Deck 14: Data Processing and Control

Question 1

One of the basic functional blocks of a microcomputer is the arithmetic logic unit.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The address bus, along with the data and control busses, is bidirectional.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The control bus and memories share a bidirectional relationship in a typical microcomputer system.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The two classes of devices that computer systems use to hold information are memory devices and storage devices.

Question 5

Cache memory is used to overcome the relatively high costs of main memory.

Question 6

BIOS memory holds system- specific low- level code.

Question 7

Content addressable memory is also called associative memory.

Question 8

Interfaces that allow computers to transfer data to and from external devices are called data buffers

Question 9

Memory- mapped I/O and direct I/O differ in that memory- mapped I/O stores data in memory before transferring it in or out of the computer.

Question 10

The width of the address bus determines how many locations the microprocessor can directly access.

Question 11

One function of the control bus is to control the speed at which the processor operates.

Question 12

Control buses differ from other system buses in that control bus signals are unidirectional.

Question 13

Computer systems use buffers to decrease the propagation delay of system buses.

Question 14

System software is called the operating system.

Question 15

Word processors and spreadsheet programs are examples of application software.

Question 16

Logic devices whose outputs must share signal lines with the outputs of other devices must have tri- state of open collector outputs to avoid bus contention.

Question 17

When the fanout of a device is exceeded the device may not meet its output voltage or timing specifications.

Question 18

Buffers are used to ensure that the power dissipation of a device driving multiple loads is not exceeded.

Question 19

One drawback of buffers is that they increase the propagation delay of signals passing through them.

Question 20

To ensure that processors can specify which device in the system they wish to access, digital devices like memory have a chip select or chip enable input.

Question 21

General purpose processors typically have control lines with which to select system devices.

Question 22

Wait states are used to ensure that processor signals meet the setup and hold times of system devices.

Question 23

Synchronous buses uses a clocking signal to ensure that signal meet setup and hold times but are slower than asynchronous buses.

Question 24

Memory and other peripheral devices typically have a signal that lets the processor know when data is ready.

Question 25

Encoders can be used to generate wait state signals.

Question 26

When a program is running, the processor goes through a fetch/execute cycle.

Question 27

Instructions are decoded during the fetch phase of an processor cycle.

Question 28

Pipelining is a means of increasing the bus speed of a processor.

Question 29

Another name for the condition code register is the instruction decode register.

Question 30

Processor registers consist of general purpose registers to store data the processor may require and special registers that perform special functions within the processor.

Question 31

The address register generates the sequence of memory addresses from which program instructions are taken.

Question 32

During a read operation the processor places an address on the address bus, generates a read signal, and waits for the selected device to place data on the data bus.

Question 33

During a write operation the processor places an address on the address bus and data on the data bus, and the device generates a write signal to indicate it has stored the data.

Question 34

One role of the CPU is to coordinate the operation of devices in the computer system.

Question 35

Multitasking operating systems requires hardware support from the CPU.

Question 36

Processors typically use only one addressing mode to standardize how data is stored and accessed in a system.

Question 37

The object manipulated by a processor instruction is called the operand.

Question 38

Operands are always one- byte values.

Question 39

Immediate addressing implicitly contains the operand address in the opcode.

Question 40

One addressing mode that requires an additional register to generate the operand address is indexed addressing.

Question 41

Two events than can cause the processor to deviate from its normal operation are exceptions and interrupts.

Question 42

Polled I/O operation is periodic, inefficient, and generally allows no priority assignments.

Question 43

The interrupt- driven I/O scheme overcomes the problems associated with polled I/O by communicating with the CPU through the address bus.

Question 44

The difference between exceptions and interrupts are that exceptions are generated by hardware and interrupts are generated by software.

Question 45

Special subroutine that contains instructions to process interrupts and exceptions are called programmable interrupt controllers.

Question 46

Processors must automatically store the contents of the condition code register on the stack when responding to an interrupt or exception.

Question 47

The addresses of the routines that handle interrupts and exceptions are stored in a special region of memory called the stack.

Question 48

A bus master is any device in the computer system that can control the system buses.

Question 49

In some computer systems only the CPU is a bus master.

Question 50

Bus master use interrupts to gain control of the system bus from the CPU.

Question 51

One important class of bus master is the DMA (direct memory access) controller.

Question 52

DMA allows the CPU to process data transfers between RAM and I/O devices faster by speeding up the CPU clock during operations that do not require the use of the ALU.

Question 53

One role of the operating system is to schedule and allocate system resources.

Question 54

Multitasking allows a single processor to run more than one process.

Question 55

Processors have supervisor and user states to ensure that only certain processes in multiuser or multitasking systems have access to restricted system resources.

Question 56

A system device that handles many details of memory operation in a computer system is the DMA controller.

Question 57

One type of system service provided by a multitasking operating system is passing messages between system processes.

Question 58

Microcontrollers are a type of general purpose processor.

Question 59

Microcontrollers are most often used to build systems that will run application software.

Question 60

Microcontroller designs must typically include additional system devices like external memory, memory controllers, and communication controllers.

Question 61

GPIO stands for general purpose I/O.

Question 62

Microcontrollers use ADCs and DACs to interact with the analog world.

Question 63

Microcontroller systems that track moving objects require two quadrature encoders for each axis of motion.

Question 64

Pulse width modulators are often used for motor control in microcontroller systems.

Question 65

Microcontroller peripherals typically require control registers to specify how the peripheral will function.

Question 66

Microcontrollers use data registers to contain information about conditions associated with peripheral operation.

Question 67

Which of the following is not normally a part of a microcomputer?

A) control unit
B) multiplexer
C) ALU
D) memory unit

Question 68

Which of the following is a typical microcomputer input device?

A) monitor
B) printer
C) plotter
D) keyboard

Question 69

The processor unit responsible for performing operations such as multiplication and complementing binary data values is the _________.

A) instruction decode register
B) register array
C) arithmetic logic unit
D) timing and control unit

Question 70

Application programs and data are contained in a computer system's _________.

A) BIOS memory
B) main memory
C) cache memory
D) FIFO memory

Question 71

A storage device typically _________.

A) stores information electronically
B) is a semiconductor device
C) contains dynamic information that frequently changes
D) interfaces with the system through a peripheral device

Question 72

A 16- bit address bus can directly access up to _________.

A) 256 memory locations
B) 65,536 memory locations
C) 16 memory locations
D) 1,024 memory locations

Question 73

To access 16 MB (16,777,216) memory locations a processor requires _________,

A) 24- bit address bus
B) 32- bit address bus
C) 64- bit address bus
D) 20- bit address bus

Question 74

BIOS memory contains code that _________.

A) loads the operating system
B) installs drivers to configure and provide access to system hardware
C) runs the power on self- test (POST)
D) all of the above

Question 75

BIOS memory _________.

A) contains the computer operating system
B) contains the same code for all computer systems
C) must retain information when power is removed
D) all of the above

Question 76

Computers use FIFO (first- in, first- out) memory for __________.

A) the system stack
B) caching data
C) special data structures called queues
D) memory- mapped I/O

Question 77

An I/O port can be _________.

A) an input, output, or both
B) direct or memory mapped
C) serial or parallel
D) all of the above

Question 78

The system bus consists of all of the following except _________.

A) power bus
B) control bus
C) data bus
D) address bus

Question 79

Address bus signals typically __________.

A) open collector
B) unidirectional
C) are active- HIGH
D) all of the above

Question 80

The control bus signals of a processor differ from address and data bus signals in that they_________

A) must always be buffered
B) operate at different logic level voltages
C) are always active- LOW
D) vary in characteristic, nature, and function from each other