Deck 2: Culture: What Makes Us Strangers When We Are Away From Home

Question 1

The process whereby an individual learns his culture from infancy, through experience, observation, and instruction is called

A) education.
B) enculturation.
C) innovation.
D) ideal culture.

Answer 1

enculturation.

Question 2

The process of learning one's culture while growing up in that culture is called

A) acculturation.
B) the culture concept.
C) enculturation.
D) a cognitive process.

Answer 2

enculturation.

Question 3

Definitions of culture that appeared in the 1970s began to include

A) ideas, knowledge, and symbols.
B) a focus on how culture supplies a blueprint for behavior.
C) the idea that culture is transmitted by symbols.
D) how culture is acquired, shared, and transmitted.

Answer 3

a focus on how culture supplies a blueprint for behavior.

Question 4

Ideal culture can be defined as

A) what people believe they should do.
B) what people actually plan.
C) what people want to plan.
D) what people do.

Question 5

Ideal and real cultural patterns are

A) sometimes quite different.
B) generally the same.
C) never the same.
D) always the same.

Question 6

The presence of Coca-Cola drinks in restaurants world wide is an example of

A) innovation.
B) invention.
C) diffusion.
D) none of the above

Question 7

A North American belongs to a conservation organization and votes for political candidates that supports environmental causes, yet drives an SUV.This example can be used to illustrate

A) ideal versus real aspects of culture.
B) the dynamic aspects of culture.
C) the adaptive aspects of culture.
D) the cumulative aspects of culture.

Question 8

Every aspect of culture influences every other aspect of that culture.Thus culture is

A) functionally integrated.
B) dynamic and flexible.
C) adaptive and diverse.
D) learned and shared.

Question 9

To be considered part of a culture, a behavior or custom must be

A) genetically inherited.
B) acquired by trial and error.
C) invented within the group.
D) shared by the group.

Question 10

The ways that humans learn which foods are appropriate foods to eat include

A) observation and language.
B) trial and error and language.
C) imitation and language.
D) all of the above

Question 11

The three major components of culture are

A) material objects, cognitive processes, and behaviors.
B) technology, learned behavior, and innovation.
C) symbols, learned behavior, and diffusion.
D) inventive processes, learned behavior, and diffusion.

Question 12

The earliest definitions of culture did NOT include

A) behavioral processes.
B) how it is acquired.
C) that it is held by a social group.
D) customs.

Question 13

The cognitive processes that are part of culture include all of the following EXCEPT

A) ideas.
B) symbols.
C) values.
D) gestures.

Question 14

What people "think" is an example of the following aspect of human culture:

A) behavior.
B) cognitive process
C) material artifacts.
D) customs.

Question 15

Behavioral aspects of culture include all of the following EXCEPT

A) thinking about a solution to a math problem.
B) playing a musical instrument.
C) playing soccer.
D) interacting with friends.

Question 16

Leslie White emphasized what aspect of culture?

A) The mental and physical reactions and activities of people.
B) Patterns of habitual behavior.
C) The process of the transmission of culture using symbolic systems.
D) Historically created designs for living.

Question 17

The extrasomatic aspect of culture means that culture is

A) inherited, not learned.
B) learned, not genetic
C) beyond learning or inheritance.
D) coded in a person's DNA.

Question 18

What is meant by the phrase "extrasomatic context"?

A) Culture is not inherited genetically.
B) Culture is inherited genetically.
C) Culture is the result of a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors.
D) None of the above.

Question 19

Humans are not born with the ability to speak a specific language.Thus we would say that language as a part of culture is

A) shared.
B) learned.
C) inherited.
D) adaptive.

Question 20

Clifford Geertz's focus in defining culture centers on how culture is

A) a blueprint for behavior.
B) learned.
C) transmitted from one generation to the next.
D) created through innovation.

Question 21

Most aspects of contemporary cultures have come from

A) internal innovations.
B) internal inventions.
C) diffusion.
D) adaptations.

Question 22

More recent definitions of culture, such as that proposed by Clifford Geertz, focuses on how

A) culture is acquired in an extrasomatic context.
B) culture supplied a blue print for behavior.
C) knowledge is transmitted between homogeneous cultures.
D) knowledge is transmitted between heterogeneous cultures.

Question 23

The contemporary toilet is an example of material culture that North American societies acquired by

A) innovation.
B) imitation.
C) diffusion.
D) none of the above

Question 24

Which of the following is a subculture within the United States?

A) Cuban Americans
B) Spaniards
C) Ethiopians
D) Yanomamo

Question 25

Members of the soccer team on a college campus would constitute a

A) culture.
B) subculture.
C) micro-culture.
D) mini-culture.

Question 26

Heterogeneous cultures are those that exhibit

A) deviant individuals.
B) many shared features.
C) few shared features.
D) a lack of subcultures.

Question 27

Homogeneous cultures are those that exhibit

A) deviant individuals.
B) many shared features.
C) few shared features.
D) a lack of shared features.

Question 28

Homogeneous cultures are characterized as

A) small groups that share the same ideas, beliefs, values, knowledge, and behaviors.
B) small groups of the same ethnicity that do not share the same values.
C) microcultures within a subculture that share the same material culture.
D) large cultures that contain microcultures.

Question 29

The adoption of automobile throughout the world illustrates that culture is

A) diverse.
B) cumulative.
C) learned.
D) dynamic.

Question 30

Cellular phone technology could be used to illustrate that culture is

A) cumulative.
B) learned.
C) shared.
D) patterned.

Question 31

From the perspective of anthropology, the idea of separate human races is

A) valid at the subspecies level.
B) valid geographically and evolutionarily.
C) invalid because no clusters of separate genetic traits exist.
D) invalid because ABO blood group distribution is inaccurate.

Question 32

Anthropologists prefer that the term race be replaced with the following term:

A) subspecies.
B) folk population.
C) ethnic group.
D) nation.

Question 33

Which of the following types of data would support the existence of human races?

A) Clinal variations in traits.
B) Genetic clusters of traits.
C) No genetic trait clusters.
D) Plasticity of traits.

Question 34

Ethnic groups are groups of people with the same geographical point of origin and consist of

A) cultural groups.
B) racial groups.
C) subcultures and races.
D) races and microcultures.

Question 35

When anthropologists say that human traits demonstrate plasticity, they mean that traits are

A) influenced by the way they develop during the growth process.
B) modified by genetic errors.
C) determined by DNA variations.
D) determined by nutrition.

Question 36

It has been demonstrated that environmental UVA and UVB levels have resulted in this feature in Homo sapiens:

A) blond hair and red hair.
B) variations in skin color.
C) variations in blood types.
D) our lack of ability to synthesize vitamin

Question 37

Archaeological goals focus on culture in all of the following EXCEPT

A) establishing time sequences of past cultures.
B) appreciating the arts of living cultures.
C) understanding the processes of culture change through time.
D) reconstructing past lifeways.

Question 38

Marvin Harris argues that Americans avoid eating dogs because they are

A) too cute.
B) carry diseases.
C) too costly as a protein source.
D) less efficient sources of protein.

Question 39

List the three major components of culture.

Question 40

Explain the symbolic aspect of human culture.

Question 41

Describe the attributes of a cell phone.

Question 42

Explain what is meant by the statement "An artifact is a fossilized idea."

Question 43

Contrast the features of a homogeneous culture and a heterogeneous culture.

Question 44

Discuss two reasons why material creations are a part of culture.

Question 45

Explain what is meant by a subculture.

Question 46

How is race a cultural construct?

Question 47

Explain the cognitive processes component of culture.

Question 48

Define and explain the concept of culture.

Question 49

Explain the following components of culture: cognitive processes, behaviors, and material creations.

Question 50

How does culture facilitate the adaptation of human populations to their environments?

Question 51

Discuss, with reference to specific examples, how an understanding of the concept of culture can be useful when one is engaged in international business or travel.

Question 52

Discuss how an understanding of the culture concept and the enculturation process can aid each of us in understanding members of our society who have different cultural backgrounds.Cite specific examples to illustrate your points.

Question 53

"Your culture is what makes you a stranger when you are away from home." Discuss and evaluate this statement with reference to _________ readings.(The instructor fills in the name or names of specific assigned readings from a reader or ethnography.)

Question 54

Cite a specific ethnic group and discuss how this group qualifies as a subculture.(Hint: note the features of the group that are shared.)

Question 55

Critique the following definition of culture: "Culture is the knowledge and behavior that a group of people use to survive."

Question 56

Discuss why human skin color cannot be used to identify between human ethnic groups.