Deck 5: Sociocultural Diversity

Question 1

As compared to American students, Asian students prefer to work in groups.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Individuals in collectivistic cultures typically develop successfully even if they lack a positive sense of self and a sense of connectedness to others.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

As compared to individuals of middle- and upper-socioeconomic status, individuals of low- socioeconomic status often have less power to influence a community's institutions.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In 2006, 20 percent of female-headed families lived in poverty.

Question 5

Research shows that two-generation intervention, which provides services for both parents and children in poverty, improved parents' sense of well-being and children's school performance.

Question 6

Children enrolled in "two-generation intervention," an antipoverty program for parents and children, showed higher levels of stress due to increased pressures to achieve.

Question 7

Researchers have found that it takes English-language learners approximately three years to develop speaking and reading proficiency, and most bilingual programs last this long.

Question 8

Recent research shows that, when learning a second language, adolescents and adults learn new vocabulary easier than new sounds or grammar while very young children are better able to pronounce words with a native-like accent.

Question 9

Relationships among students from different cultural backgrounds typically improve when students share personal worries, successes, failures, interests, and other information about themselves.

Question 10

Recent research supports the idea that the brains of males and females are far more different in structure than they are similar.

Question 11

Social views of gender argue that children's gender development is shaped by families, schools, peers, and the media.

Question 12

Stereotypic gender beliefs begin to take root during the middle and late elementary years.

Question 13

According to recent research, girls and boys enter first grade with roughly equal levels of self-esteem, but by the middle school years, boys' self-esteem is significantly lower than is girls'.

Question 14

An example of relational aggression would be one child yelling at his/her friend.

Question 15

Gender bias is present in classrooms, as evidenced by boys being more likely than girls to be identified as having learning problems and problem behavior.

Question 16

Social views of gender emphasize which of the following about gender development?

A) Differences in brain anatomy, specifically the relative sizes of the right and left hemispheres
B) Contexts such as families, schools, peers and the media
C) Genetic factors, such as whether an individual has two X chromosomes or an X and a Y
D) Hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone

Question 17

Which of the following statements best illustrates a sexist comment?

A) In general, boys outperform girls in athletic skills such as running, throwing, and jumping.
B) Women are competent early childhood teachers, but men are incapable of teaching young children.
C) Hormonal changes during puberty lead to increased fat for females and increased muscle mass for males.
D) Boys are generally more active than girls and therefore boys are more likely to fidget and move around the room.

Question 18

Which of the following statements, if true, would provide the strongest support for the idea that males are inherently better than females at solving complex math problems?

A) Girls take fewer math classes than boys do.
B) Parents have higher expectations in math for boys than for girls.
C) As compared to females, males are better suited to a career in math or science.
D) As compared to females, males are better able to visualize in three dimensions.

Question 19

Which of the following statements best describes patterns of behavior generally observed when girls play together?

A) Groups are hierarchically structured.
B) Individuals prefer games that have winners and losers.
C) Individuals often boast of their skill and argue about who is best.
D) Individuals are concerned about relationships and making connections.

Question 20

Which of the following is a biological factor that can contribute to differences in aggression between males and females?

A) Cultural expectations
B) Adult models
C) Hormones
D) Rewarding of aggression

Question 21

Of the following scenarios, which one best depicts quid pro quo sexual harassment?

A) A teacher fails an A student because the student refused sexual advances.
B) A student spreads rumors about several of his or her classmates.
C) A lesbian student is not allowed to join the high school track team.
D) A student spies on another student while showering in the locker room at school.

Question 22

Molly enjoys establishing connections when she talks to her friends. What is this an example of?

A) Sexism
B) Rapport talk
C) Report talk
D) Prejudice

Question 23

Gabriel often furnishes information when talking to someone. What is this an example of?

A) Sexism
B) Rapport talk
C) Report talk
D) Prejudice

Question 24

When Nathan's kindergarten teacher asks him why he plays only with the toy cars, he tells her that cars are what boys are supposed to play with. What is Nathan exhibiting?

A) Sexism
B) Gender stereotypes
C) Discrimination
D) Prejudice

Question 25

Ms. Skiton asks her student Melissa why she is not playing with the other children. Melissa tells her that she forgot to bring her doll and all that is left to play with are "boy's toys" like blocks and cars. What is Melissa exhibiting?

A) Sexism
B) Gender stereotypes
C) Discrimination
D) Prejudice

Question 26

Mrs. Kellerman needs to move some heavy boxes that were placed in front of the supply closet. She asks if there are any male students in her 12 th -grade class that can help her. When a female student asks why only male students can help, Mrs. Kellerman responds that it requires lifting or moving something she considers heavy, and therefore is a man's job. What is Mrs. Kellerman exhibiting?

A) Sexism
B) Gender stereotypes
C) Discrimination
D) Prejudice

Question 27

Rose, a 15-year-old, is best described as self-assured and commanding, yet she is also feminine and nurturing. Rose is demonstrating which of the following concepts?

A) Androgyny
B) Gender stereotypes
C) Discrimination
D) Prejudice

Question 28

Ms. Oleander made the headlines of her town newspaper. Students have accused her of subjecting them to unwelcome sexual conduct that is so severe, persistent, or pervasive that it limits the students' ability to benefit from their education. This is an example of which of the following?

A) Androgyny
B) Hostile environment sexual harassment
C) Quid pro quo sexual harassment
D) Gender-role transcendence

Question 29

A student is accusing Mr. Weiss of threatening to base her grade on her submission to unwelcome sexual conduct. What Mr. Weiss is being accused of is defined as which of the following?

A) Androgyny
B) Hostile environment sexual harassment
C) Quid pro quo sexual harassment
D) Gender-role transcendence

Question 30

During which of the following years has multicultural education in the United States made the most progress in better representing minority and cultural groups in curricula and textbooks?

A) 1900s-1920s
B) 1920s-1940s
C) 1940s-1960s
D) 1960s-1980s

Question 31

In which time period does multicultural education have its roots?

A) Industrial Revolution
B) Vietnam War protests
C) Civil rights movement
D) Women's suffrage movement

Question 32

Goals of multicultural education include all of the following except:

A) Encouraging students to be critical of individuals in other cultural groups
B) Raising the self-esteem of minority students
C) Reducing prejudice among students of different cultural groups
D) Providing equal educational opportunities for all students

Question 33

To better meet the needs of her ethnically diverse class, Mrs. Williams often gives students opportunities to learn more about one another during active group work. Her curriculum activities are often infused with references to current events around the world as well as historical and cultural information. Which of the following best describes Mrs. Williams' instructional approach?

A) Issues-centered education
B) Jigsaw teaching
C) Culturally relevant teaching
D) Direct instruction

Question 34

All of the following strategies are recommended to help reduce bias in the classroom except:

A) Display images of children from various ethnic groups.
B) Select books that provide information about cultures from around the world.
C) Present plays that portray situations from various points of view.
D) Forbid students from discussing their biases and prejudices.

Question 35

All of the following students are demonstrating characteristics of the components of emotional intelligence except:

A) Bill is demonstrating awareness of one's own emotions.
B) Conan had the ability to read the emotions of others.
C) Fern has the ability to manage her own emotions.
D) Lillian has a high IQ.

Question 36

Mrs. Guerenvi provides her students with the opportunity to learn about minorities and cultural groups in hopes of raising her minority students' self-esteem. Which of the following best explains what Mrs. Guerenvi is doing in her classroom?

A) Empowering her students
B) Using culturally relevant education
C) Using issues-centered education
D) Teaching moral thinking

Question 37

Mr. Sansik includes multicultural education as part of all his students' education; he teaches his students to be skillful at examining culture and provides them with the historical factors that shape cultural views. Which of the following best explains what Mr. Sansik is doing in his classroom?

A) Empowering his students
B) Using culturally relevant education
C) Using issues-centered education
D) Teaching moral thinking

Question 38

Mrs. Harris structures her group assignments so that students from different cultural backgrounds will need to cooperate by doing different parts of a project in order to reach a common goal. Mrs. Harris is demonstrating which of the following?

A) The jigsaw classroom
B) Culturally relevant education
C) Issues-centered education
D) Empowerment

Question 39

Mr. Presley has become more aware that different ethnic groups behave in ways that may make some educational tasks more difficult than others. Thus, he provides students with the opportunity to engage in a variety of different tasks, consequently enhancing all of his students' learning potentials. Mr. Presley is demonstrating which of the following?

A) The jigsaw classroom
B) Culturally relevant education
C) Issues-centered education
D) Empowerment

Question 40

Mrs. Wagfield asks her students to bring something to the class that depicts their family histories. She then includes parts of each student's family's history and cultural background into the class's lessons. In this scenario, this teacher is demonstrating which of the following?

A) The jigsaw classroom
B) Culturally relevant education
C) Issues-centered education
D) Empowerment

Question 41

Mr. Ludsberg uses exercises in the class that encourage his students to take the perspective of different characters. He also has his students read books depicting characters that are of a different culture than their own. In this scenario, this teacher is demonstrating which of the following?

A) The jigsaw classroom
B) Culturally relevant education
C) Issues-centered education
D) Empowerment

Question 42

Ms. McGuean uses exercises in the class that encourage her students to think deeply about an interethnic issue. She wants to reduce prejudice among her students by having them think in broader terms. In this scenario, this teacher is demonstrating which of the following?

A) The jigsaw classroom
B) Culturally relevant education
C) Issues-centered education
D) Empowerment

Question 43

According to the text, approximately 50 percent of public school students will be those currently referred to as "minority" by which of the following years?

A) 2010
B) 2015
C) 2020
D) 2025

Question 44

According to the text, by the year 2025, approximately what percentage of public school students will be those currently considered "minority"?

A) 30 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 45

Cultural traits include all of the following except:

A) Behavior patterns
B) Beliefs
C) Traditions
D) Intelligence quotients

Question 46

Research suggests that people in all cultures have a tendency to do which of the following?

A) Believe that what happens in their own culture is natural and correct
B) Perceive that customs from all cultural groups are equally valid
C) Prefer to associate with individuals from different cultural groups
D) Avoid showing favoritism toward any cultural group

Question 47

Of the following questions, which could be best answered by a cross-cultural study?

A) Are males more likely to drop out of school than females?
B) What are some of the biggest problems facing inner-city teenagers?
C) What are differences in study habits between European and Asian school-aged children?
D) What techniques are most useful for teaching children to read?

Question 48

A cross-cultural study of Asian and American children reveals that Asian children are more likely than American children to value which of the following?

A) Personal distinction
B) Personal goals
C) Group integrity
D) Independence

Question 49

A cross-cultural study of American and Asian children reveals that American children are more likely than Asian children to think that which of the following is important?

A) Personal distinction
B) Interdependence of group members
C) Group integrity
D) Harmonious relationships

Question 50

Recent studies about adolescents' time use show each of the following except:

A) U.S. adolescents spend more time in paid work than their counterparts in most developed countries.
B) The largest amount of U.S. adolescents' free time is spent in structured activities, like sports.
C) U.S. adolescents spend about 60 percent as much time on schoolwork as East Asian adolescents.
D) U.S. adolescents may have too much unstructured time for optimal development.

Question 51

Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to the categorization of people based on economic status as well as which of the following two characteristics?

A) Educational and occupational
B) Educational and racial
C) Racial and cultural
D) Racial and occupational

Question 52

Currently in the United States, what percentage of all children live in poverty?

A) Less than 10 percent
B) 17 percent
C) 25 percent
D) Approximately 50 percent

Question 53

In 2006 in the United States, approximately what percentage of Latino families were living below the poverty line?

A) 15 percent
B) 27 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 65 percent

Question 54

Which of the following is not a likely barrier to learning for children living in poverty?

A) Parents' standards are too high.
B) Parents infrequently read to the children.
C) Parents lack sufficient money to pay for educational supplies.
D) Children live in areas where crime and violence is common.

Question 55

As compared to schools in high-income areas, schools in low-income areas are more likely to have which of the following?

A) More students with higher achievement test scores
B) Smaller percentages of students going on to college
C) Higher graduation rates
D) Older and more experienced teachers

Question 56

As compared to schools in high-income areas, schools in low-income areas are more likely to have which of the following?

A) More students with higher achievement test scores
B) Higher graduation rates
C) Larger percentages of students going on to college
D) Younger and less experienced teachers

Question 57

Compared with their economically more advantaged counterparts, children from impoverished communities

A) have less social support.
B) are separated from their families more often.
C) watch more TV.
D) All of these

Question 58

Which of the following statements best describes the topic of Jonathan Kozol's book Savage Inequalities?

A) Lack of medical care for children living in third-world countries
B) Scarcity of resources and poor living conditions endured by urban children living in poverty
C) Shortage of opportunities for minority students to prepare for and gain entrance to college
D) Difficulties faced by female children in the public school system

Question 59

Two-generation intervention, an antipoverty program, provides which of the following services?

A) Preschool for children
B) Adult education for parents
C) Job skill training for parents
D) All of these

Question 60

Of the following teaching strategies, which is least appropriate for working with students in poverty?

A) Avoid creating tension between poor and rich students by valuing all products and performances equally.
B) Expect parents to offer supervision and assistance when children complete assignments at home.
C) Be flexible in determining the right balance between children's freedom and discipline.
D) Try to help unmotivated children get motivated by offering encouragement and positive feedback.

Question 61

As compared to students in the control group, students in the Quantum Opportunities Project were which of the following?

A) More likely to drop out of high school
B) More likely to end up in jail
C) More likely to enroll in college
D) More likely to require food stamps

Question 62

At the onset of the 21 st century, approximately what proportion of school-aged children are considered to be children of color (i.e., African American, Latino, Asian American, and Native American)?

A) 12 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 33 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 63

By the year 2025, it is estimated that approximately what proportion of school-aged children will be children of color (i.e., African American, Latino, Asian American, and Native American)?

A) Less than 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 33 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 64

According to anthropologist John Ogbu, African American and Latino children are placed in a position of subordination and exploitation in the educational system for all of the following reasons except:

A) Teachers and administrators have low academic expectations for the children.
B) The children have numerous behavioral problems.
C) The children have inferior educational opportunities as compared to other children.
D) Negative stereotypes are common.

Question 65

Bilingualism positively effects children's cognitive development in which of the following ways?

A) Enhanced reading ability
B) Improved concept formation and analytical reasoning
C) Cognitive flexibility and complexity
D) All of these

Question 66

Which of the following statements about discrimination experienced by ethnic minority adolescents is True ?

A) Approximately 70 percent of ethnic minority students reported being accused of something or being treated suspiciously.
B) Approximately 20 percent of ethnical minority students reported being insulted, called a name, or harassed.
C) The majority of ethnic minority students reported that other people, such as teachers, expected their work to adhere to unreasonably high standards.
D) The majority of ethnic minority students reported that they do not experience racial hassles.

Question 67

Students in which of the following ethnic groups is LEAST likely to be involved in family obligations, such as assisting parents in their occupations or helping to raise siblings?

A) Mexican American
B) Asian American
C) Non-Latino white
D) All of these ethnicities place a great emphasis on family duty and obligation.

Question 68

What have researchers determined regarding the effectiveness of bilingual education programs?

A) Bilingual education is the most effective way to teach children of immigrants.
B) The language in which instruction is delivered is more important than the quality of instruction.
C) Drawing general conclusions about the effectiveness of bilingual education is difficult because programs vary considerably.
D) One year of bilingual education enables students to develop speaking proficiency.

Question 69

Immigrants who begin learning to speak English at what age are most likely to have difficulty speaking English properly?

A) Between 3 and 7 years of age
B) Between 7 and 10 years of age
C) Between 10 and 12 years of age
D) Between 12 and 15 years of age

Question 70

Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate in helping an individualist teacher interact effectively with students from a collectivist culture?

A) Emphasize competition rather than cooperation.
B) Encourage students to work independently rather than in groups.
C) Avoid becoming friendly with students or parents.
D) Avoid criticizing students in public.

Question 71

Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate in helping a collectivist teacher interact effectively with students from an individualist culture?

A) Avoid talking about your own accomplishments.
B) Try to discourage students from acting competitively.
C) Recognize the importance of allegiance to the group.
D) Compliment students more often than you would in your own culture.

Question 72

Of the following, which one is the best example of a cultural trait?

A) John has brown hair and brown eyes.
B) Holly's family celebrates Thanksgiving.
C) Maria loves her cat.
D) Marcus enjoys swimming.

Question 73

Which of the following traits is the best example of a cultural example?

A) Andrew believes in Santa Claus.
B) Jonah has blonde hair and brown eyes.
C) Samantha enjoys school.
D) Judy has an older sister.

Question 74

Aspen and his family live and adopt the values of an individualistic culture. Thus, you would most likely expect Aspen to do which of the following?

A) Give priority to something that he wants to do
B) Only associate with the kids that are most like him
C) Support what the group of kids that he is interacting with want to do
D) Only believe his parental values

Question 75

Mr. Cuthel notices that one of his students, Michaela, favors preserving the truthfulness of group members as well as the interdependence of the group members. Michaela comes from a culture that believes in which of the following?

A) Collectivist approach
B) Individualistic approach
C) Cross-cultural approach
D) None of these

Question 76

Mr. Vaholden realizes that he has students in his class whose values are personal ones. They want independence, and personal distinction. These students come from a culture that believes in which of the following?

A) Collectivist approach
B) Individualistic approach
C) Cross-cultural approach
D) None of these

Question 77

Ophelia is a student in Ms. Chorex's class. Ms. Chorex knows that Ophelia lives in a female-headed household. Ms. Chorex worries that Ophelia may be one in __________ of children who are living in poverty in a female-headed household.

A) 15 percent
B) 28 percent
C) 42 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 78

Mr. Mariebb learns from one of his students that in his family birthdays are a time of big celebration. His parents have a party and his extended family all comes into town to celebrate. In this scenario, what Mr. Mariebb's student is discussing is which of the following?

A) A cultural example
B) An individualism example
C) A collectivist example
D) Intelligence quotients

Question 79

Erin's parents do not set high educational goals for her and her siblings. They do not spend time reading to her, and they lack the money for educational resources. Judging from the information presented in this scenario, what socioeconomic status are Erin's parents likely to be in?

A) Low SES
B) Middle SES
C) High SES
D) Two-income family

Question 80

Rona's parents cannot take her to museums and parks if these are costly activities. Rona is underfed and lives in an area where crime is widespread and therefore part of the daily routine. Judging from the information presented in this scenario, what socioeconomic status are Rona's parents likely to be in?

A) Low SES
B) Middle SES
C) High SES
D) Two-income family