Deck 2: History and Cultural Diversity of Canadian Families

Question 1

Historical approaches make it possible to examine the diversity of family systems.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Early First Nations families were extended ones within clans, tribes, and bands.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The societies of the Plains Cree and the Nadouek people were both patriarchal and patrilineal.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In contrast to the Plains Cree, the Nadouek or Iroquois were nomadic people.

Question 5

The First Nations wives of early French colonists contributed to the growth of the fur trade.

Question 6

The extended family sharing one household was the norm during the Colonial Period.

Question 7

During British colonial rule in Upper Canada, men received better treatment from the law, including custody of their children.

Question 8

Children that were sent from the British Isles to Canada between 1869 to the late 1930s are referred to as "home children."

Question 9

Home children were sent to Canada from the British Isles beginning in the late 1800s were from the upper classes.

Question 10

The western provinces in the middle of the 19^th century were populated exclusively with British and French European immigrants.

Question 11

The primary unit of First Nations social structure is the clan.

Question 12

More than half of all modern-day Aboriginals who are registered as Status Indians live on reserves.

Question 13

Marital breakdown in Black couples is a consequence of cultural differences.

Question 14

"Love-marriages" for Indo-Canadians are currently legal in Canada..

Question 15

Motherhood is a key source of power for women in India.

Question 16

The term patrilineal refers to

A) a family structure that recognizes descent and inheritance through the mother's line.
B) a family structure that recognizes descent and inheritance through the father's line.
C) a family structure where the wife resides with the father's family after marriage.
D) a form of social organization in which the male acts as head of the family.
E) relations on the father's side.

Question 17

When the Europeans arrived in the Americas in the 1490s, the Aboriginal population in what is now Canada numbered

A) less than 200,000.
B) less than 300,000.
C) more than 500,000.
D) more than 1,000,000.
E) less than 100,000.

Question 18

The tradition of residing with the wife's family after marriage is referred to as

A) patrilineal.
B) matrilineal.
C) patrilocality.
D) matrilocality.
E) polygamy.

Question 19

In the early 1700s, First Nations populations were greatly reduced by

A) inter-tribal warfare.
B) disease such as influenza and chicken pox.
C) famine.
D) hunting accidents.
E) exposure to the cold.

Question 20

In New France during the 1700s, monetary rewards were given for

A) restricting the number of births per family.
B) giving birth to a male child before the age of 17.
C) giving birth to a female child before the age of 21.
D) practicing celibacy.
E) females who married before the age of 16.

Question 21

In the 1700s, what measures did the government of France take to increase the population of New France?

A) promoting high fertility to produce larger families.
B) encouraging more families to emigrate from France.
C) encouraging polygamy among the French.
D) prohibiting the French from migrating within Canada.

Question 22

Following the conquest of Quebec in 1763 and then up to Confederation, the British wanted to keep their new French-speaking colony stable. What made stability possible?

A) They forced the Québécois to adopt the English language.
B) They allowed for the continuation of the Roman Catholic Church.
C) They made English civil law mandatory.
D) They created new laws that forbade marriage before the age of 22.
E) They transformed Quebec from an agrarian backwater into an industrial powerhouse.

Question 23

What was one method used by residential schools to eradicate the various Aboriginal cultures?

A) Aboriginal children were given difficult chores to complete.
B) Aboriginal children were provided with poor quality food to eat.
C) Aboriginal children were severely beaten for minor infractions.
D) Aboriginal children were taught farming and agricultural skills.
E) Aboriginal children were forced to take Christian names.

Question 24

British colonial relations with First Nations people were based on a patriarchal domestic model that treated them as _____ and the government as the _____.

A) servants; master
B) equal citizens; provider of equal rights
C) women; husband
D) unruly children; benevolent father
E) weak; protector

Question 25

Early Black Canadian families

A) were nuclear in structure.
B) were all ruled under the institution of slavery.
C) were allowed land settlements.
D) husbands worked outside the home and wives held traditional roles.
E) practised a reversal of traditional gender roles.

Question 26

The legacy of slavery, prejudice, discrimination, and difficult economic times resulted in Black families with

A) a traditional patriarchal family structure.
B) a communal way of life in which kinship became extremely important.
C) a nuclear family structure with gender equality.
D) greater independence from other Black families.
E) interracial marriages with Euro-Canadians.

Question 27

During the period of industrialization in 19^th century Toronto and Montreal, working class women constituted which percentage of the labour force?

A) An eighth
B) A tenth
C) A quarter
D) A third
E) A half

Question 28

Industrialization in Upper Canada and the Maritimes changed the family structure
Whereby

A) The division of labour within marriage became even more differentiated.
B) Domestic and labour duties now began to be equally shared between man and wife.
C) Children increasingly began to work outside of the home.
D) Children were required to live with other families.
E) A shift occurred from the nuclear family model to an extended family model.

Question 29

After Confederation in 1867, the western regions of Canada began to be populated
Mainly by

A) Swedes, Germans, Ukrainians, and Italians.
B) British immigrants.
C) Blacks from the Maritimes.
D) First Nations people.
E) Americans.

Question 30

Multiculturalism influenced a change in family structure due to

A) the isolation settlers experienced in western Canada.
B) the influence of the Catholic church.
C) the lack of urban centres in western Canada.
D) large-scale immigration.
E) the influence of eastern Canadian traditions.

Question 31

Social stratification in western Canada was influenced by

A) an agricultural economy.
B) urbanization and industrialization.
C) the isolation of rural life.
D) settlement by Blacks fleeing the United States.
E) residential schools.

Question 32

The term _____ describes late 19^th century _____ immigrants who settled in Canada on an impermanent basis.

A) stranger; Chinese
B) sojourner, Chinese;
C) sojourner; Black
D) home children; young
E) Francophone, French

Question 33

Which region did the majority of the 1.6 million immigrants that came to Canada between 2006 and 2011 come from?

A) European
B) Caribbean
C) Latin American
D) Asian
E) African

Question 34

One of the many consequences of poverty among First Nations is

A) their high rate of intermarriage.
B) a high unemployment rate.
C) their segregation on reservations.
D) their relatively high rates of ill health.
E) their lack of access to social services.

Question 35

The fastest growing group in Canada is

A) French Canadians.
B) German immigrants.
C) Chinese immigrants.
D) Blacks.
E) Aboriginals.

Question 36

Over the past decade, Aboriginal people have

A) provided little input into government policy and self-governance.
B) adapted strategies for self-determination and self-government.
C) completely broken away from Canadian government policy.
D) broken away from all cultural traditions.
E) relied more on Canadian government policy to regulate their land and culture.

Question 37

First Nations family kinship patterns

A) are less extensive than those of other Canadians.
B) are not valued in Aboriginal culture.
C) are twice as extensive as those of other Canadians.
D) vary from region to region.
E) depend upon their community.

Question 38

Which changes to contemporary Quebec families can be attributed to the second
Wave of feminism in Quebec?

A) A decline in divorce rates and in increase in birth rates.
B) A decline in birth rates and in increase in divorce rates.
C) A decline in marriage rates and an increase in birth rates.
D) A decline in birth rates and an increase in marriage rates.
E) A decline in divorce rates and an increase in marriage rates.

Question 39

Factors that have contributed to the evolution of black family patterns include

A) the relatively low percentage of black families in Canada.
B) their lack of coping strategies to adapt to Canadian culture.
C) self-imposed restrictions to full participation in Canadian life.
D) racism, structural inequalities, and the social environment in which they must function.
E) family traditions that do not comply with social values in Canada.

Question 40

The tendency for black women to be the head of the household is due to

A) traditional matriarchal family structures.
B) black women are more highly educated and earn a larger wage.
C) black men prefer women to head the family.
D) the high divorce rate and greater tendency to have nonmarital births.
E) black women remain in the home and are responsible for family decisions.

Question 41

How did Confucianism shape traditional Chinese family structure?

A) partners were chosen based on family needs and values
B) partners were chosen based on love and affection
C) partners were forced to pay each other's families a dowry.
D) partners were able to remain living with their respective families.
E) partners were able to have an unlimited number of children.

Question 42

The one-child-per-family policy adopted by China in 1970

A) did not change the Chinese family structure.
B) increased the number of female births.
C) shows how policy can alter family structure.
D) influenced preference for female children.
E) was accepted readily by all Chinese citizens.

Question 43

Chinese-Canadians currently represent

A) Canada's smallest visible minority.
B) immigrants and descendants who have rejected traditional culture.
C) Canada's largest visible minority group.
D) the most discriminated-against visible minority in Canada.
E) a group that has been assimilated, losing their cultural identity.

Question 44

A pattern that can be discerned among children of Chinese immigrants is that they

A) generally reject their parents' culture.
B) often act as cultural brokers for their parents.
C) generally experience a high level of intergenerational conflict.
D) are often ashamed of their parents' inability to learn the English language.
E) retain their own culture more often than children of other immigrant groups.

Question 45

Chinese-Canadian parents have been successful at

A) persuading their children to assimilate into Canadian culture.
B) strictly maintaining Chinese traditions within the family.
C) restricting children from full participation in Canadian culture.
D) helping their children retain Chinese traditions and values.
E) persuading their children to move to the United States.

Question 46

Despite our immigration policies, Asians and other minority groups have difficulty participating in family life because

A) Canada's immigration policies tend to reinforce the nuclear family.
B) they do not immigrate as families.
C) they are more likely to sponsor friends versus family members.
D) do not value family life once they immigrate to Canada.
E) they live in non-marital relationships and seldom have children.

Question 47

Arranged marriages in India emphasize

A) financial independence.
B) duty to the parents.
C) social compatibility and duty to parents and ancestors.
D) romantic love and companionship.
E) individual compatibility and personal desires for love and intimacy.

Question 48

In some cases, when Indian families migrate to Canada, they are caught between a
Canadian culture that emphasizes love marriage and their own culture which
Privileges arranged marriage. The term that best describes this is

A) marital conflict
B) marital strife
C) role conflict
D) marital strain
E) marital incompatibility

Question 49

For Indo-Canadian women, family status is enhanced through

A) friendship with the Canadian-born.
B) motherhood.
C) religion.
D) her education.
E) her occupation.

Question 50

Discuss the historical, social, and cultural events that brought about a distinctive 20^th century Black family structure.

Question 51

Compare and contrast the family structures of the early First Nations Families.

Question 52

By 1700, four major events led to women taking on traditional roles in the colony of New France. List and discuss these four events.

Question 53

What were some changes brought about in First Nations Families under British and French colonial rule? How did those changes affect modern-day First Nations families?

Question 54

Explain how the social construction of marriage in Canada shapes the family experiences of Indo-Canadian immigrants to Canada?

Question 55

The changes brought about during the 1960s in Quebec greatly affected family structure. What were these policy changes and what outcomes have they caused today?