Deck 16: Organs Associatedwith the Digestivetract

Question 1

In a liver biopsy from a long-time drug user which of the following hepatocyte organelles would be expected to be more extensive than normal?

A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Lysosomes
D) Peroxisomes
E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

Which description is true of pancreatic zymogens?

A) Are packaged for secretion in the SER
B) Are synthesized on free ribosomes
C) Are inactive until they reach the duodenal lumen
D) Are stored in the basal cytoplasm of acinar cells
E) Are produced by cuboidal cells lining the pancreatic duct

Answer 2

Are inactive until they reach the duodenal lumen

Question 3

Which process increases in response to parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands?

A) Volume of secretion
B) Cell division in secretory acini
C) Mucus content of saliva
D) Inorganic salts content of saliva
E) Cell division in interlobular ducts

Answer 3

Volume of secretion

Question 4

Which feature is unique to the exocrine pancreas?

A) Insulin-secreting $\beta$ cells
B) Centroacinar cells
C) Predominately serous secretory cells
D) Striated interlobular ducts
E) Striated intralobular ducts

Question 5

Which description is true of the bile canaliculi?

A) Are bordered directly by endothelial cells
B) Are part of the portal triad
C) Are surrounded by the hepatic sinusoids
D) Lumens are entirely sealed by junctional complexes
E) Normally contain some blood plasma

Question 6

Which description is true of the gallbladder?

A) Dilutes bile
B) Absorbs bile
C) Secretes mucus
D) Has a thick submucosa
E) Is covered entirely by serosa

Question 7

Which description is true for the hepatic space of Disse?

A) Is surrounded by the hepatic sinusoid
B) Contents flow toward the central vein
C) Is directly contacted by hepatocytes
D) Lumen sealed by junctional complexes
E) Contents empty into canals of Hering lined by cholangiocytes

Question 8

A 50-year-old woman presents to the family medicine clinic. She admits to drinking a six-pack of beer each day with a little more intake on weekends. Laboratory tests show elevated alanine aminotransferase/serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST/SGOT). Her sclerae appear jaundiced and her serum bilirubin is $2.5 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}$ (normal 0.3-1.9 mg/dL). A biopsy shows hepatic fibrosis with significant loss of normal lobular structure. Jaundice is most likely to result when the proper location or orientation of what hepatic structures is disrupted?

A) Central veins
B) Spaces of Disse
C) Kupffer cells
D) Hepatocytes
E) Merging sinusoids

Question 9

A 48-year-old woman is referred to an allergy and rheumatology specialist with itching eyes, dryness of the mouth, difficulty swallowing, loss of the sense of taste, hoarseness, fatigue, and swollen parotid glands. She reports increasing joint pain over the past 2 years. She complains of frequent mouth sores. Laboratory tests show a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels of $70 \mathrm{U} / \mathrm{mL}$ (normal $<60 \mathrm{U} / \mathrm{mL}$ ) by the nephelometric method. A parotid gland biopsy shows inflammatory infiltrates in the interlobular connective tissue with damage to the acinar cells and striated ducts. In this case, resorption of which of the following will be most altered by destruction of those ducts?

A) $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$
B) $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
C) $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$
D) $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$
E) $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$

Question 10

A young child presents with hepatomegaly and renomegaly, failure to thrive, stunted growth, and hypoglycemia. A deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase is identified and the diagnosis of von Gierke disease is made. What cellular structures would be expected to accumulate in hepatocytes during progression of this disorder?

A) Chylomicrons
B) Glycogen granules
C) Mitochondria
D) Zymogen granules
E) Ribosomes