Deck 12: Abuse of Elderly and Disabled Persons

Question 1

The abuse of Jenny by Jeff Jr. and his wife did NOT include the following?

A) Constant physical restraints.
B) Isolation and abandonment.
C) Financial exploitation.
D) Severe neglect.

Answer 1

Constant physical restraints.

Question 2

Compared with abuse of children, abuse of elders is more difficult to detect because:

A) Society is more concerned with spouse abuse.
B) Elders' misperceptions obscure the truth.
C) It is more hidden than abuse of children.
D) The injuries to elders are more superficial.

Answer 2

It is more hidden than abuse of children.

Question 3

Abuse of the elderly is likely to increase rapidly in the next few decades because the population of elders is likely to increase by about how much?

A) 34-35%
B) 52-55%
C) 75-78%
D) 98-102%

Answer 3

98-102%

Question 4

Which condition is most likely to complicate the definition of elder abuse?

A) Age requirements.
B) Failure to conduct adequate research.
C) Dependency requirements.
D) Minority status categories.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of recognized broad categories of elder abuse?

A) Sexual
B) Physical
C) Financial
D) Unsatisfactory living arrangements

Question 6

All of the following are elements of Kosberg and Garcia's (1995b) six viewpoints that promote elder abuse EXCEPT:

A) Negative attitudes toward people with disabilities.
B) Proviolence attitudes.
C) Bias in the media.
D) Sexism.

Question 7

Which of the following is a viewpoint that is LEAST likely to promote elder abuse?

A) Ageism.
B) Racial discrimination.
C) Sexism.
D) Proviolence attitudes.

Question 8

Major male characters in the middle outnumber major female characters ___% vs. ___%.

A) 73, 27
B) 60, 40
C) 87, 13
D) 95, 5

Question 9

The incidence of physical abuse _________ with age.

A) Increases
B) Declines
C) Stays the same
D) Is more frequently reported

Question 10

Which statement is TRUE of elder abuse?

A) In the United States, children are legally responsible for the care of their elder parents.
B) Over 70% of elders have children who could care for them if they would.
C) It is unclear who in society is morally responsible for elder care.
D) Moral and legal standards for elder care are reaching a consensus.

Question 11

Because of an elder's age, status, and behavior:

A) A majority of experts think most elder abuse is mutual escalating violence.
B) It is clear who is the victim and who is the perpetrator.
C) Most caretakers including adult children eventually become abusive toward elders.
D) An elder might abuse a caretaker who protectively curtails the elder's activities.

Question 12

Which of the following is LEAST likely to make it difficult to categorize elder abuse?

A) Whether the abuse occurs in a home or in an institution.
B) There is no definite age that defines when one is "elderly."
C) It may not be clear who is the victim and who is the perpetrator.
D) One does not know if a certain action(s) is done for the elder's safety or not.

Question 13

Which reason below is the LEAST likely reason that an individual elder victim is reluctant to report being abused?

A) The victim suffers from mental incapacity.
B) The victim does not recognize the abuse.
C) The victim worries about costs of moving.
D) The victim fears not being believed.

Question 14

Which is one very likely reason that an elder victim may be reluctant to report being abused?

A) He/she "learned to keep his/her mouth shut."
B) He/she feared that his/her grandchildren will go to jail.
C) He/she does not recognize that a behavior is abusive.
D) He/she has phobic fears of ever leaving his/her house.

Question 15

Based on the Klein et al. study, reporters of elderly women abuse in Rhode Island were most likely to be:

A) A family member
B) A friend/neighbor
C) The victim
D) Nursing home staff

Question 16

In Two National Elder Mistreatment Studies, the percentage of elders who self-reported emotional abuse by family members was:

A) More than 60%.
B) About 30%.
C) About 20%.
D) About 1%.

Question 17

Which type of abuse was most often received, investigated, and substantiated by APS?

A) Emotional
B) Sexual
C) Financial
D) Self-neglect

Question 18

In 2001, what were the primary injuries of elders treated in emergency departments?

A) Contusion/abrasion
B) Fracture
C) Malnutrition
D) Laceration

Question 19

Which statement is TRUE?

A) Every state requires APS to investigate abuse in mental institutions.
B) Every APS has the duty to investigate organizational abuse at work.
C) Since APS agencies are federally controlled, they investigate national abuse.
D) APS is charged with investigating cases of elder abuse reported to it.

Question 20

Information from Vinton's (1991) study found that:

A) Women more frequently reject APS services than men.
B) Some elders refuse APS services because services do not meet their needs.
C) So many elders refuse APS services that workers get discouraged.
D) Slightly over 9210% of elders refused APS services in one study.

Question 21

Which group of elders endured significantly more violent criminal victimization than the other groups?

A) Females
B) Whites
C) Unmarried
D) Males

Question 22

In terms of elder abusers' gender, several studies, but not all, showed that:

A) Females abuse more even when not the primary caretaker.
B) Male elders in the community are rarely abusers.
C) The most abusive group are women under 40.
D) Males may be the primary abusers.

Question 23

Which statement about elder abusers seems true according to APS data?

A) Females are more likely than males to physically abuse elders.
B) Females are more likely than males to neglect elders.
C) The APS survey failed to track the gender of elder abusers.
D) Females are cleverer than males about hiding abusive behavior.

Question 24

Which statement is TRUE of elder abuse perpetrators and their relationship to the victim?

A) The Boston survey showed that friends/neighbors constituted the largest group of abusers.
B) The Boston survey found that adult children were more frequent abusers than spouses.
C) The Los Angeles County study showed that spouses were twice as likely as adult offspring to abuse an elder.
D) Most surveys have found that most elder abusers were family members.

Question 25

In terms of current research, who is most likely to be a perpetrator of elder abuse?

A) A doctor
B) A stranger
C) A co-worker
D) A family member

Question 26

Which group of perpetrators committed the most victimization?

A) Females
B) Stepchildren
C) Adult children
D) Neighbors

Question 27

Which is NOT a theory of elder abuse?

A) Social exchange.
B) Emotional trauma.
C) Elder care generated stress.
D) Elder dependency

Question 28

Which statement explains the social learning theory of elder abuse?

A) Elder parent abusers are more likely to have observed parental violence than to have been victimized by it.
B) It has provided a broadly supported explanation of elder abuse.
C) Abused children adopt proabuse norms that contribute to their parental abuse.
D) Elder abusers are more likely than child abusers to have had a violent childhood.

Question 29

Social exchange theory applied to elder abuse holds that:

A) Interacting with elders who need caretaking is costly and rarely pays off.
B) Meeting the dependency needs of an elder has rich emotional rewards.
C) Events like improving a child-parent relationship are rarely seen as beneficial.
D) Caretakers prefer social praise rather than financial remuneration for elder care.

Question 30

The stress theory of elder abuse posits that elders:

A) Who are most likely to be abused are those who create high levels of stress for caregivers.
B) Who can afford large fees for care seldom stress their nonfamily caregivers.
C) Experiencing high levels of stress are likely to be annoyed and angry with caretakers.
D) Generate cyclical stress leading to abuse, tension, and reduction is elder abuse.

Question 31

Which is TRUE of stress, dependency, and elder abuse?

A) Abused elders are significantly more impaired than nonabused elders.
B) Family caretakers abstain from abuse of elders who currently abuse them.
C) Abused elders are more dependent on their abusers than nonabused elders.
D) Abused elders are those who create more stress than their caregivers create.

Question 32

Dependency theory emphasizes:

A) The elder's dependency on the abuser.
B) The abuser's dependency on the elder.
C) The abuser's physical impairments.
D) An abuser-victim status discrepancy.

Question 33

Caretaker abuse is evoked by elder dependency in which of the following situations?

A) Caregiver stress levels are correlated with the amount of mental work involved.
B) Caregivers of elder Alzheimer's patients experience high levels of stress.
C) The highest levels of stress are incurred by families caring for a dying elder in pain.
D) Most caretaker stress can be reduced by simple stress-reduction exercises.

Question 34

In the Rhode Island survey of abused elder women, it was found that ____ had been revictimized.

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of elder abuse victims?

A) Dependence on the abuser
B) Psychological disturbance
C) Social isolation
D) Shared living situation

Question 36

One innovative program for elder abusers showed that:

A) Employment supportive strategies reduced abuser's alcoholism.
B) Psychotropic medication for abusers reduced rage reactions.
C) Anger management and an educational component reduced elder abuse.
D) Empathy training along with stress-reduction techniques lowered elder abuse.

Question 37

Of the following services, which is most often provided by elder abuse agencies?

A) Advocacy services.
B) Programs to increase public awareness of elder abuse.
C) Sponsorship of family reunification.
D) Case management.

Question 38

Prosecution of elder abuse and fraud is:

A) Rarely successful
B) Generally successful
C) Always successful
D) Sometimes successful

Question 39

. Which statement appeared in the text?

A) Attorneys provide services not available from other professionals.
B) Elders should give up control of their legal decisions at the first sign of senility.
C) Elders have little power to prevent abuse in most jurisdictions.
D) Most elders have made careful plans in case of a long-term illness.

Question 40

Elders can best protect themselves from some types of abuse by:

A) Financially reimbursing relatives for the elder's care.
B) Discussing their wishes with friends and neighbors.
C) Completing documents such as a durable power of attorney.
D) Seeking information on aging from religious organizations.

Question 41

A particularly important task that medical personnel should undertake is:

A) Relegate screening for elder abuse to psychologists.
B) Photographing and documenting elder abuse injuries.
C) Try to provide psychological counseling personally.
D) Question family members to explain the elder's injuries.

Question 42

In regard to legal issues:

A) The Elder Justice Act is attempting to lower the legal age for "elder" to 55.
B) The California law includes intentionality but not fiduciary abuse.
C) Legislators have finally gotten Medicare fraud under control.
D) Mandatory reporters should be required to report elder abuse.

Question 43

Laws usually mandate the reporting of elder abuse to:

A) The state Attorney General's office.
B) The relatives of the abused elder.
C) Local police departments.
D) Adult Protective Services (APS).

Question 44

Medical personnel fail to file mandatory elder abuse reporting laws primarily because:

A) The evidence of abuse seems insufficient.
B) Of the possibility of lengthy court appearances.
C) They do not wish to disrupt family relationships.
D) They believe the services provided are inadequate.

Question 45

In regard to shelter services, which statement was made in the text?

A) Having special dietary supplements on hand for elders is greatly needed.
B) Approximately 75% of shelters have provided access to abused elder women.
C) Elder battered women might profit more by accessing elder care facilities.
D) Shelters are as open to immigrant elders as they are to nonimmigrant elders.

Question 46

Courts particularly need to:

A) Privately interview any elder who is represented in the courtroom.
B) Implement good monitoring practices over elders' guardians.
C) Ensure the payment of legal fees to attorneys representing the elderly.
D) Recognize medical exploitation and fraud of the elderly.

Question 47

A newer innovation for combating elder abuse is the establishment of:

A) Foster care networks.
B) Multidisciplinary community teams.
C) Networks of safe homes.
D) Special institutions for abused elders.

Question 48

A police "swat" team (FAST) established to combat financial exploitation of the elderly:

A) Is a multidisciplinary team including professionals like bank officers and retired probate judges.
B) Has been successful because it has eliminated the plans of scam artists to prey on the elderly.
C) Has received an order of merit award from the American Association of Retired Persons.
D) Has successfully educated most bank tellers on spotting fraud of the elderly.

Question 49

Which statement is TRUE?

A) Laws give GLBT elders rights equivalent to those of non-GLBT elders.
B) Most GLBT elders have "come out of the closet" before they report abuse.
C) Very little is known about the kinds and amount of GLBT elder abuse.
D) .03% of GLBT elders maintain long-term intimate relationships.

Question 50

Some elders cannot rely on adult children to care for them in old age. Which group be is most likely to have this problem?

A) Widowed elders.
B) Minority elders.
C) Single elders.
D) Homosexual elders.

Question 51

All of the following were mentioned as policies discriminating against GLBT elders EXCEPT?

A) Noneligibility of same-sex partner to receive spousal social security benefits.
B) Noneligibility of same-sex partners to receive pension benefits.
C) Barriers to receiving medical care from institutional doctors.
D) Restrictions against admittance to federally subsidized senior housing.

Question 52

After elder abuse was "discovered" in the United States, some other countries:

A) Denied that it existed in any degree.
B) Noted substantially higher rates in of their own country.
C) Found that their own problems differed in every way.
D) Found a lack of cultural influences.

Question 53

Which of the following types of cross-cultural abuse was NOT mentioned in the text?

A) Accusing elders of witchcraft.
B) Purposefully exposing elders to dangerous bacteria.
C) Blaming elders for causing too much rain.
D) Failing to provide pensions in Bolivia.

Question 54

Which of the following forms of abuse is NOT directed more at disabled persons than against nondisabled persons?

A) Deprivation of food and water.
B) Use of physical restraints.
C) Terrorizing behaviors.
D) Burning.

Question 55

Which statement about disabled persons is TRUE?

A) Most handicapped abused individuals try at least six times to access services.
B) A large proportion of disabled persons fail to recognize abuse.
C) Shelter staff can legally dispense medicines to ill, abused, handicapped women.
D) Canada is constructing a dozen shelters for handicapped, abused women.

Question 56

One study of handicapped women indicated that:

A) Sexual assault rates are is twice the rate of nondisabled women.
B) 80% of male caregivers responded sexually to bathing disabled women.
C) Husbands effectively protected female handicapped spouses from sexual abuse.
D) Sexual abuse was the most common type of abuse of handicapped females.

Question 57

The characteristics of disabled victims and their abusers are:

A) Studied in institutions but not in home settings.
B) Studied more in European countries than in the U.S.
C) Are relatively extensive at this time.
D) An inactive area of any current research.

Question 58

Which was NOT mentioned as needed for helping disabled persons?

A) Disability education in universities.
B) Adequate assessment of the disabled.
C) Barrier-free information that is available 24/7
D) Educating cognitively impaired elders about their rights.

Question 59

Discuss the problems of defining elder abuse. What research have experts undertaken to attempt a definition?

Question 60

Compared with other forms of family violence, how frequent is elder abuse? Describe estimates of elder abuse.

Question 61

Describe the characteristics of elder victims.

Question 62

Describe the characteristics of elder abusers.

Question 63

Discuss psychopathology of the abuser and how it might explain elder abuse.

Question 64

Discuss elder abuse in other countries.

Question 65

What has been the police response to abused disabled individuals?

Question 66

Discuss the role of the attorney and legal responses to elder abuse and prevention.

Question 67

What are some of the problems faced by Adult Protective Services (APS) in providing services to elder abuse victims?

Question 68

What do you think should be done to avert financial abuse of elders?

Question 69

Discuss some of the reasons why abuse of disabled persons is chronically underreported.

Question 70

What can be done to decrease the incidences of abuse in nursing homes?

Question 71

What is the role of medical personnel in combating elder abuse?

Question 72

What does the government need to do to help researchers improve research?

Question 73

What do shelters need to do to accommodate abused elders and abused handicapped women?

Question 74

Elaborate on the problems of abuse in nursing homes.

Question 75

How did project REACH help battered elder women get help?

Question 76

What can and should various media do to help prevent elder abuse?

Question 77

Discuss how ageism and other stereotypes of elderly people promote elder abuse.20. 17. Discuss dependency theory and how it might explain elder abuse.21. 18. What can communities do to improve the services offered to elders?

Question 78

Discuss the particular challenges faced by GLBT elders who are victims of abuse. What can be done to improve treatment of this population?

Question 79

Discuss the concept of postmaturity.

Question 80

Discuss the role of an ombudsman in the protection of elders in nursing homes.