Deck 3: Child Neglect and Psychological Maltreatment

Question 1

The most frequently reported type of child maltreatment is:

A) Physical abuse.
B) Father abductions.
C) Child neglect.
D) Sexual abuse.

Answer 1

Child neglect.

Question 2

The text mentioned all of the following reasons for inattention to child neglect by professionals EXCEPT:

A) It provokes negative feelings that make some people uncomfortable.
B) Some believe that neglect rarely results in serious consequences.
C) Most experts believe the problem will disappear as parental stress lessens.
D) Some believe that other forms of maltreatment are more dangerous or compelling.

Answer 2

Most experts believe the problem will disappear as parental stress lessens.

Question 3

Definitions of child neglect often exclude neglect caused by parents':

A) Intentional acts.
B) Failure to seek welfare benefits.
C) Failures to enlist aid from extended families.
D) Financial limitations.

Answer 3

Financial limitations.

Question 4

According to Dubowitz et al. (2005), which of the following was NOT named as a basic fundamental need of children?

A) Perceived support from mothers.
B) Accessibility to safe cribs.
C) Non-exposure to family conflict.
D) Early affection from mothers.

Question 5

Which statement is FALSE about defining neglect?

A) Legal definitions are very comprehensive.
B) The situation/context is important.
C) The parent's intent is important
D) Cultural beliefs are the most important.

Question 6

Most definitions of neglect are based on parents':

A) Downgrading of a child's intrinsic worth.
B) Failure to provide for a child's basic needs.
C) Attitudes about promoting a child's welfare.
D) Inability to provide an education for a child.

Question 7

A frequently used variable in defining the severity of child neglect is the:

A) Child's ability to recover.
B) Actual behaviors of the parents.
C) Demonstrable harm to the child.
D) Actual behavior of the child.

Question 8

All of the following circumstances were mentioned as parameters of neglect EXCEPT:

A) The cultural context of the neglect.
B) The duration and frequency of the neglect.
C) The chronicity of the neglect.
D) The escalation of the neglect over time.

Question 9

The purpose of adding a category of child neglect entitled "endangered" is to:

A) Identify behaviors that cause the most immediate injury.
B) Identify children potentially "at risk" for future harm.
C) Separate multiply abused children from singly abused children.
D) Separate chronically abused children from intermittently abused children.

Question 10

Which statement is TRUE about nonchronically neglectful parents?

A) They receive police attention out of proportion to the crime.
B) They are very likely to cycle patterns of neglect with patterns of physical abuse.
C) Their neglect is most likely the result of some crisis such as parental illness.
D) Their neglect is crucial to distinguishing neglect from emotional abuse.

Question 11

Research has shown that standards of basic care:

A) Varied highly across single- and two-parent families.
B) Were quite similar across urban and rural regions.
C) Were almost identical across generations.
D) Were highly correlated with parents' age.

Question 12

Which type of neglect was NOT mentioned in the text?

A) Educational
B) Nutritional
C) Supervisory
D) Principled

Question 13

The federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) (2006):

A) Requires pregnant women to take a course on substance-exposed newborns.
B) Suggests new legislation to retain drug-abusing pregnant women in jail.
C) Requires drug abuse programs for drug-exposed infants when adolescents.
D) Mandates reporting of drug-exposed infant/pregnant drug users to CPS.

Question 14

Physical neglect now includes which of the following?

A) Failure to provide a child with educational toys.
B) Refusal to protect a child from fatty foods.
C) Failure to hug/kiss the child good night.
D) Refusal or delay in obtaining medical treatment.

Question 15

Which of the following types of neglect has stimulated the greatest definition disagreement?

A) Abandonment.
B) Nutritional.
C) Personal hygiene.
D) Emotional.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding legal definitions of medical neglect?

A) They uniformly include failure to obtain booster vaccinations as neglect.
B) Parents may permit their children to die for religiously held beliefs.
C) They concentrate upon acts of commission.
D) They have adopted a parental blame model.

Question 17

Which statement about definitions is TRUE among 72 countries across the globe?

A) Over half of the countries excluded sexual touching as a form of maltreatment.
B) Countries agreed on whether parental substance abuse was a form of maltreatment.
C) Romanian infants were negatively affected if institutionalized over 12-months of age
D) About 80% of Dutch children suffered from three or more types of maltreatment.

Question 18

Which statement is TRUE?

A) No single definition of child neglect is universally accepted.
B) Using a broad definition of abuse helps guarantee that no perpetrator slips through the net.
C) Only a few researchers exclude situations such as poverty from definitions of neglect.
D) The most fruitful way to define neglect is through questionnaire data.

Question 19

Of child maltreatment cases reported to agencies, about _______ are for child neglect.

A) 10% to 17%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 60% to 68%

Question 20

Self-surveys show that the most frequently reported form of child neglect is:

A) Failing to change diapers as needed.
B) Letting a baby who is ill "cry it out."
C) Alcohol-caused neglect.
D) Leaving a child alone.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Almost 32% of child deaths are attributable to neglect alone.
B) The most frequent type of serious maltreatment is sexual abuse.
C) Over 97% of parents report being able to obtain food for their child.
D) Coroners are quite accurate about the causes of a child's death.

Question 22

Which of the following is the most common type of neglect?

A) Failure to keep the child's home and clothes clean.
B) Leaving a child alone when an adult should be present.
C) Permitting the child to be chronically truant.
D) Neglect due to alcoholism by one or both parents.

Question 23

Which statement is TRUE about child neglect?

A) Early neglect potentially lowers later aggression.
B) Foster care is usually able to eliminate the effects of neglect.
C) Much research has studied the unique effects of neglect.
D) Early neglect may modify the body's stress response.

Question 24

Which characteristic is more likely to distinguish neglected from non-neglected children?

A) Fantasy aggression.
B) Language deficits.
C) Thought fixation.
D) Sibling rivalry.

Question 25

Research generally shows that neglected children:

A) Suffer from disturbed infant-caretaker attachment.
B) Show academic problems in one or two isolated areas.
C) Often develop compensatory athletic skills.
D) Tend to show sudden and surprising growth spurts.

Question 26

Which of the following is the most frequently reported form of child maltreatment?

A) Physical child abuse (PCA).
B) Child sexual abuse (CSA).
C) Psychological maltreatment.
D) Neglect.

Question 27

Which of the following is the LEAST likely long-term consequence of child neglect?

A) Cognitive deficits.
B) Extraverted behaviors.
C) Illegal behaviors.
D) Psychiatric disorders

Question 28

As mentioned in the text, common outcomes of child neglect include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Social difficulties.
B) Sexual dysfunctions.
C) Intellectual deficits.
D) Physical consequences.
E) Behavioral problems.

Question 29

Disorganized infant attachment occurs when:

A) Parent-child interactions are chaotic.
B) Parents lack sensitivity to the infant's needs.
C) Parents uniformly avoid their infant.
D) Parent-child interactions are rote/mechanical.

Question 30

Neglected children are most likely to suffer from:

A) Sexual disorientation.
B) Neighborhood ostracism.
C) Anxious attachment.
D) Disorganized personality.

Question 31

Research has shown that neglected children are:

A) Anxiously attached.
B) Less impulsive.
C) Significantly more moody.
D) Significantly more extraverted.

Question 32

Which statement is TRUE?

A) In the case history of Emmanuelle, the hospital's Safe Return program gave back her baby.
B) NCCAN has been unable to show that Safe Return programs benefit parents.
C) Research consistently shows that neglect results in significant developmental problems.
D) Research shows that most neglect interventions are effective in reducing children's PTSD

Question 33

Which statement about child neglect and gender is TRUE?

A) Gender is the best predictor of parental neglect.
B) Society holds men more responsible for neglect than women.
C) CPS receives more reports about mothers than fathers.
D) Fathers rather than mothers are repeat offenders.

Question 34

Characteristics of neglectful and emotionally maltreating parents are LEAST likely to include elements focused upon?

A) inappropriate developmental expectations of their children.
B) Low levels of community involvement.
C) Family's low socioeconomic status.
D) increased levels of stress.

Question 35

Which of the following is generally TRUE about the age of victims of child neglect?

A) Over half the victims are under the age of 5.
B) The risk of neglect rises steadily with age.
C) Neglect is equivalent between 3-year old boys and 7-year old girls.
D) The child's age is inversely correlated with the father's age.

Question 36

Which general statement is TRUE of neglectful parents?

A) They do not bother to issue clear verbal commands.
B) They generally interact less with their children.
C) They have realistic perceptions of their child's abilities.
D) Their feelings about their children are uniformly negative.

Question 37

Which variable is most strongly predictive of child neglect?

A) Race of parent.
B) Age of child.
C) Socioeconomic disadvantage.
D) Co-occurrence of physical child abuse.

Question 38

Which statement is FALSE about why researchers may have overlooked psychological maltreatment?

A) Its effects may be slow and protracted rather than immediate.
B) It may appear on the surface to pose less harm than physical abuse.
C) It has a ring of disbelief that exasperates researchers.
D) They could not agree on if it occurred frequently.

Question 39

Which statement is FALSE about psychological maltreatment?

A) Psychological maltreatment is the least common form of child abuse reported.
B) Psychological maltreatment is one of the most common forms of child abuse to occur.
C) A number of Americans do not believe that psychological abuse warrants intervention.
D) Legal scholars propose that a broad definition of psychological abuse is the most useful.

Question 40

Which statement is TRUE of psychological abuse?

A) Giving children value only if they meet the needs of adults is an unusual form of a physical injury.
B) About 75% of adults believe repeated yelling and swearing is harmful to children.
C) Researchers have reached a consensus on how to define psychological abuse.
D) Making children feel unloved is a minor form of sexual neglect.

Question 41

Which statement is FALSE?

A) Psychological abuse usually occurs in isolation without other forms of abuse.
B) Parental threatening behavior is one type of child maltreatment.
C) A child who is repeatedly told by a parent that she is ugly would begin to believe it.
D) Some experts conceptualize psychological abuse as a side effect of other forms of abuse.

Question 42

Which parental action would experts LEAST likely define as psychological maltreatment?

A) Maternal diagnosis of depression.
B) Failure to call a child by name.
C) Indoctrinating racist values.
D) Withholding sleep as punishment.

Question 43

Which of the following statements is TRUE about psychological abuse?

A) It occurs so infrequently that researchers should study other more pervasive abuses.
B) One can immediately see the harm it causes just by the change in a child's face
C) It causes severe and long-lasting harm to the child.
D) It most often occurs among older parents with cranky infants.

Question 44

The definition of psychological maltreatment most often:

A) Should rest primarily upon the demonstrable harm caused to the child.
B) Tries to balance positive parental behavior with negative parental behavior.
C) Refers to episodic incidents in which a parent loses his/her temper.
D) Rests on a pattern of parental behavior that makes a child feel worthless.

Question 45

Which statement is FALSE about psychological maltreatment?

A) In the past, professionals tended to marginalize psychological maltreatment.
B) Most children in clinics have been referred because of psychological abuse.
C) Most adults consider psychological maltreatment of children to be harmful.
D) Psychological maltreatment may be the most ambiguous form of maltreatment.

Question 46

Which was NOT mentioned as a conceptual dilemma in defining psychological abuse?

A) Child outcomes.
B) Parental behaviors.
C) Parental intentions.
D) Parent-child interactions.

Question 47

Which of the following subtypes of psychological maltreatment was NOT included in the definition?

A) Isolating.
B) Denying emotional responsiveness.
C) Failing to provide a two-parent home.
D) Terrorizing.

Question 48

Descriptions of psychologically abusive parents compared with non-psychologically abusive parents include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Providing a religiously-oriented home environment.
B) Being less emotionally responsive to their children.
C) Using more verbal aggression with their children.
D) Preventing their children from engaging in normal social activities.

Question 49

Which conceptual dilemma underlies problems in defining psychological abuse?

A) Addressing ecological factors such as racism leads to narrow definitions of abuse.
B) Most states legally require information about parental motives for abuse.
C) Whether the focus should be on child outcomes or parental behaviors.
D) Whether mainstream Americans set unrealistic standards for parental behaviors.

Question 50

Glaser's (2002) useful approach to conceptualizing psychological maltreatment:

A) Emphasized to need to limit the number of parent-child interactions.
B) The need to respect the elements of a child's psychosocial being.
C) Pointed out the harmfulness of parental actions unknown to the child.
D) The need to punish severely illegal parental behavior involving a child.

Question 51

Which statement is FALSE about parentification?

A) It is defined as treating a child like a parent surrogate.
B) It uses a child to meet the needs of the parent.
C) It falls within the subtype of abuse called exploiting and or corrupting.
D) It is the type of emotional abuse most clearly associated with neglect.

Question 52

Which statement is TRUE of psychological maltreatment?

A) Frequency estimates are anchored on nationally recognized definitions.
B) Psychological maltreatment is probably the least destructive form of child abuse.
C) Psychological abuse is probably the least pervasive form of child maltreatment.
D) Psychological abuse is the form of abuse least commonly reported to agencies.

Question 53

Which statement is TRUE?

A) Psychological abuse is pervasive and has serious cumulative effects.
B) Physical and sexual abuse rarely occurs in conjunction with psychological abuse.
C) Members of society have little tolerance for psychologically abusive parents.
D) Adults in the ACE study specified emotional abuse as the most frequently suffered.

Question 54

The Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) study of adults' recollections reported that?

A) Women reported less physical abuse than emotional abuse.
B) Sexual abuse usually preceded psychological abuse.
C) Emotional abuse rarely occurred for females.
D) Emotional abuse was not the most prevalent type of abuse.

Question 55

A maladaptive adult interpersonal behaviors pattern NOT mentioned as linked with psychological abuse was:

A) Social isolating oneself
B) Being overly accommodating
C) Lacking tactfulness.
D) Being controlling.

Question 56

Exposure to interparental violence is best conceived as a type of:

A) Interfamily maltreatment.
B) Psychological maltreatment.
C) Culturally variant maltreatment.
D) Nurturance neglect.

Question 57

Definitions of exposure to marital violence rarely include assessments of:

A) Overhearing the violence.
B) Actually observing the violence.
C) Becoming involved in the violence.
D) Seeing the results of the violence.

Question 58

Which of the following is likely to be TRUE of psychological abuse?

A) It is typical behavior for only a small minority of parents.
B) Psychological maltreatment is the most difficult type of maltreatment to define.
C) People believe that all children psychologically abused are victims of abuse.
D) Psychological abuse most commonly occurs in child-grandparent interactions.

Question 59

Which statement is FALSE about children's exposure to marital violence?

A) Researchers are a tightly knit group of academics who collaborate with each other.
B) Researchers conceptualize exposure as an explicit act of commission.
C) Researchers have concluded that it is best for society to simply overlook the problem.
D) The public strongly believes that exposure to interparental violence is criminal.

Question 60

If some form of substantiated child abuse is occurring in a family:

A) Society should not invade family privacy by looking for other types of abuse.
B) It is a clear sign that other forms of family violence are co-occurring.
C) It is a unique for of abuse and rarely is associated with other forms of family abuse.
D) The odds are high that some other form of interparental abuse is occurring also.

Question 61

When conceptualizing exposure to interparental violence as an act of omission, experts typify it as:

A) Parental failure to be harmonious.
B) Similar to an act of commission.
C) A form of child neglect.
D) Emotionally neutral in its effects.

Question 62

According to broad definitions of psychological abuse, abuse includes:

A) Acts of both omission and commission.
B) Primarily acts lead to child suicide.
C) Behaviors that are either premeditated or cruel.
D) Outcomes are transient and unintentional

Question 63

Estimates of the number of children exposed to marital violence (Straus, 1991a) ranges from:

A) 1 to 2.7 million.
B) 3.3 to 10 million.
C) 5 to 12 million.
D) 10 to 11 million.

Question 64

Which statement is TRUE about research on children exposed to marital violence?

A) One achievement of early research was its coverage of children across ages.
B) Parents and their children's reports about exposure showed strong agreement.
C) Sample contained an over-sampling of minority children.
D) Early research served to point out the erroneous nature of estimates.

Question 65

Which of the following is TRUE about exposure to interparental violence?

A) Social constructionist convinced the public it was a problem in the middle 1980s.
B) Social workers now consider it the most deleterious type of family violence.
C) Neurobiologists were the first to show how exposure interfered with motor skills.
D) The first national survey of exposure to interparental violence was published after 2002.

Question 66

One area of effects of exposure to marital violence NOT mentioned in the text was?

A) Physical health.
B) Sexual functioning.
C) Social competence.
D) Cognitive ability.

Question 67

Which statement is TRUE about the law?

A) It fails to address exposure to parental violence as a serious problem.
B) It fails to discriminate between neglect, physical, and sexual child abuse.
C) It blames middle-age parents more than teenage parents.
D) It builds in numerous elements to intervene in parental abuse.

Question 68

Which statement is TRUE about children exposed to parental violence?

A) They suffer longer lasting symptoms than children both physically and sexually abused.
B) They recover from the consequences more quickly than sexually abused children.
C) They do not often repeat the pattern with their own children.
D) They suffer a number of serious long-term consequences.

Question 69

According to NIS-4, psychological abuse:

A) Is negatively correlated with sexual maturation.
B) Is perpetrated by stepfathers more than stepmothers.
C) Increases with a child's age.
D) Peaks at about 3 years of age.

Question 70

Which statement is TRUE?

A) Younger children are more psychologically abused than teenagers.
B) Reports of psychological abuse increase with children's age.
C) Girls and boys clearly receive equivalent amounts of psychological abuse.
D) Boys are more likely to be sworn at and girls more likely to be humiliated.

Question 71

Which statement is TRUE about resilient children?

A) They have mothers who have overcome physical disabilities.
B) Have fathers who take the lead in all parental discipline.
C) Their resilience may be limited to one domain.
D) Their resilience is usually "across the board."

Question 72

Which statement is TRUE of mothers who psychologically abuse or neglect their children?

A) The age of the mother has few associations with abusive behaviors.
B) Providing social support for abusive mothers had little significant effect on the abusive behavior.
C) Mothers living in a stable a co-residential relationship experienced less stress than their counterparts.
D) Teenage mothers were surprisingly talented at responding to premature infants or low birth-weight infants.

Question 73

Researchers studying alcohol's role in family functioning as:

A) Lying on a continuum.
B) Ranging between extremes.
C) Perceptual rather than real.
D) Narrow and specific.

Question 74

Which statement is TRUE according to official reporting statistics?

A) Psychologically maltreating fathers were more likely to have had criminal histories.
B) Asians were more likely than African-Americans to psychologically maltreat a child.
C) The average age of psychologically maltreating parents was 23.
D) Females were slightly more likely than males to psychologically maltreat a child.

Question 75

How has society historically viewed disabled mothers?

A) People suggest they must be emotionally strong.
B) People tend to think that these mothers need little advice.
C) People believe disabled women deserve to be promiscuous.
D) People may suggest disabled women should not have children.

Question 76

Which statement is TRUE of law guardians in custody disputes?

A) They receive an education equal to two years of college.
B) They clearly act in the best interests of the child.
C) They display biases and inequality in their court reports.
D) Their duties are uniform across county lines in the same state.

Question 77

Research on the effects of psychological abuse may be LEAST affected by:

A) The use of non-biased samples.
B) The lack of academic interest.
C) Using standardized definitions.
D) Using limited research designs.

Question 78

Many studies on psychological maltreatment, neglect, and exposure to interparental violence:

A) Have finally been able to make a number of cross-cultural comparisons.
B) Fail to consider the parameters of the maltreatment such as its frequency.
C) Only have access to retrospective data among college students.
D) Now use the definitions promulgated by the United Nations Conventions.

Question 79

Which was NOT mentioned in the text as a problem in conducting research on neglect, psychological maltreatment, and exposure to interparental violence?

A) Noncomparable comparison groups.
B) Paucity of abused children.
C) Sources of reports.
D) Polyvictimization effects.

Question 80

One cannot assume that the problems observed in children have been "caused" by a specific form of maltreatment because:

A) Children living in psychologically abusive homes often experience additional risk factors.
B) Data obtained from direct observational studies must by necessity be limited to small groups.
C) Even the newest statistical techniques have come no closer to pinpointing causality.
D) Experts are most interested in understanding the combined effects of specific maltreatments.