Deck 7: Dating Aggression, Sexual Assault, and Stalking: Primarily Unmarried

Question 1

Which statement is FALSE about the comparison between dating violence (DV) and marital violence (IPV)?

A) There is a greater focus on sexual assault factors in dating violence.
B) The amount and kind of information available about the two types differs.
C) The study of DV and IPV commenced at about the same time.
D) Young people do not construe the meaning of IPV (and DV) the same way older people do.

Answer 1

The study of DV and IPV commenced at about the same time.

Question 2

Research on DV is LEAST likely to include which of the following components?

A) Neonaticidal mothers.
B) Alcohol consumption.
C) Male peer-group support.
D) Sex-role attitudes.

Answer 2

Neonaticidal mothers.

Question 3

Which is TRUE of research on of dating violence?

A) It is based on strong theoretical formulations.
B) Data analysis techniques are sophisticated.
C) It uses too much data from same-sex couples.
D) It uses suboptimal data collection methods.

Answer 3

It uses suboptimal data collection methods.

Question 4

Which is TRUE of definitions of dating violence?

A) They focus on criminal acts.
B) They are eclectic.
C) They are ambiguous.
D) They center on decreasing age rates.

Question 5

Which statement is TRUE?

A) Experts agree that dating violence is almost identical to marital violence.
B) If daters are not sexually involved the term dating violence does not apply.
C) The study of dating violence now includes the study of ethnic minorities.
D) Experts claim that dating violence is far less serious than marital violence.

Question 6

Which is TRUE about the government's categorization of DV data?

A) They currently use "intimate" or "nonintimate" offender.
B) They use length of "cohabitation" or length of "living apart."
C) They use "same age" or "offender older."
D) They previously used "known" or "unknown" offender.

Question 7

In the Sugarman and Hotaling (1989) definition of dating violence:

A) The couple had to be unmarried.
B) The abuse had to be physical in nature.
C) The abuse had to be heterosexual.
D) Threats had to be made mutually, by each member of the pair.

Question 8

Which statement is TRUE about legal definitions of DV?

A) The federal government now requires legal definitions of DV.
B) Few legal definitions of dating violence exist.
C) Definitions depend on variables identified operationally.
D) Legal definitions are a mix of child and adult laws.

Question 9

The most commonly used definitions of DV:

A) Are derived from clinical practice.
B) Depend upon social learning theory.
C) Are anchored in the CTS2.
D) Stem from feminist theorizing.

Question 10

In the large 3-question study by Whitaker et al., 2007):

A) Researchers found high validity.
B) Most DV was reciprocal.
C) Most DV was unilateral.
D) Severity indexes were prominent.

Question 11

In regard to gender specificity of DV, findings based on:

A) NCVS data find that DV is primarily mutual.
B) CTS score find that DV is primarily mutual.
C) FBI reports do not include the gender of the victim.
D) Newer studies reveal that gender is less significant than age.

Question 12

Which statement is TRUE about DV?

A) NCVS data and CTS data yield similar results.
B) FBI data show that more males perpetrate DV than females.
C) CTS data show that men are much more violent than women.
D) Research shows that assault between 24-year old women and men are equivalent.

Question 13

Which statement is TRUE?

A) The National Violence Against Women Survey reported that more than twice as many women were injured by DV than men.
B) About 30% of current DV surveys report that injury severity is gender neutral.
C) Statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation show that female acquaintances injure more male than female friends.
D) Although more women seek treatment in emergency rooms for DV than men, women's injuries are not as severe as men's are.

Question 14

Which was NOT mentioned as a risk factor for male-to-female DV?

A) Harsh physical punishment during childhood.
B) Child maltreatment
C) Mental illness
D) Homosexuality.

Question 15

The most frequent rationale given for female-to-male DV in one study was:

A) Temper.
B) Jealousy.
C) Anger.
D) Retaliation.

Question 16

Experts have more recently questioned whether:

A) It is necessary to consider gender strength differentials as causal in DV.
B) Alcoholic women are the primary instigators of male-to-female DV.
C) Society's tolerance of female-to-male DV causes men's DV to be reactive.
D) Mutual dating violence is comparable to mutual spouse battering.

Question 17

One study using a computer dating procedure showed that:

A) Most women preferred a date assumed to be slightly physically abusive.
B) Women with higher psychological abuse scores preferred an abusive date.
C) Women would accept a psychologically abusive date if he was handsome.
D) Assumptions about a male date's abusive had no impact on women's choices.

Question 18

A study using a computer dating procedure showed that:

A) Psychologically abusive men preferred a date to have high attachment disorder.
B) Most men preferred a date to have high anxiety/low avoidance attachment.
C) Most men would accept a date with any attachment disorder if she was pretty.
D) The level and type of a woman's attachment disorder had no impact on choice.

Question 19

A relatively long-lasting affectional bond typified by wanting to be close to one's partner is called:

A) Evolutionary bonding.
B) Dating dyadic synthesis.
C) Adult romantic attachment.
D) Mating preference.

Question 20

Which is NOT one of the four prototypical attachment orientations?

A) Possessive attachment.
B) Preoccupied attachment.
C) Dismissing attachment.
D) Fearful attachment.
E) Secure attachment.

Question 21

Attachment theory helps explain:

A) Why college students behave in ways that are similar to their parents.
B) The high correlation between alcohol consumption and dating violence.
C) The co-occurrence of love and violence in a dating relationship.
D) How verbal arguments can build up until dating violence erupts.

Question 22

Which is TRUE?

A) Securely attached couples have higher levels of relationship satisfaction.
B) If both partners have anxious attachment styles they try harder to get-along.
C) Attachment theory as a theory of DV lacks research substantiation.
D) High attachment is the same as jealous commitment in dating relationships.

Question 23

Couples typified by high relationship commitment:

A) Find it unnecessary to exert interpersonal control over a partner.
B) Display unexpectedly low levels of romantic jealousy.
C) Are those who witnessed their parent remain together despite violence.
D) Exhibit the highest levels of dating violence.

Question 24

College students often believe that jealousy:

A) Is a sign of dependency.
B) Is a sign of love.
C) Causes most DV.
D) Keeps a relationship together.

Question 25

Family violence experts think jealousy in dating relationships:

A) Is the forerunner of strong emotional ties.
B) May be a sign of displaced aggression.
C) Is an outcome of lax parenting behavior.
D) May be a sign of controlling behavior.

Question 26

Research on undergraduates (Puente & Cohen, 2003) indicated that:

A) Violence is violence whether jealousy-instigated or not.
B) When jealousy is the motive for violence it has another meaning.
C) Romantic jealousy should reduce violent dating behavior.
D) Jealousy-motivated violence occurs when the partners are depressed.

Question 27

Research on jealousy has indicated that:

A) Jealousy increases after age 22.
B) Anger is the basic cause of jealousy.
C) Jealousy has many meanings.
D) Jealousy signifies self-blame.

Question 28

In regard to gender and jealousy:

A) Women are more uncertain of men's fidelity than the reverse.
B) Men are more uncertain of women's fidelity than the reverse.
C) Most students said they would "take action" against a partner who made them jealous.
D) More women than men said they would "do nothing" against a partner who made them jealous

Question 29

One study found in regard to jealousy that:

A) Men accurately perceived their female partner's interest in other men.
B) Both men and women blamed themselves for feelings of excessive jealousy.
C) Men were less accurate than women in perceiving their partner's interest in members of the opposite sex.
D) Neither men nor women were accurate in perceiving their partner's interest in members of the opposite sex.

Question 30

In regard to learning and violence:

A) Direct childhood abuse but not witnessing abuse leads to DV.
B) Children learn to be compliant if harshly punished.
C) Men come to believe that their aggression will be rewarded.
D) The association between conduct disorders and DV is low.

Question 31

Which was NOT a predictor of DV in the youth/mother study (Ehrensaft, 2003)?

A) Having a conduct disorder.
B) Maternal/paternal alcoholism.
C) Exposure to interparental violence.
D) Power-assertive punishment.

Question 32

Which statement is TRUE?

A) Women are more likely than men to use control tactics to prevent DV.
B) Parenting cannot overcome the impact of genetics on antisocial behaviors.
C) Substance abuse mediates the relationship between conduct disorders and DV.
D) Childhood exposure to violence affects men's DV but not women's DV.

Question 33

Which was TRUE of college students' attitudes about DV and gender?

A) They expect women to start DV with slapping.
B) Their expectations are based on strength.
C) Their expectations are gender neutral.
D) They tend to trivialize female-to-male violence.

Question 34

Which was a frequent finding about women in male-to-female DV relationships?

A) They think male jealousy in a sign of love.
B) Strong feelings of romantic love protected them from DV.
C) Their strong feelings of self-worth enabled them to accept DV.
D) They had a "take it, or leave it" attitude toward romantic partners.

Question 35

Which statement is TRUE about the cause(s) of DV?

A) Men who were violent against dates had good anger control.
B) Men whose romantic partners were violent exhibited the most DV.
C) Strong jealousy combined with high self-esteem predicted severe DV.
D) The extent to which DV is driven by traits or situations is unclear.

Question 36

Hypermasculinity refers to a trait that:

A) Predisposes men to engage in power-assertive behaviors and dominance.
B) Assesses hostility toward women and adversarial sexual beliefs.
C) Encourages men to approach women dates from a narcissistic point of view.
D) Causes men to feel untrusting of women but trusting of men.

Question 37

In the Parrott and Zeichner (2003) study, high-scoring hypermasculine men's' shock delivery scores were NOT correlated with which one of the following scales?

A) Adversarial sexual beliefs
B) Hostility toward women
C) Psychological reactance
D) Acceptance of interpersonal violence

Question 38

Which statement is TRUE about dating relationships?

A) Violent daters "threaten to leave a relationship" to enhance hypermasculinity.
B) Violent daters lack high scores on the assertiveness section of hypermasculinity.
C) Females most often maintain dating relationships with controlling men.
D) Men may use more control tactics than women but women try to control also.

Question 39

Which statement is FALSE about attitudes and DV?

A) Most research on treatment of DV rests on changing attitudes.
B) Since negative outcomes from DV are long-lasting treatment is warranted.
C) The relationship between attitudes and behavior is low and inconsistent.
D) Treatment strategies should offer services in mixed gender groups.

Question 40

One element of treatment for DV is:

A) Avoid frightening daters with the specter of abuse-caused trauma.
B) Pointing out that "coping is coping" regardless of coping style.
C) Helping victims to avoid confrontations by being willing to "give in."
D) Focusing on romantic styles - helping insecure daters feel more secure.

Question 41

Why is it important for physicians and counselors to screen for DV?

A) Screening suggests that professionals care more than school personnel.
B) By law physicians have sworn to prevent injuries during appointments.
C) Screening enables them to intervene though treatment and prevention.
D) College students prefer disclosing to professionals more than to friends.

Question 42

One DV violence prevention law passed by the federal government is:

A) The Student Right-to-Know and Campus Security Act.
B) The Men Can Stop Rape program.
C) The Fraternity/Sorority Anti-Alcohol Abuse Prevent Act.
D) Violence-Free Campus Act of 2004.

Question 43

One university study on alcohol misuse found that?

A) Students living off campus in apartments were heavy drinkers.
B) More drinking occurred among solitary drinkers than those partying.
C) Members of fraternities/sororities drank more than nonmembers.
D) Wealthy students drank substantially more than middleclass students.

Question 44

Which is the LEAST likely definition of sexual misbehavior?

A) Sexual coercion.
B) Compulsive sex.
C) Rape
D) Sexual assault.

Question 45

Which statement is FALSE about SA?

A) College students' conceptions of rape focus primarily upon female-to-male behaviors.
B) Men recognize sexually aggressive behavior but not its inappropriateness.
C) Romantic involvement with the rapist influences the victim's perception of the event as probably not SA.
D) The age, sex, race, and SES of the victim influences her perception of the event as SA.

Question 46

Which factor is LEAST likely to influence victims' designation of an event as "rape"?

A) the victim's relationship with the perpetrator
B) the victim's race and socioeconomic status
C) the victim's religious and moral upbringing
D) the victim's age and sex

Question 47

Which is FALSE about early rape laws?

A) All 50 states had revised their definitions of rape by the early 1960s.
B) Jurists believed that accusations were easily made and hard to defend if accused.
C) Women had to prove that they physically resisted a sexual assault.
D) A fully sexually aroused male was incapable of stopping short of intercourse.

Question 48

Which is TRUE about definitions of date rape?

A) Teenagers propose very broad definitions in order to identify all the cases.
B) After years of debate, experts have agreed that consent must be given verbally.
C) There are no circumstances that render an individual unable to give consent.
D) The legal definition most heavily addresses the issue of the victim's consent.

Question 49

Advanced thinking about rapes committed when a woman is given date rape drugs is to:

A) Classify them as drug-incapacitated rapes.
B) Classify them as medically-induced rapes.
C) Stiffen the sentences of men convicted
D) Classify the drug seller as an accessory to rape.

Question 50

Which of the following legally implies "consent" for sexual intercourse?

A) The woman wears a miniskirt with no underwear.
B) The woman tells the man she wants to have sex.
C) The woman willingly drinks too much or takes drugs.
D) The woman has already had sex with the person previously.

Question 51

According to some thinkers, early rape laws:

A) Focused heavily on women's lesser physical strength.
B) Prevented clogging of the court's calendar.
C) Decreased women's risk-taking behaviors.
D) Amounted to institutionalized sexism.

Question 52

Which statement is TRUE about nondisclosure of sexual assaults (SA)?

A) Male victims are slightly more likely than female victims to disclose.
B) Women worry about stigmatization and not being believed.
C) Most women disclose their rape rather quickly.
D) If sexually coerced, most women confide in their family first.

Question 53

Which was shown in the Bondurant (2001) study of SA disclosure?

A) Over 60% of the victims did not acknowledge the sexual assault as a SA.
B) Declarers generally blamed their rapists and his upbringing for the SA
C) Declarers were less aware of "blitz" rapes and more aware of rape drugs.
D) For declarers the level of violence was lower.

Question 54

In regard to disclosure of SA, a pair of researchers found that:

A) Giving cues (e.g., "and then he . . . ?") improved memory and disclosure.
B) Hypnosis was a semi-accurate method for encouraging disclosure.
C) Having the option to disclose to a same- or opposite-sex person helped.
D) Specific questions increased disclosure over ambiguous questions.

Question 55

Which statement is TRUE about methods of obtaining SA data?

A) The greater the anonymity given to females the more likely it is that they will disclose incest.
B) Women and men have extremely similar SA disclosure patterns at age 22.
C) Male participants responded better to a telephone- rather than a web-based survey.
D) Victims report sexual assaults at about the same rate as victims report crimes such as burglary.

Question 56

In the case history of Mandy - "I Was Raped?":

A) Mandy's disclosure of rape encouraged her classmates to support her.
B) Mandy's disclosure embarrassed her and did not ultimately help her.
C) The school did not believe her story and took no actions against the rapist.
D) Mandy disclosed her rape when a speaker broached the topic in class.

Question 57

Which statement is TRUE about SA victimization and relatedness to the offender?

A) Relatively more men were assaulted by a female intimate than the reverse.
B) More relative assaulted males than strangers did.
C) Most assaults of females were perpetrated by friends/acquaintances.
D) Strangers assaulted men and women almost equally.

Question 58

Which is TRUE about women's responses to sexual assault?

A) Sexual coercion most often evokes a forceful response from women
B) Confronting a rapist with a forceful response usually intensifies the attack.
C) The more forceful the sexual assault the less forceful the response.
D) The majority of women take protective actions when faced with rape.

Question 59

Which is TRUE of criminal justice responses to sexual assault?

A) Advocates have made significant headway in forcing judges to be fair.
B) Victims are challenged to receive effective and nonbiased treatment.
C) Police officers try to encourage a woman to proceed with a prosecution.
D) Officer training has successfully reduced their acceptance of rape myths.

Question 60

Even very clear cases of SA may not proceed to court because of:

A) Court advocates are not available.
B) Criminal justice personnel stick too closely to the facts of the case.
C) Prosecutorial or police discretion.
D) Male court personnel have little if any sympathy for SA victims.

Question 61

Which of the following is TRUE of prosecutors' decision-making?

A) Prosecutors are influenced by extralegal information.
B) Prosecutors rely on private investigators to determine a victim's veracity.
C) Prosecutors rely heavily upon the perpetrator's characteristics (e.g., ethnic origin) to make a decision.
D) Prosecutors pay little attention to the victim's characteristics (e.g., drunk at the scene) into consideration.

Question 62

A serious impediment to successful prosecution of rape cases is:

A) The criminal justice system's mishandling of DNA cases
B) The medical profession's failure to follow the law?
C) Women's lack of knowledge about how to prevent rape.
D) Society's general lack of interest in sexual assault.

Question 63

Which action would help the most in reducing SA offenses?

A) Making CODIS available to laws enforcement across the nation.
B) Passing laws increasing the length of incarceration for SA offenders.
C) Providing more self-defense classes for college age women.
D) Issuing license plates that identify convicted SA offenders.

Question 64

Which assumption did government statisticians make about self-report SA data?

A) That victims would tend to exaggerate their claims of sexual assault.
B)That males would be unwilling to report even anonymous victimization.
C) That victims used legal definitions when responding to SA questionnaires.
D) That qualitative studies would yield better data than quantitative studies.

Question 65

Aggressive and sexually coercive behavior among college students is correlated with:

A) Their low academic achievement and conservative values.
B) Their acceptance of racist values and homonegativity.
C) Their low level of religiosity and gender role differentiation.
D) Their acceptance of sexism and rape-supportive myths.

Question 66

The study of rapists, violent non-SA offenders, and nonoffending men found that rapists were:

A) More hostile toward older women than toward older men.
B) Less empathic toward SA victims than toward car accident victims.
C) More empathic toward their own victim than toward other rape victims.
D) Less empathic toward male SA victims than toward female SA victims.

Question 67

Which statement is TRUE about rape myths?

A) Acceptance of rape myths is associated with secretive behaviors.
B) The most common myth is that women who claim rape "are lying."
C) Child molesters share the same rape myths as adult SA offenders.
D) Acceptance of myths is associated with enjoyment of child porn.

Question 68

Which is NOT a rape myth about men?

A) Men must be sexually aroused to be raped.
B) Men cannot be forced against their will to have sex.
C) Men who withstand rape are more masculine.
D) Men who get raped must be gay.

Question 69

In the vignette study about voluntary/nonvoluntary consumption of alcohol/drugs, which of the following was found?

A) Higher rape myth acceptance was not correlated with assignment of responsibility for the rape.
B) Higher rape myth acceptance was correlated with blaming Cathy more than John.
C) Only men with high rape myth acceptance scores blamed Cathy more than John.
D) Men more than women attributed the rape to Cathy's tight sweater.

Question 70

When RMA scores were removed from the data analyses in the voluntary/ nonvoluntary alcohol/drug study (AOD):

A) Assignment of blame rested on whether Cathy's consumption was voluntary.
B) Only women held John responsible if he facilitated the rape with AOD.
C) Students thought Cathy's voluntary drinking signified her desire for sex with several men.
D) Students believed Cathy was a real rape victim regardless of her AOD consumption.

Question 71

In the study of an offender, a bus driver, or doctor and the victim's level of resistance, which statement is FALSE?

A) Women blamed the victim of the bus driver more than the victim of the doctor.
B) Men blamed the offending bus driver more than the offending doctor.
C) Men blamed the victim more than women did.
D) If the victim did not resist physically both gender blamed the victim equally.

Question 72

Which was NOT a trait that sexually coercive men exhibited significantly more than nonoffending men?

A) Had empathy deficits.
B) Experienced childhood abuse.
C) Excessive romanticism.
D) Perceived male/female relationships as adversarial.

Question 73

Studies of men who sexually assault women show that:

A) The traits of the perpetrator and the victim can predict SA.
B) Situational factors such as drinking are the strongest predictors of SA.
C) Both personality traits and specific situations contribute to SA.
D) Men with obsessive-compulsive disorder are the most likely to commit SA.

Question 74

The most common psychological outcome of sexual assault is:

A) Experiencing a type of post-assault emotional growth.
B) To suffer from a variety of post-assault fears.
C) To misuse nonprescription drugs for a year.
D) To experience a second rape victimization within a year.

Question 75

What can be said about police and medical doctors' responses to SA victims?

A) They are well trained to question victims during exams.
B) They show more empathy to married victims than to unmarried victims.
C) They are very willing to collaborate with advocates working in ERs.
D) Their responses exacerbate the impact of sexual assault.

Question 76

Which is TRUE about the use of SANE nurses?

A) Training is available primarily in special college classes.
B) They are skilled at gathering evidence (i.e., the rape kit).
C) Victims prefer examination in forensic settings instead of hospitals.
D) The SANE program receives rave reviews and no criticisms.

Question 77

Which is TRUE of male victims of sexual assaults?

A) Doctors need to provide treatment similar to that given to female victims.
B) Doctors can provide minimal care since male victims' needs are minimal.
C) The SANE protocol has recently been modified to assist male victims.
D) Officials treat male victims even more carefully than female victims.

Question 78

Malamuth (1989) found that?

A) Women and men are equal in judging their partner's willingness to have sex.
B) There is no particular link between holding certain attitudes and actual violence.
C) About a third of college men might commit SA if they could get away with it.
D) The most common female misperception is that all dating men are eager to have sex.

Question 79

Which was a motivation for rape?

A) A desire to hurt women.
B) A desire to manipulate women.
C) Avoidance of feeling vulnerable.
D) A wish to impregnate women

Question 80

Researchers who conducted the study of intimacy levels and females' reasons for refusing to continue sexual activities as indicating that?

A) a better methodology would have been to use questionnaire data.
B) a woman's willingness to drink reflected her strong desire for sexual activities.
C) men believed that women who said "no" to sex wanted to be "forced."
D) men believed women who resisted were not entirely sincere.