Deck 13: Public Order Crimes: Legislating Morality

Question 1

Who is Canada's "Prince of Pot"?

A) Marc Dutroux
B) Shawn Rowlands
C) Paul Bernardo
D) Marc Emery

Answer 1

Marc Emery

Question 2

It has long been a custom for societies to ban or limit behaviours that are believed to run contrary to social norms, customs, and values. What term refers to these behaviours?

A) public order crimes
B) crimes against the person
C) crimes of scruple
D) operational crimes

Answer 2

public order crimes

Question 3

Which term is synonymous with public order crimes?

A) outrageous crimes
B) offensive crimes
C) victimless crimes
D) social crimes

Answer 3

victimless crimes

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a public order crime?

A) domestic violence
B) loitering for the purpose of prostitution
C) uttering death threats
D) stalking

Question 5

Which statement best describes public order crimes?

A) They are violations or crimes at only the local level of government.
B) They are acts that will be considered a crime in Canada
C) They are crimes that have no victims but often are sexual in nature.
D) They are considered to be mala prohibitum crimes.

Question 6

Why do some scholars argue that pornography, prostitution, and drug use should be punished by law?

A) They involve women as victims.
B) One of the functions of the law is to express the collective feeling of revulsion for certain acts, even if they aren't dangerous.
C) These acts are inherently dangerous; drug deals often lead to gun use and prostitutes can be raped.
D) Drug use can lead to sharing needles, which can lead to HIV/AIDS, and pornography and prostitution can lead to sexual aggression and rape.

Question 7

Who said "What may be trash to me may be prized by others"?

A) Sir Patrick Devlin
B) Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas
C) Alice Walker
D) L.A. Hart

Question 8

Why can't we argue for all immoral acts to become crimes if they are harmful to the public?

A) Some acts that cause social harm are legal, like the use of alcohol and tobacco.
B) Crimes also include regulatory offences.
C) Most crimes aren't harmful to the public.
D) Immorality is controlled mostly by the public, and not by law.

Question 9

Why might some immoral acts that become crimes be difficult to enforce?

A) It takes time to understand new laws.
B) These type of acts occur so infrequently that few charges are laid.
C) Typically these acts occur in the privacy of the home and not in public.
D) If everyone does not fully agree with the criminalization of an act, jurors may not convict.

Question 10

What is a vigilante?

A) an individual who has a strict moral standard and will punish those who violate this moral code
B) an individual who creates their own rules and punishes anyone who fails to follow their rules
C) an individual who uses violence to exact revenge against those who disagree with their opinion
D) an individual who believes that democracy is important in developing rules and consequences

Question 11

What led to the decline of the vigilante movement in Canada?

A) the development of more severe sanctions
B) the development of popular media
C) the development of law enforcement agencies
D) the development of suburban neighbourhoods

Question 12

What does a vigilante do to attain justice?

A) uses the due process system of law in court
B) uses the victim-oriented system of law
C) goes on moral crusades without authorization from legal authorities
D) cooperates with legal authorities to catch the criminal

Question 13

What is Howard Becker's label for people who go on moral crusades in order to control the definition of morality?

A) vigilantes
B) morality engineers
C) moral entrepreneurs
D) debauchees

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a group on a moral crusade?

A) the RCMP
B) Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)
C) Parents for Ending Drug Use (PEDU)
D) the creators of the Criminal Code

Question 15

When Belgians took to the streets in 1996 to protest what they considered the government's inept handling of a case involving the deaths of four children, they were protesting against a pedophile ringleader. Who were they protesting against?

A) Jean François DuBon
B) Philippe La Majeur
C) Marc Dutroux
D) Marc Charlebourg

Question 16

What is the term for bizarre or abnormal sexual practices involving recurrent sexual urges focused on nonhuman objects, humiliation, or children?

A) pedophilia
B) frotteurism
C) voyeurism
D) paraphilia

Question 17

What is the experience of receiving or giving pain for pleasure called?

A) paraphilia
B) sadomasochism
C) misogyny
D) hedonism

Question 18

Paraphilias involving unwilling or underage victims often involve a victim and offender who are related. How are they often related?

A) strangers
B) family members or acquaintances
C) intimate lovers
D) both are sex offenders

Question 19

How are sex offenders different from other violent offenders?

A) They tend to be older than other violent offenders.
B) They tend to be younger than other violent offenders.
C) They do not usually have a prior relationship with the victim unlike other violent offenders.
D) They tend to be less experienced than other violent offenders.

Question 20

Unbelievably, during the 1960s the Canadian government funded research into a means of detecting homosexuality. What was this machine called?

A) sexuality assessment machine (SAM)
B) the "fruit machine"
C) homosexual detection box
D) intersexuality rating machine (IRMA)

Question 21

In reaction to the Everett Klippert trial decision, who said "the state has no place in the bedrooms of the nation"?

A) Brian Mulroney
B) Pierre Elliott Trudeau
C) Jean Chrétien
D) John Diefenbaker

Question 22

Where do the earliest written records of prostitution appear?

A) Greece
B) Rome
C) Egypt
D) Mesopotamia

Question 23

What ancient country is the root of modern commercial sex?

A) Greece
B) Rome
C) Egypt
D) Mesopotamia

Question 24

Which religious leader was originally tolerant of prostitution?

A) St. Thomas Aquinas
B) Martin Luther
C) the Pope
D) Mother Teresa

Question 25

What was prostitution linked to in early nineteenth-century England?

A) the rise of English brewery companies
B) the male-dominated society
C) the backlash to religious reformation
D) the availability of drugs such as heroin and opium solutions

Question 26

Which of the following is characteristic of the definition of the offence of prostitution?

A) sexually explicit
B) sexually specific
C) sexually neutral
D) sexist

Question 27

What is another word for "pimping" in prostitution?

A) babysitting
B) bawdy-keeping
C) procuring
D) ruling

Question 28

Which of the following represents Section 213 of the Criminal Code, the most usual offence for which a person is charged under prostitution law?

A) communicating for the purposes of prostitution
B) engaging in sexually explicit conduct with another
C) impeding the flow of traffic
D) offering sexual services

Question 29

According to the law, prostitution is illegal if it is performed where?

A) in public
B) in private
C) over the phone
D) anywhere

Question 30

What is a central element in the definition for prostitution?

A) an activity that has emotional significance for the customer
B) a behaviour that has been criminalized in the jurisdiction where it occurs
C) an economic transaction between two consenting parties
D) a state of emotional indifference between the parties

Question 31

Why is the clearance rate of prostitution typically very high?

A) The prostitute and client turn themselves in.
B) The prostitute and client confess to the crime when interrogated.
C) The prostitute and client are caught by undercover police officers.
D) The prostitute will identify the client in return for a lesser sentence.

Question 32

What sentence is an individual convicted of prostitution most likely to receive?

A) jail
B) probation
C) absolute dismissal
D) fine

Question 33

What type of prostitute is the most vulnerable in the profession?

A) hustler
B) hooker
C) bar girl
D) streetwalker

Question 34

What type of prostitute has the highest rate of larceny arrests?

A) bar girls
B) streetwalkers
C) brothel prostitutes
D) call girls

Question 35

What category of prostitution has the highest rate of drug abuse?

A) call girls
B) call boys
C) massage therapists
D) streetwalkers

Question 36

How do B-girl prostitutes ensure they will be allowed to stay in the bars in their "territory"?

A) They dress like regular customers and pay for all their own drinks.
B) They work out an arrangement with the bartender so they are served diluted drinks for which the customer is charged high prices.
C) They attract attention in classy bars so the management wants them there to please customers.
D) They circulate continuously around the bar all night so as not to attract negative attention from bar customers, especially displeased women.

Question 37

Brothels flourished in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Who were they usually run by?

A) older, well-established males
B) madams
C) aristocrats
D) johns

Question 38

What is the role of a madam?

A) recruiting women into prostitution
B) advertising to attract customers
C) cooking and cleaning for the women in the brothel
D) recruiting male customers

Question 39

What term refers to the high paid "aristocrats" of prostitution?

A) call girls
B) brothel prostitutes
C) streetwalkers
D) bar girls

Question 40

How do call girls ensure they will not be in danger when they make "outcalls" to clients' hotels?

A) They make sure the hotel is reputable and has sufficient security.
B) They bring a male escort with them; sometimes he hides in the next room.
C) They use "rap booths" so that the clients aren't touching them directly.
D) They request the client's business card to ensure he is "upstanding."

Question 41

Which statement best describes the call girl profession?

A) This type of prostitution is considered very safe.
B) Most clients are from lower-class backgrounds.
C) Most girls solicit their clients on the streets.
D) Many of the girls are from upper-class backgrounds.

Question 42

A prostitute and her customer occupy booths that are separated by a glass wall, and they talk via telephone for as long as the customer is willing to pay. In this scenario, what is the booth called?

A) a sex booth
B) a rap booth
C) a virtual booth
D) a tele booth

Question 43

Which statement best describes prostitutes who barter sex for drugs?

A) They report more physical violence.
B) They sell those drugs for profit anyway.
C) They pass out during their sexual "call" and frustrate angry clients.
D) They are more controlled by pimps than other prostitutes.

Question 44

What did a study conducted for the U.S. Department of Justice in 2002 find that 82 percent of females and 100 percent of males in a youth prostitution survey had a history of?

A) juvenile delinquency
B) sexual abuse
C) substance abuse
D) violence toward peers

Question 45

Which of the following seems to be the greatest motivation for engaging in prostitution?

A) money, drugs, and survival
B) physical coercion by a pimp
C) psychological and personality disturbances
D) rejection of a male-dominated patriarchy

Question 46

What development has led to the decline in full-time pimps?

A) increased involvement by organized crime
B) increase in the number of working brothels
C) decline in the number of available prostitutes
D) more strict enforcement of prostitution laws by police

Question 47

Who has replaced pimps as the controlling force in prostitution?

A) undercover vice officers
B) madams
C) smut shop operators
D) drug dealers

Question 48

Which of the following is the most typical profile of a john involved in prostitution?

A) a 55-year-old who is divorced and homosexual
B) a 17-year-old who is "becoming a man" through his first sexual experience with a prostitute
C) a 34-year-old, married, heterosexual man
D) a 29-year-old, single, heterosexual man

Question 49

Where did John schools, where men involved with prostitution are taught about the legal and social ramifications of prostitution, begin in 1995?

A) New York
B) Chicago
C) Texas
D) San Francisco

Question 50

What is the purpose of "john school"?

A) to educate men on how to best solicit a prostitute
B) to provide an opportunity to network with other prostitutes
C) to educate offenders on the effects of prostitution on women
D) to provide a support group for those involved the trade

Question 51

What do feminist advocates on both sides of the prostitution argument agree on?

A) that the penalties for prostitution be increased
B) that the penalties for prostitution be reduced
C) that the johns be punished instead of the prostitutes
D) that prostitution is a matter of free choice

Question 52

One major problem in controlling pornography is its connection with what concept?

A) obscenity
B) sex
C) art
D) violence

Question 53

What term is used to describe material that is considered to be sexually explicit and offensive to morality or decency?

A) disturbing
B) obscene
C) lustful
D) lewd

Question 54

What book was banned in the United States because it was considered obscene, but later was considered a great work of literary value?

A) Huckleberry Finn
B) Tropic of Cancer
C) The Doll House
D) Moby Dick

Question 55

According to your text, how do pornography rings recruit children?

A) They kidnap them from lower-income neighbourhoods.
B) They abuse a position of trust to recruit, then exploit with rewards.
C) They run local newspaper ads calling for child stars.
D) They approach drug-abusing mothers and ask to "borrow" their child or children.

Question 56

What term refers to impromptu groups set up to sell and trade photos and sex?

A) impromptu rings
B) syndicated rings
C) transition rings
D) roundabout rings

Question 57

What term is used to describe a structured network of customers who are interested in sexual services?

A) impromptu rings
B) syndicated rings
C) transition ring
D) solo ring

Question 58

What is the name for well-constructed, extensive networks of customers set up for customers desiring sexual service?

A) impromptu rings
B) transition rings
C) exploitation rings
D) syndicated rings

Question 59

In Denmark, pornography was decriminalized in 1967. What happened to the rate of sex offences shortly after?

A) declined
B) increased
C) remained steady
D) virtually vanished

Question 60

Why might viewing pornography lead to a decrease in sexually aggressive behaviour?

A) It makes viewers uncomfortable.
B) It makes viewers realize what is important in a loving relationship.
C) It satisfies erotic urges.
D) It makes viewers realize that violence is inappropriate.

Question 61

Why might violent pornography lead to increased sexual aggression toward women?

A) It triggers chemicals in the brain that release testosterone.
B) It leads to more tolerance of sexual aggression.
C) It causes men to want to procreate more often.
D) It makes men feel threatened by dominant women and they renew their power through sexual aggression.

Question 62

What evidence is there between viewing violent pornography and sexual aggression toward women?

A) There is strong evidence that viewing pornography leads to violent crime.
B) There is some evidence that viewing violent pornography may evoke similar feelings in viewers.
C) There is no evidence linking pornography to crime.
D) There is some evidence that people who regularly watch erotic films are more likely to engage in sex crimes.

Question 63

What technology has revitalized the pornography industry?

A) television
B) DVD players
C) the Internet
D) portable devices

Question 64

What will provide the greatest challenge to those seeking to control the sex-for-profit industry?

A) children who enter this industry willingly
B) technological change
C) ineffective policing strategies
D) non-existent laws for prosecuting the industry

Question 65

In 2012, possession of what illegal drug accounted for more than half of the total drug crimes known to Canadian police?

A) cocaine
B) heroine
C) opium
D) cannabis

Question 66

In regards to law enforcement, what are drug offences often referred to as?

A) enforcement willingness
B) enforcement sensitive
C) enforcement dependent
D) enforcement initiatives

Question 67

According to 2012 statistics, who committed the majority of drug crimes known to police?

A) youth
B) adolescent males
C) adolescent females
D) adults

Question 68

What view does the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (CCSA) hold on the possession of drugs?

A) Laws to curb possession should be enforced more strictly so that people will be deterred from buying and possessing drugs.
B) Possession should be decriminalized.
C) The government should become more active in discouraging possession.
D) Drug use should be seen as a public matter; the more publicity the better.

Question 69

Mesopotamian writings make reference to the "plant of joy." What drug was this?

A) hashish
B) angel dust
C) marijuana
D) opium

Question 70

What drug was used during the Crusades?

A) opium
B) cocaine
C) heroine
D) marijuana

Question 71

By the beginning of the twentieth century, what type of drug were many citizens using on a regular basis?

A) opiates
B) cocaine
C) marijuana
D) alcohol

Question 72

What drug was extensively used to relieve pain in wounded soldiers in the nineteenth century?

A) cocaine
B) heroin
C) morphine
D) cannabis

Question 73

How did police literature describe drug users in the early twentieth century?

A) as nuisances
B) as degenerates
C) as surrenders to urban morality
D) as habitual criminals

Question 74

What group did early anti-drug legislation target?

A) upper-class aristocrats
B) foreign immigrants
C) middle-class urbanites
D) rural religious groups

Question 75

What was early antidrug legislation apparently tied to?

A) low-class prejudice
B) prejudice against immigrant ethnic minorities
C) purposeful legislation that protected society
D) sexist feelings toward women

Question 76

Who wrote The Black Candle, which detailed the illicit drug trade in Canada, under the pseudonym "Janey Canuck"?

A) Emily Murphy
B) Jane Seymoure
C) Hansel LeDain
D) Albert Niemann

Question 77

The release of the book The Black Candle resulted in the public pressuring the government to make what changes. What Canadian drug laws did the public want changed?

A) decriminalize drug use
B) only criminalize the possession and use of opium
C) create stricter laws pertaining to all drug use
D) decriminalize the use and possession of marijuana

Question 78

Which film was released by the U.S. government in 1936 to instill fear in people about marijuana use?

A) The Devil's Weed
B) Blissful Regret
C) Reefer Madness
D) High-Way to Nowhere

Question 79

What Commission recommended the decriminalization of marijuana?

A) the Mackenzie King Commission
B) the Le Dain Commission
C) the Controlled Substances Commission
D) the Temperance Commission

Question 80

What movement was prohibition a consequence of?

A) emancipation
B) inebriation
C) temperance
D) ossification