress.

Question 67

One factor that decreases Denise's stress at work is her ability to set her own schedule. This influence Denise has on her work schedule is also known as

A) control.
B) cognitive appraisal.
C) optimism.
D) success.

Question 68

One factor that moderates Jacob's stress is his tendency to focus on the positive aspects of his situation. For example, instead of dwelling on his hour-long train commute, he uses it as an opportunity to read the paper or listen to books on his MP3 player. This is an example of

A) control.
B) cognitive appraisal.
C) optimism.
D) stress.

Question 69

A personality style composed of control, commitment, and challenge is also known as

A) extroversion.
B) optimism.
C) resistance.
D) hardiness.

Question 70

One characteristic of hardiness, challenge involves the perception that

A) new things represent unnerving possibilities.
B) one should become fully involved in whatever activity one is engaged.
C) we have control over the events in our lives.
D) new things represent exciting possibilities.

Question 71

In general, coping strategies can be separated into two categories: __________ and _________ coping.

A) person-based; situational-based
B) problem-focused; emotion-focused
C) present-focused; future-focused
D) self-based; other-based

Question 72

One way Marshall reduces stress when a deadline approaches is to only accept those projects he really likes. This inspires him to finish those projects on time. What kind of coping strategy is Marshall using?

A) Emotion focused
B) Person focused
C) Object focused
D) Problem focused

Question 73

Right before a paper is due, Sue increases the amount of time she spends meditating. After she is done, she feels fresh and ready to attack the assignment. What kind of coping strategy is Sue using?

A) Emotion focused
B) Person focused
C) Object focused
D) Problem focused

Question 74

Multiple studies on the influence of social support on stress suggest

A) those with larger support systems experience more stress.
B) those with larger support systems experience the same level of stress as individuals with smaller support systems.
C) those with larger support systems experience less stress, live longer, and are less susceptible to depression.
D) those with larger support systems have poorer coping skills.

Question 75

Collin, an AIDS patient, has many family members and friends who care for him and offer communication and mutual support. Collin is fortunate to have

A) a coping network.
B) social support.
C) stress systems.
D) stress skills.

Question 76

Research shows that the amygdala is linked to the expression of which emotion?

A) Disgust
B) Sadness
C) Anger
D) Happiness

Question 77

People with more activity in the right hemisphere of their brain have a tendency to feel more of which emotion?

A) Anxiety
B) Happiness
C) Fear
D) Sadness

Question 78

People with more activity in the left hemisphere of their brain have a tendency to feel more of which emotion?

A) Happiness
B) Anger
C) Sadness
D) Love

Question 79

Research conducted by Strack (1988) showed that when people held a pencil sideways in their teeth, they found cartoons to be funnier. Why?

A) Holding a pencil in this way was challenging.
B) Holding a pencil in this way mimicked smiling.
C) Holding a pencil in this way made study participants feel silly.
D) Holding a pencil in this way numbed the facial muscles.

Question 80

Research conducted by Havas (2010) found that people who had received Botox injections took longer to read angry and sad sentences than they did before getting the procedure. Why did this occur?

A) The Botox hurt their facial muscles.
B) The Botox altered their brain chemistry.
C) The Botox made them feel good about themselves.
D) The Botox inhibited their ability to frown.