Deck 14: Crimes in the 21st Century

Question 1

Which statement best summarizes the challenges associated with creating a typology of high-tech crime?

A) The crimes are so complicated it is difficult for others to understand.
B) There are so few types of high-tech crimes that it is difficult to derive enough categories.
C) The crimes are complex and contain many elements making it difficult to create distinct categories.
D) The crimes are so similar to white-collar crime that it is difficult to create a unique typology that is distinct from existing typologies.

Answer 1

The crimes are complex and contain many elements making it difficult to create distinct categories.

Question 2

Which global system is information technology (IT) the key to?

A) business
B) Internet
C) economic
D) social

Answer 2

economic

Question 3

Cybercrime presents a compelling challenge for the justice system and law enforcement community. Which statement does NOT accurately describe the challenge cybercrime creates?

A) Cybercrime is rapidly evolving with new schemes being created daily.
B) Cybercrime is difficult to detect through traditional law enforcement channels.
C) Cybercrime's control demands that agents of the justice system develop technical skills that match those of the perpetrators.
D) Cybercrime necessitates a lighter sentence due to limited state and federal laws.

Answer 3

Cybercrime necessitates a lighter sentence due to limited state and federal laws.

Question 4

What type of cybercriminal is motivated by the desire to commit technological destruction?

A) cyberterrorist
B) cybervandal
C) cybertheft
D) cyberspy

Question 5

Why is it difficult to calculate an accurate computer crime rate?

A) Computer crime is often not reported by companies.
B) Most companies exaggerate the amount of computer crime.
C) Most companies are involved in computer crime and do not want to implicit themselves.
D) Police are not interested in computer crime because it is a private matter.

Question 6

What percentage of attacks on businesses is estimated to be in the e-commerce area?

A) 4
B) 16
C) 55
D) 61

Question 7

What term refers to the situation in which pornography websites send consumers to other sites involuntarily?

A) tripping
B) mousetrapping
C) slagging
D) ping-ponging

Question 8

What type of computer crime uses a computer to reprogram another for illicit purposes; for example, telling a bank computer to put deposits in the criminal's accounts?

A) salami slice
B) super zapping
C) Trojan horse
D) logic bomb

Question 9

What term refers to the use of a maintenance subroutine to supersede an antitheft program?

A) salami slicing
B) super-zapping
C) interroutining
D) program redundancy

Question 10

A virus program is secretly attached to the company's computer system. What type of computer crime is this an example of?

A) computer voyeurism
B) data leakage
C) the logic bomb
D) super-zapping

Question 11

What type of computer program disrupts or destroys existing programs and networks?

A) logic bomb
B) trap door
C) virus
D) Trojan horse

Question 12

In 1986, the first bootable PC virus was released. What was the virus called?

A) Melissa macro
B) Hacker's haven
C) the Brain
D) Morris worm

Question 13

In 2003, which Internet "worm" infected hundreds of thousands of computers as the fastest spreading worm in history?

A) Trojan
B) Morris
C) Slammer
D) Earth

Question 14

In 2004, the first webworm was launched which used Google to find new targets. What was the worm called?

A) Sony
B) Daprosy
C) Laroux
D) Santy

Question 15

What term is used to describe the intentional manipulation of the securities marketplace through the use of the Internet for the purposes of profit?

A) Internet fraud
B) Internet manipulation
C) e-fraud
D) electronic fraud

Question 16

George posts negative information about a particular company in an attempt to reduce stock price. Once the price has lowered, George purchases the stock before the company is able to reverse the negative damage and re-inflate the stock price. What crime has George committed?

A) fraudulent stock exchange
B) illegal touting
C) illegal infringement
D) market manipulation

Question 17

Identity theft is a type of cybercrime that has grown at surprising rates over the past few years. Which statement does NOT accurately describe identity theft?

A) Identity theft can destroy a person's life by manipulating credit records or stealing from their bank accounts.
B) Opening new lines of credit is the most common goals of credit card thieves.
C) Some identity theft schemes are extremely elaborate.
D) Much is known about the extent of identity theft.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a common phishing scam?

A) account verification scams in which the victim is directed to a bogus website by clicking the legitimate-looking address
B) the Nigerian 419 scam in which an alleged representative of a foreign government asking the victim to help move money from one account to another
C) a free credit report through Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax
D) an e-mail is received about a free gift or prize that requires the victim to send their credit card info to take care of shipping and handling

Question 19

Which term refers to phishing; that is, the act of setting up phony websites to gain access to personal information?

A) e-hooking
B) e-tailing
C) vishing
D) spoofing

Question 20

What is the purpose of phishing?

A) to make connections in order launder money
B) to protect against potential internet scams
C) to gain access to personal information
D) to fence illegal goods

Question 21

What term refers to the use of computer networks to illegally acquire privileged information?

A) e-tailing fraud
B) cyberterrorism
C) cyberwar
D) cyberespionage

Question 22

What is a method used by terrorist groups to acquire funds to carry out operations?

A) collecting donations using fraudulent charities websites
B) threatening existing organizations with a denial-of-service attack
C) using profits from illegal touting scams
D) using profits from selling illegal goods on the Internet

Question 23

Why is international cooperation required for the control of cybercrime?

A) It is too expensive to combat cybercrime on the national level.
B) Cybercrime can operate from anywhere in the world making it a global matter to control.
C) International efforts are required to detect cybercrime.
D) Recognizing cybercrime at the international level will act as more of a deterrent to cybercriminals.

Question 24

What is the name of the first international treaty that was created to address the cybercrime?

A) the Internet Crime Treaty
B) the Convention on Cybercrime
C) the Treaty of Cybercrime Enforcement
D) the Declaration of Cybercrime Prevention

Question 25

What is type of crime is website damage or defacement?

A) cybervandalism
B) cyberterrorism
C) cyberespionage
D) cybertheft

Question 26

What generally motivates cybervandals?

A) thrill
B) need
C) greed
D) malice

Question 27

Which reason often motivates Internet crimes?

A) revenge against an enemy
B) a need to exhibit technical skills and prowess
C) a need to spy on other people's private information
D) a need to make cash with computer ransom

Question 28

What type of threat is represented by Titan Rain?

A) cyberfraud
B) cyberterrorism
C) cyberespionage
D) cyberstalking

Question 29

Which of the following led to the emergence of a national gang syndicate?

A) the advent of the Internet
B) the implementation of prohibition
C) changing values in society
D) weak law enforcement strategies

Question 30

Besides narcotics distribution and Internet pornography, what generates most organized crime income?

A) charitable funds
B) terrorism
C) human trafficking
D) labour unions

Question 31

What term best describes international covert crime activities that involve large networks of people?

A) national crime organizations
B) the Mafia
C) international crime groups
D) transnational organized crime

Question 32

What term is used to describe a crime that is committed in more than one state by the same criminal organization?

A) international
B) transnational
C) regional
D) intercontinental

Question 33

Which statement does NOT describe the decline of Mafia power?

A) Reigning family heads are quite old.
B) The code of silence is now regularly broken by younger members.
C) Emerging ethnic gangs want to muscle in on traditional syndicate activities.
D) Younger members are not as educated as earlier generations.

Question 34

Which statement best describes the current state of traditional organized crime syndicates?

A) They are thriving and gaining "membership."
B) They are eroding and in decline.
C) They are maintaining stability but only in large city "territories.
D) They are virtually nonexistent having been replaced by newer ethnic gangs.

Question 35

What is a main goal for transnational organized crime?

A) political change
B) economic gain
C) social transformation
D) exporting terrorism

Question 36

What has enabled the recent success of transnational organized crime?

A) social change
B) economic turmoil
C) tools of the internet
D) traditional forms of organization

Question 37

What type of crime have organized crime cartels recently become involved in?

A) pirating software
B) securities fraud
C) cyberespionage
D) cybertrafficking

Question 38

What is characteristic of a nation in which a transnational crime syndicate is most likely to develop?

A) a weak government with no effective methods of opposition
B) a corrupt government who is willing to work with the organization for a cut of the profits
C) areas with a stable economy and disposable income
D) areas with few existing crime syndicates to limit competition

Question 39

What is the main focus of eastern European gangs?

A) Internet securities fraud
B) political terrorism
C) drug smuggling
D) human trafficking

Question 40

In contrast to other international organizations, what crime is Russian organized crime more involved with?

A) money laundering
B) drug smuggling
C) human trafficking
D) illegal arms sales

Question 41

What crime is Russian organized crime less likely to be involved with?

A) human trafficking
B) healthcare fraud
C) drug trafficking
D) extortion

Question 42

How much in illegal drug proceeds do Mexican gangs annually smuggle in for laundering?

A) $10 million to $100 million
B) $100 million to $1 billion
C) $1 billion to $5 billion
D) $8 billion to $25 billion

Question 43

What crimes are Asian transnational organized gangs notorious for?

A) political corruption
B) illegal arms sales and terrorism
C) drug smuggling and human trafficking
D) corruption in industrial construction

Question 44

What kind of crime must carry with it the intent to disrupt and change the government and must not be a simple common-law crime committed for reasons of greed or egotism?

A) political crime
B) Marxist revolution
C) workplace violence
D) computer theft

Question 45

How do most political criminals characterize themselves?

A) vengeful
B) greedy
C) selfless
D) frustrated

Question 46

An individual who threatens an adversary in response to a difference in political opinion is engaging in what method to achieve their political goal?

A) oppression
B) coercion
C) bullying
D) intimidation

Question 47

What term is used to describe a political criminal who does not view their actions as criminal but rather in the best interest of society?

A) decisive
B) conviction
C) purposeful
D) intimidation

Question 48

What term is used to describe a political criminal whose actions are criminally motivated but disguises these motivations by presenting the actions as selfless and beneficial to society?

A) pseudo-conviction
B) pseudo-criminal
C) false-conviction
D) imitation-crime

Question 49

What term refers to the act of an individual or group who engages in actions with the purpose to topple the current government and replace it with their leader of choice?

A) revolution
B) democracy
C) equality
D) political harmony

Question 50

What type of election fraud is vandalizing a polling station in an attempt to scare individuals and to prevent individuals from voting an example of?

A) neutralization
B) espionage
C) intimidation
D) terrorism

Question 51

What term describes acts that are specifically designed to scare individuals away from polling stations to prevent them from casting their vote?

A) coercion
B) intimidation
C) anarchism
D) preventative tactics

Question 52

What type of election fraud is the circulation of incorrect information regarding the location of polling stations to voters registered with the opposing party in an attempt to prevent them from casting their vote?

A) misinformation
B) registration fraud
C) false advertising
D) disruption

Question 53

In the eighteenth century, what political crime was considered to be most serious?

A) election fraud
B) espionage
C) treason
D) desertion

Question 54

What term refers to the covert practice of obtaining confidential information from organizations without their knowledge?

A) treason
B) espionage
C) corruption
D) voyeurism

Question 55

What political crime was former FBI agent, Robert Hanssen, convicted of?

A) espionage
B) election fraud
C) transnational crimes
D) securities fraud

Question 56

What type of espionage is deliberately inserting an individual into a corporation with the purpose of extracting confidential information without the corporation's knowledge an example of?

A) economic
B) political
C) industrial
D) military

Question 57

What does the crime of terrorism emphasize in order to promote change?

A) rationality
B) violence
C) demonstrations
D) spying

Question 58

What is the purpose of terrorism?

A) to acquire profits for personal use
B) to demonstrate superiority over a competitor
C) to expose a vulnerability in a rival
D) to evoke change in the political party in power

Question 59

What distinguishes terrorism from conventional warfare?

A) Terrorism does not involve excessive war-like violence.
B) Terrorism requires secrecy and operations to exert control over large populations.
C) Terrorism is not a very organized crime.
D) Terrorism is less political in its nature than conventional warfare.

Question 60

The word "assassin" is derived from an Arabic term. What does it mean?

A) crazy man
B) hashish eater
C) political prisoner
D) killer of men

Question 61

In which historical period was terrorism more pervasive?

A) Elizabethan
B) Post Modern
C) Victorian
D) Middle Ages

Question 62

When did the word "terrorist" first become popular?

A) during the Second World War
B) during the Spanish Inquisition
C) during the French Revolution
D) during the plague in England

Question 63

Which of the following is characteristic of insurgents?

A) They engage in actions to maintain and promote the existing government.
B) The underlying motivation of any insurgent action is economic gain.
C) They engage in actions to oppose and undermine the existing government.
D) The purpose of insurgent action is to promote and maintain peace within the nation.

Question 64

What kind of terrorism has, as its ultimate goal, replacing an existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political views?

A) political
B) revolutionary
C) nationalistic
D) individualistic

Question 65

What kind of terrorist group is the Ku Klux Klan an example of?

A) non-political
B) nationalistic
C) political
D) state-sponsored

Question 66

Which type of terrorism is designed to promote the interests of minority ethnic groups or religious groups that believe they have been persecuted under majority rule?

A) state-sponsored
B) non-political
C) nationalistic
D) revolutionary

Question 67

Which of the following is the best-known nationalistic terrorist group from Ireland?

A) the Irish Battalion of the Poor
B) the Provisional Irish Republican Army
C) the Liberation Front of Ireland
D) the Irish Nationalists

Question 68

What kind of terrorism is exemplified by anti-abortion groups sponsoring demonstrations at abortion clinics, attacking clinics, and killing doctors with bombs?

A) justifiable
B) non-political
C) nationalistic
D) state-sponsored

Question 69

What kind of terrorism is represented by a repressive government regime forcing its citizens into obedience, oppressing minorities, and stifling political dissent?

A) nationalistic
B) state-sponsored
C) political
D) non-political

Question 70

State-sponsored terrorism includes a type of violence which involves physical harm caused by the unequal distribution of wealth. What is this type of violence called?

A) feministic
B) structural
C) patriarchal
D) unstructured

Question 71

What is the most extreme form of state-sponsored terrorism?

A) hijacking
B) genocide
C) structural
D) catastrophic

Question 72

What kind of terrorism involves individuals engaging in acts of violence as a way to demonstrate their loyalty to a group leader?

A) non-political
B) political
C) cult
D) patriotic

Question 73

How do leaders of cult terror groups ensure obedience from group members?

A) severe discipline
B) positive reinforcement
C) cultivating a supportive environment
D) engaging in open dialogue

Question 74

What organization uses the acronym "ALF"?

A) Albanian Liberation Front
B) Armenian Liberty Foundation
C) Animal Liberation Front
D) Activism, Liberty, and Freedom

Question 75

What is NOT a condition that has preceded genocide in Western societies?

A) authority orientation
B) "just world" thinking
C) new ideology
D) high levels of mental illness

Question 76

What term refers to the organizational structure of a group in which the group is subdivided into smaller independent groups as a means to enhance security?

A) insurgent cell
B) militant cell
C) terror cell
D) guerrilla cell

Question 77

Which of the following factors may influence the formation of a terror cell?

A) socioeconomic status
B) personality type
C) educational background
D) family membership

Question 78

What term refers to loosely organized groups with diverse leadership who are dispersed across a range of locations?

A) networks
B) webs
C) colonies
D) districts

Question 79

Which statement describes a characteristic of terrorist networks?

A) They follow a hierarchical model of leadership.
B) Most members are inexperienced.
C) They have access to vast amount of resources.
D) They are very well funded.

Question 80

Terrorists may be motivated by feelings of alienation. What do they feel?

A) lost in the complexities of modern society
B) secure in their violent role
C) that their actions are wrong, but necessary
D) fearful to begin their actions