Deck 7: Sexuality and Sexual Identities

Question 1

Which sexual theory argues that sexuality at its base is a biological expression governed by physiology, genetics, and hormones?

A) Essentialism
B) Social construction theory
C) Functionalism
D) Biological evolution theory

Answer 1

Essentialism

Question 2

The incest taboo is a:

A) cultural prohibition of sexual and marital relations between certain kin.
B)Biological imperative that prevents sexual relations among anyone who identifies as family.
C)Social category of individuals with whom one is permitted to have sexual relations.
D)Set of sexual preventions that allows the nuclear family to function as a socio-economic unit.

Answer 2

cultural prohibition of sexual and marital relations between certain kin.

Question 3

In the Trobriands, Bronislaw Malinowski:

A)Found direct evidence of the Oedipal complex and used these islands as support for the theory.
B)Found indirect evidence of the Oedipal complex and noted that it rarely occurs.
C)Did not find evidence of the Oedipal complex and argued that this was a Western cultural product.
D)Found that the Oedipal complex functioned in older generations but was no longer relevant.

Answer 3

Did not find evidence of the Oedipal complex and argued that this was a Western cultural product.

Question 4

Which sexual theory asserts that cultures shape and constrain the forms sexuality takes?

A) Collectivist theory
B) Cultural function theory
C) Social construction theory
D) Essentialism

Question 5

Which of the following does not describe the biological theory of sexuality?

A) Response to physical stimulus
B) Learned
C) Product of biology
D) Instinctual

Question 6

The Sambia in Papua New Guinea practice what one researcher calls "ritualized homosexuality" in order to:

A) provide young boys with enough manly fluids to be heterosexual.
B) create strong bonds of manhood that will benefit them in times of war.
C)Stabilize the political hierarchy in the tribe by selecting the most manly men as chief.
D) initiate men into a culture of homosexuality as adults.

Question 7

All of the following are aspects associated with sexual norms except they are:

A) created solely to procreate.
B) common or acceptable codes of sexuality.
C) occurring within a specific cultural group.
D) acceptable at a specific historical period.

Question 8

Wexual norms are primarily created and reproduced at all of the following levels except:

A) family.
B) nation.
C) individual.
D) community.

Question 9

The Roman Catholic Church from the 15^th to the 17^th centuries sought to consolidate its definition of marriage by all of the following except:

A) declaring marriage as heterosexual sex only.
B) forbidding all kinds of non-procreative forms of sexuality.
C) outlawing concubinage.
D) prohibiting women from serving as priests.

Question 10

Anthropologist Pardis Mahdavi conducted a study of Iranian youth and found that:

A) there is growing equality among Iranian youth who practice Islam.
B)Educated Muslim youth are rebelling against the state restrictions on sexuality.
C) uneducated Muslim youth are more sexually liberal than educated youth.
D) regardless of class and education the Muslim youth are always more conservative than Christians.

Question 11

Virginity is most highly associated with what type of societies?

A) Matrilineal
B) Patrilineal
C) Bilateral
D) Neolocal

Question 12

Among Bedouin women, what ritual constitutes as full transition to adulthood?

A) First haircutting
B) Menstruation
C) Having the first child
D) Marriage

Question 13

How are Bedouin wedding rituals changing today?

A)The Bedouin are having more private family wedding ceremonies than they once had.
B)The Bedouin are not practicing formal marriage any longer; they tend to cohabitate.
C)The Bedouin have a period of trial marriage until the birth of the first child.
D)The Bedouin today involve other ethnic groups in their ceremonies and even as spouses.

Question 14

Being faithful to one's partner in marriage is called:

A) marriage quality.
B) marriage fidelity.
C) marriage remuneration.
D) virginity.

Question 15

Unlike a friendship, an intimate friendship is customarily associated with:

A)Sexual or erotic components.
B) financial support.
C) childcare and woman-to-woman domestic support.
D) informal conversation.

Question 16

In the late 1800s, the Azande had the practice of keeping "boy wives" for all of the following reasons except as:

A) domestic helpmates.
B) sexual partners.
C) warrior apprenticeships.
D) co-parents.

Question 17

Sexual agency is:

A)A form of sexual referral in which one partner seeks an additional spouse after getting approval from the first spouse.
B) fidelity to one's partner after marriage.
C) a form of sexual interaction in which both partners have sexual equity.
D) the ability that an individual has to choose with whom they will have sex.

Question 18

Which of the following terms was used to refer to a masculine man in Bolivia?

A)Hombre
B) Maricom
C) Motselle
D) Mujer

Question 19

Sexual norms are cultural practices that have been shaped or validated by:

A) individual personalities.
B) social laws.
C) cultural ideologies.
D) political ideals.

Question 20

Timothy Wright, in his study of Bolivian men found that:

A)Homosexuality was socially acceptable and practiced by a wide number of men.
B)Even if men had sex with men they did not necessarily consider themselves to be homosexuals.
C) HIV/AIDS was transmitted at a lower rate in Bolivia because of the traditions of the Roman Catholic Church.
D) women and men practiced sexual fidelity and tended to have longer and more satisfying marriages than in Western societies.

Question 21

Gender and race can and do intersect. During administration of the Dutch East Indies in Indonesia, the colonial government practiced a racial hierarchy in which:

A)Those at the lowest rungs of society, such as native peoples, were believed to have the loosest sexual morals.
B)Those at the highest rungs of society, such as elite Europeans, were believed to have the loosest sexual morals.
C)Those with the highest sexual morals were believed to be descended from only the native aristocracy.
D) commoners had no sexual or moral standing.

Question 22

Which of the following areas has been hardest hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic?

A) Southern Africa
B) Western Asia
C) Northern Europe
D) East Indies

Question 23

How many people today are estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS globally?

A) 13 million
B) 34 million
C) 121 million
D) 3 million

Question 24

The type of sexual desire or attraction that a person claims is called:

A) sexual orientation.
B) sexual fidelity.
C) sexual agency.
D) sexual identity.

Question 25

An enduring sexual desire or attraction for someone of the opposite sex, the same sex, or both is called:

A) sexual identity.
B) sexual orientation.
C) sexual object choice.
D) sexual norm.

Question 26

Studies by Alfred Kinsey in the 1940s and 1950s found that:

A)A large percentage of adults in the U.S. had had sexual experiences outside of their claimed identity.
B) a majority of adults in the U.S. had practiced homosexuality on at least one occasion.
C) sexual identity was very fluid in the U.S. and most adults had difficulties identifying themselves according to a sexual binary.
D) more women than men had had extramarital affairs both before and after marriage.

Question 27

Before the 1800's, Western church doctrine believed the sole purpose of sexual intercourse was for:

A) language.
B) dress.
C) right-handedness.
D) manners.

Question 28

The most influential sex researcher of the 20^th century was:

A) Alfred Kinsey.
B) Marie Curie.
C) Steven Klein.
D) Phillip Lerouin.

Question 29

"Coming out" is a term that refers to:

A) the practice of homosexuality as a sexual object orientation.
B) the period in which a person declares that they are gay or lesbian.
C) identification as a bisexual individual.
D) an inability to create and sustain a fixed and stable sexual identity.

Question 30

Bisexuality is an erotic desire and attraction to:

A) both men and women.
B) homosexual individuals only.
C) heterosexual individuals only.
D) all emerging sexual identities.

Question 31

Almost all members of the LGBT community are also bisexual.

Question 32

Early (proto-) anthropologists were very interested in sexuality across cultures.

Question 33

Non-consensual sexual intercourse by a husband within marriage was the right of the husband in the United States up until the 1990s.

Question 34

The Sambia case of ritualized heterosexuality practiced between brothers and sisters is a cultural product.

Question 35

The period of adolescence is homogeneous across cultures.

Question 36

In patrilineal societies, virginity is a political resource used by families.

Question 37

Today the Bedouin see marriage more as a ritual that belongs to the whole community and not just to the couple.

Question 38

The Moso of China practice a form of "visitation" as marriage and do not have formal marriage rituals.

Question 39

Sexual ideologies vary across space and time.

Question 40

Sexuality and gender identity are always separate areas of behavior.

Question 41

Sexual identity is the type of sexual desire or attraction that a person claims.

Question 42

An enduring sexual desire or attraction for someone of the opposite sex, same sex, or both is called sexual orientation.

Question 43

When it comes to sexual attraction, gender is more important than sex for many people.

Question 44

There are emerging new sexual identities due to the effects of globalization.

Question 45

​What is essentialism in sexuality studies?

Question 46

Compare and contrast essentialism and social construction theory as they relate to human sexuality.

Question 47

?What are sexual norms?

Question 48

​What is the role of virginity in patrilineal societies?

Question 49

​What is meant by the term "bisexuality"?

Question 50

Define and discuss the role of the incest taboo in our understanding of sexuality across cultures.

Question 51

​How have sexual identities in the West changed over the last 200 years?

Question 52

​How does cultural ideology shape sexual norms?