Deck 4: Newspapers: Where Journalism Begins

Question 1

The first professional deliverers of news in oral cultures were

A) orators
B) city hawkers
C) town criers
D) none of these

Answer 1

town criers

Question 2

The first newspapers probably appeared in _____, printed from woodcuts

A) Boston
B) China
C) England
D) Germany

Answer 2

China

Question 3

The first newspaper in the U.S. was published by

A) John Campbell
B) John Peter Zenger
C) Benjamin Franklin
D) Benjamin Harris

Answer 3

Benjamin Harris

Question 4

In colonial times, printing derogatory information about the government was called ___, and was illegal.

A) sensationalism
B) the liberal press
C) defamatory remarks
D) seditious libel

Question 5

Newspapers that provided news of business and shipping were called

A) the mercantile press
B) the political press
C) the business and shipping news
D) none of these

Question 6

The Federalist Papers were written about

A) the business press
B) the federal government
C) the Stamp Act
D) the Boston Massacre

Question 7

The penny press newspapers were known for

A) their low price
B) their tabloid shape
C) the accuracy of their news stories
D) all of these

Question 8

Bylines were created because

A) the public demanded them
B) publishers wanted to avoid criticism of themselves
C) the military ordered them
D) none of these

Question 9

The inverted pyramid refers to

A) the founding fathers of journalism
B) a healthy way of eating
C) an Egyptian building after a hurricane
D) a style of news writing

Question 10

The phrase "yellow journalism" was inspired by

A) the color of newsprint
B) an investigative report on lunatic asylums
C) the development of color photography
D) a comic strip

Question 11

Many historians blame William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer for America's involvement in

A) the Civil War
B) World War I
C) Vietnam
D) None of these

Question 12

Ida B. Wells-Barnett is known for her investigative reports on

A) political corruption
B) lynching
C) slavery
D) a hospital for the mentally ill

Question 13

The newspaper with the slogan "All the News That's Fit to Print" on its front page is

A) The Christian Science Monitor
B) The Washington Post
C) USA Today
D) The New York Times

Question 14

The Canons of Journalism stress

A) freedom of the press
B) impartiality
C) responsibility
D) all of these

Question 15

Companies that own the same type of medium in more than one market are called

A) chains
B) scripps
C) market-holders
D) none of these

Question 16

The category of newspapers in the worst financial trouble is

A) weeklies
B) special interest
C) dailies
D) none of these

Question 17

The biggest challenger to newspapers today is

A) cable television
B) the World Wide Web
C) weekly news magazines
D) the evening TV news

Question 18

In addition to dailies and weeklies, types of papers include

A) organizational papers
B) shoppers
C) the alternative press
D) all of these

Question 19

The person who oversees the day-to-day operation of the newsroom is known as the

A) editor in chief
B) city editor
C) publisher
D) managing editor

Question 20

The area that arranges for the delivery of the newspaper is the

A) circulation department
B) advertising department
C) editorial department
D) business administration

Question 21

The Dow Jones news service is an example of

A) a chain ownership company
B) a wire service
C) a features syndicate
D) all of these

Question 22

Newspaper circulation figures are verified by the

A) North American Syndicate
B) Associated Press
C) Audit Bureau of Circulations
D) World Circulation Exchange

Question 23

Newspaper owners are concerned about a low readership pattern among

A) senior citizens
B) African-Americans
C) Latinos
D) young people

Question 24

In 2010, about ___ percent of local newspapers had a percentage of minority employees that matched the percentage of minorities in their community.

A) 13
B) 23
C) 33
D) 43

Question 25

Organizations that exist to promote minorities getting hired within news organizations include:

A) Asian American Journalists Association
B) Native American Journalists Association
C) National Gay and Lesbian Journalists Association
D) all of these

Question 26

The word "gazette" that some newspapers use in their name came from an Italian coin.

Question 27

The first newspaper in America shut down because it couldn't make a profit.

Question 28

John Campbell needed a license from the colonial government to publish his newspaper, the Boston News-Letter.

Question 29

The Zenger trial established that newspapers have a right to print the truth.

Question 30

The Stamp Act hurt newspapers because it put a tax of 1 cent per copy on every newspaper.

Question 31

Hard news is news directed toward human interest and curiosity.

Question 32

The news hole is the number of pages that can be used for editorial content, based on the number of pages of advertising that has been sold.

Question 33

In the mid-1800s, the establishment of the Associated Press led to an objective brand of news.

Question 34

The early comic strip The Yellow Kid was criticized for being sexually explicit.

Question 35

The Wall Street Journal is known as the "gray lady of American journalism."

Question 36

A chain is one company that owns the same type of business in more than one market area.

Question 37

The Florida State University college newspaper was the first student newspaper bought by a major chain.

Question 38

Most newspapers in the United States are afternoon editions.

Question 39

Search engine optimization is the process of trying to make a newspaper's articles show up high on search engine results.

Question 40

On the front page of USA Today, the newsline is usually the lead story.

Question 41

New York's LGNY, targeted toward gays and lesbians, is an example of an alternative newspaper.

Question 42

Editorial and business staff often work together on newspaper stories.

Question 43

A reporter assigned to cover the White House is an example of a general assignment reporter.

Question 44

The average age of today's newspaper reader is 33.

Question 45

Most chains will lay off a large number of staff members when they first take over a newspaper.

Question 46

Discuss problems faced by the early American newspaper publishers. How did they overcome these obstacles?

Question 47

What was important about the trial of John Peter Zenger, and why is it important to newspaper journalists today?

Question 48

Describe the types of newspapers that made up the partisan press and the mercantile press in the mid to late 1700s.

Question 49

What role did the newspaper industry play in the American Revolution and the formation of the new nation?

Question 50

What were the characteristics of the penny press newspapers?

Question 51

What is a "byline" and why was it established? Do you think it is important today? Why or why not?

Question 52

What is the inverted pyramid and what does it include?

Question 53

Who were William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, and what role did they play in the Spanish-American War?

Question 54

What is the ethnic press? Give examples. What important role has it played in U.S. history?

Question 55

Describe the departments and staff positions at a typical daily newspaper.

Question 56

What is a feature syndicate? Give two examples.

Question 57

What is the Audit Bureau of Circulations? What function does it serve?

Question 58

What have newspapers done recently to attract younger readers? What suggestions would you give a newspaper publisher who wanted to attract more readers in their late teens and 20s?

Question 59

The National Commission on the Causes of Violence pointed out that the lack of a minority viewpoint in the nation's press was partially to blame for the alienation felt by many ethnic groups. Elaborate on this issue.

Question 60

Describe two controversies that affect the way news is covered.

Question 61

Seditious ______ laws were established in colonial America, making it illegal to criticize the government.

Question 62

The ______ press consisted of newspapers owned or supported by political parties; the ______ press were newspapers that provided news of business and shipping.

Question 63

The Federalist ______ were essays that explained the new federal government to early Americans.

Question 64

The opinion of the newspaper is expressed on the ______ page.

Question 65

______ news stories are about current events that have impact on people's lives.

Question 66

The part of the newspaper industry aimed at particular cultural groups is called the ______ press.

Question 67

The ______ press consisted of inexpensive, advertiser-supported newspapers that appeared in the 1930s.

Question 68

The news ______ is the total amount of space in a newspaper than can be devoted to editorial content versus advertising.

Question 69

In the inverted ______ style of writing, the most important information is in the first paragraph.

Question 70

Reporting that uncovers information that sources have tried to conceal is called ______ journalism.

Question 71

Many historians blame ______ and Pulitzer for encouraging the Spanish American War of 1898

Question 72

Newspapers characterized by a smaller size than a standard newspaper and a single fold are called
______.

Question 73

A ______ is a company that owns the same type of business in more than one market area.

Question 74

Newspapers that are distributed for free and consist mostly of ads are called ______.

Question 75

Alternative papers of the 1960s and 1970s that passionately criticized cultural and political norms were called the ______ press.

Question 76

The Navajo Times and La Opinion are part of the ______ press.

Question 77

In print industries, the ______ is the person who runs an individual company and acts as its chief representative.

Question 78

A ______ reporter is one who finds and writes stories in a specialized area.

Question 79

Photo-______ printing is a technique in which a photo negative transfers ink onto paper.

Question 80

Newspapers use supplementary services to support their operations such as ______ services, syndicates and the Audit Bureau of Circulations.