Deck 7: Couple Formation and Sexual Relations

Question 1

U.S. researchers accept the ages of 13 and 14 as 'developmentally appropriate' for the onset of dating.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Dating and courtship refer to the same phenomenon.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In our society, race, social class, and religion are the main sources of endogamy.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The principles of homogamy are equally important in homosexual and heterosexual mate selection.

Question 5

Although increasing numbers of Canadians are choosing cohabitation for their first
union, cohabitation is still less institutionalized than marriage.

Question 6

Most couples cohabit as a form of "trial" marriage.

Question 7

Research over several decades has shown that cohabitations are every bit as stable as marital relationships.

Question 8

Married couples are just as likely as cohabitants to keep their money separately.

Question 9

Generally, young cohabiting women do less housework than married ones and young cohabiting men do more than married men.

Question 10

The cohabiting population has a lower rate of conjugal violence than the
married population.

Question 11

Women who cohabit serially are at high risk of never marrying and, if they do marry are at higher risk of divorcing.

Question 12

A possible masculine bias about sexual expression is evident in studies on frequency of sexual intercourse.

Question 13

Both males and females are equally likely to describe their first intercourse as
exciting and satisfying.

Question 14

Casual sex in adolescence is related to cohabitation rather than marriage later.

Question 15

Research suggests there is no relationship between consumption of internet
pornography and marital infidelity.

Question 16

High school and college dating in Canada is an institution because

A) it affects every young person.
B) it is ritualized.
C) it often precedes the institution of marriage.
D) it is a natural part of the courtship process.
E) it is based in looking for a potential marriage partner.

Question 17

As an institution, when did dating first emerge?

A) During the Industrial Revolution.
B) In the 1980s.
C) After the first World War.
D) During the 1960s when females gained equality with males.
E) During the 1950s.

Question 18

At which point in a relationship is heterosexual dating most likely to be nonegalitarian?

A) At the beginning.
B) Once the couple makes a commitment of fidelity to each other.
C) Once the couple has engaged in sexual intercourse.
D) Before the couple has engaged in sexual intercourse.
E) About one year into the relationship.

Question 19

Dating is a gendered experience because

A) men tend to invest more in their dating relationship than do.
B) mothers are more concerned about their daughters' well-being than are fathers.
C) women tend to invest more in their dating relationship than do men.
D) mothers take a proactive interest in their daughter's dating life.
E) men are responsible for initiating dates.

Question 20

Young women work harder at relationship maintenance because

A) they perceive fewer alternatives to their current dating partners.
B) they enjoy maintenance work.
C) they are better at maintaining relationships than young men.
D) young men are, by nature, not monogamous.
E) they are more romantic by nature.

Question 21

It may not be functional for young gays to date same-sex partners openly in high school because

A) it impacts negatively on their grades.
B) they may not self-identify as gay.
C) they may not know how to find a partner.
D) they fear being stigmatized.
E) there are very few potential partners.

Question 22

The statement that 'internet dating is akin to a buffet as opposed to a sit-down dinner' is meant to suggest that

A) the internet makes it possible to exchange many emails and pictures prior to an actual face-to-face encounter.
B) the internet contains a wide variety of places a couple can meet such as chat rooms and ethnic sites.
C) the internet allows for the possibility of moving from one person to the next without ever being committed to any of them.
D) the internet creates the possibility of judging a person's physical appearance, voice, facial expressions, and general demeanour all at the same time.
E) the internet allow for the possibility of having access to many potential partners simultaneously.

Question 23

The rule of propinquity in partner selection refers to

A) physical or geographic proximity.
B) similarity of values.
C) proximity of recreational facilities.
D) endogamy.
E) levels of attractiveness.

Question 24

Assortative mating refers to

A) the concept of exogamy in mate selection.
B) the principle of proximity of dating partners.
C) choosing a date on the basis of certain characteristics similar to one's own.
D) a random process of partnering.
E) choosing a date on the basis of attractiveness and popularity.

Question 25

Marrying within one's own status group is called

A) propinquity.
B) endogamy.
C) exogamy.
D) monogamy.
E) proximal similarity.

Question 26

If a woman chooses to date only men who are vegetarian like herself, then she is practising

A) exogamy
B) propinquity
C) homogamy
D) monogamy
E) cohabitation

Question 27

_____________ strengthens mutual feelings and lowers the risk of divorce.

A) Endogamy
B) Exogamy
C) Polygamy
D) Cohabitation
E) Propinquity

Question 28

Currently, about ____ per cent of married and cohabiting couples in Canada are exogamous.

A) 22
B) 16
C) 10
D) 4
E) 1

Question 29

When age homogamy is not present, women tend to marry

A) men the same age as themselves.
B) men a few years younger than they are.
C) men a few years older than they are.
D) elderly men.
E) boys.

Question 30

_____ refers to when people are attracted to one another because of common interests and shared topics of conversation that are related to their class-linked resources.

A) Social class
B) Educational monogamy
C) Class-based identity
D) Educational homogamy
E) Educational endogamy

Question 31

Gay males take ___________ into account in mate selection more than lesbians do.

A) economic position.
B) educational status.
C) age.
D) physical appearance.
E) weight.

Question 32

Physical attractiveness is NOT an important element in mate selection for

A) young gay males.
B) young heterosexual men.
C) middle aged heterosexual men.
D) middle aged gay males.
E) lesbians.

Question 33

______ has a higher proportion of cohabiting couples than any other region in Canada.

A) Quebec
B) Ontario
C) British Columbia
D) Saskatchewan
E) Newfoundland

Question 34

Some people find that it is easier to enter into a cohabitational than a marital
Relationship because

A) it is less institutionalized.
B) it is less expensive.
C) it is a more open relationship which allows for other sexual partners.
D) they fear divorce.
E) it requires less risk.

Question 35

More than _____ percent of all cohabitations end in dissolution within five years.

A) 20
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60
E) 75

Question 36

The stability of a cohabiting relationship depends, in part, on

A) the age of the cohabiters.
B) the reason why the couple is cohabiting.
C) the response from family members.
D) the socio-economic status of the couple.
E) whether either or both members of the couple are divorced or widowed.

Question 37

Women in cohabiting relationships are less faithful than

A) men in cohabiting relationships.
B) men in marital relationships.
C) women in married relationships.
D) women in dating relationships.
E) men in dating relationships.

Question 38

Which age would a cohabiting man be most likely to be committed to their relationship?

A) 18
B) 25
C) 30
D) 45
E) 55

Question 39

Older women who are widowed or divorced often find cohabitation functional because

A) they can pool economic resources.
B) they can maintain their sense of independence.
C) they are able to have a regular sex life.
D) they enjoy being more radical than they could be when they were younger.
E) they can have the same daily routines they did when married.

Question 40

Which of the following statements about cohabitation for older adults is correct?

A) For older adults, cohabitation carries more risks than it does for younger adults.
B) Cohabitation in older adults is related to economic disadvantage.
C) Older cohabitants have lower levels of relationship quality than younger cohabitants .
D) Older men benefit from cohabitation rather than remaining single.
E) Older divorced or widowed women prefer to marry within 2 years of the end of their marriage.

Question 41

Which of the following types of couples would be most likely to choose marriage over cohabitation?

A) a professional couple with both partners having graduate degrees.
B) a working class couple with both partners having no more than a high school diploma.
C) a homeless couple who are both high school drop outs.
D) a poor couple who are both high school dropouts.
E) a working class couple with one spouse who is a skilled tradesperson and the other spouse who is a high school graduate.

Question 42

Marriage tends to be less satisfying for women, in part, because

A) women are more difficult to satisfy in personal relationships.
B) women's expectations of marital happiness are higher than men's expectations.
C) women are held more responsible for children, which impacts on their employment and leisure time more than it does on men's.
D) women are held responsible for keeping the romance in marriage even though men are often not romantically inclined.
E) women assume they will 'live happily ever after' and do not realize that a good marriage takes effort.

Question 43

Women who are most comfortable with cohabitation tend to be women who

A) are younger than 30.
B) have parents whom are divorced.
C) are engaged to the person they are cohabiting with.
D) require the economic support of their cohabiting partner.
E) have children.

Question 44

One of the obligations that challenges the institutionalization of marriage with respect to same-sex marriages is

A) the commitment to monogamy and fidelity.
B) the obligation to provide economically for one's partner.
C) the provision of same-sex benefits to each partner.
D) the emotional support required by each partner.
E) the pursuit of similar hobbies and interests.

Question 45

Adolescent attitudes about nonmarital sex indicate a gender divide whereby

A) same-sex adolescent couples are more likely to have a positive view towards sex than are opposite-sex couples.
B) heterosexual females are much less likely to approve of sex on the first date than are heterosexual males.
C) heterosexual males are much less likely to approve of sex on the first date than are heterosexual females.
D) heterosexual males and heterosexual females are equally likely to disapprove of sex on the first date.
E) heterosexual males and heterosexual females are equally likely to approve of sex on the first date.

Question 46

Which of the following statements is NOT true of adolescents who have multiple sex partners?

A) Adolescents with multiple partners practise safe sex.
B) Adolescents with multiple partners have lower school achievement.
C) Adolescents with multiple partners have a more difficult parent-child relationship.
D) Adolescents with multiple partners tend to consume alcohol more.
E) Adolescents with multiple partners are less likely to receive a great deal of supervision.

Question 47

Individuals who are born into one sex but, from very early in their lives, have never felt comfortable in this designation are referred to as

A) gay.
B) lesbian.
C) homosexual.
D) bisexual.
E) transgendered.

Question 48

In a marriage, the frequency of intercourse largely diminishes with

A) age.
B) number of years married.
C) social class.
D) cohabitational status.
E) the arrival of children.

Question 49

The higher frequency of sexual intercourse among cohabiters than married couples is probably explained by

A) the greater commitment of cohabiters.
B) biases in studies on this topic.
C) the fact that cohabitations are of short duration.
D) the greater love experienced by cohabiters.
E) the less conservative norms of cohabiters.

Question 50

Men are least sexually faithful

A) in unhappy marriages.
B) in gay unions.
C) among the upper class.
D) in dating relationships.
E) in cohabiting relationships.

Question 51

What kinds of risk factors are generally associated with adolescent dating and sexual behaviour?

Question 52

Use exchange theory and feminism to explain the gendered nature of dating.

Question 53

Is endogamy in partner selection functional?

Question 54

Discuss the reasons that cohabitation might be favoured over marriage for many couples.

Question 55

How does marriage benefit men and women? In what ways are the benefits accrued from marriage greater than in cohabitating relationships?

Question 56

Explain why the societal norm of monogamy in marriage might be challenging for same-sex couples.