Deck 9: Culture, Ethnicity, Social Class, Family and Household Influences

Question 1

Culture, ethnicity, and social class are more likely to influence how individual consumers buy and use products than to explain how groups of consumers behave.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Many countries turn to the United States and England for new fads and culture trends.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In today's global society, cultural icons and behaviors are transmitted only through the Internet.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Many factors affect how we, as individuals and as societies, live, buy and consume.

Question 5

Culture refers to the set of values, ideas, artifacts, and other meaningful symbols that help individuals communicate, interpret, and evaluate as members of society.

Question 6

Abstract elements of culture include values, attitudes, ideas, personality types, and summary constructs, such as religion and politics.

Question 7

Unlike a brand, a culture cannot be represented symbolically.

Question 8

Cultural artifacts are sometimes referred to as material components.

Question 9

Products are sometimes used in ritual behavior, such as foods eaten during holidays or in a religious ceremony.

Question 10

Marketers rarely use cultural characteristics to segment markets on a global basis.

Question 11

When expanding globally, McDonald's discovered that it did not need to adjust its menu to reflect the cultural preferences of local markets.

Question 12

Two important elements of culture are values and norms.

Question 13

Norms are rules of behavior held by a vocal minority about how others should behave.

Question 14

Norms are rules of behavior held by a majority or a consensus of a group of how others should behave.

Question 15

Societal and personal values are always the same.

Question 16

Macroculture refers to the values and symbols of a segment of consumers.

Question 17

Macrocultures are also known as subcultures.

Question 18

Socialization is the process by which people develop their values, motivations, and habitual activity.

Question 19

The influence of peers and media is important in the adoption process.

Question 20

Although media reflects societal values, it cannot influence the values of individuals.

Question 21

Consumer socialization is the acquisition of consumption-related cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors.

Question 22

It is almost always easier to change cultural values through advertising than it is to change the marketing mix to conform to these values.

Question 23

Culture has a profound effect on why and how people buy and consume products and services.

Question 24

Culture affects many things, but not consumers' search behavior.

Question 25

During purchase, the amount of price negotiation expected by both seller and buyer is culturally determined.

Question 26

American and European consumers have some important differences in what they expect from their washing machines.

Question 27

Culture influences how individuals dispose of products.

Question 28

The basic group of products essential to a retailer's traffic, customer loyalty, and profits is known as the fundamental inventory mix.

Question 29

Core values define how products are used in society.

Question 30

Because people are so different, understanding core values offers little benefit to marketers.

Question 31

It is not possible to forecast changes in a society's values.

Question 32

As individuals grow older, their values change.

Question 33

The family has become the least important transfusive agent of values in most cultures.

Question 34

Over the past 40 years, there has been an increase in loyalty to traditional churches and religions.

Question 35

Women are more likely than men to define success in religious terms.

Question 36

A major institution that transmits values to consumers is education.

Question 37

In the past 35 years, the ratio of people pursuing a formal education has stayed about the same.

Question 38

Cohort analysis investigates the changes in patterns of behavior or attitudes of groups that are linked in some way.

Question 39

One dimension for characterizing, comparing, and contrasting national cultures is power distance.

Question 40

Parody display describes the mockery of status symbols and behavior.

Question 41

Geographic areas within a nation sometimes develop their own culture.

Question 42

Consumer researchers have yet to identify the core values that provide appeals for advertising and marketing programs.

Question 43

Specific consumers may not reflect the values of the ethnic group with which they are commonly identified.

Question 44

Acculturation measures the degree to which consumers have retained the culture in which they were raised.

Question 45

Gathering data from specific ethnic groups and comparing these data to those collected from other markets is called transcultural marketing research.

Question 46

Black women influence many purchases traditionally purchased by male householders and have a great deal of authority in their families.

Question 47

What begins as a trend or style for an ethnic market segment can become a mainstream cultural norm or symbol.

Question 48

Social class is defined as relatively permanent and homogeneous divisions in a society into which individuals or families sharing similar values, lifestyles, interests, wealth, status, education, economic position, and behavior can be categorized.

Question 49

To understand a consumer's social class, consumer analysts should examine occupation, personal preference, interactions, possessions, value orientations, and class consciousness.

Question 50

Your social class is influenced predominantly by your education.

Question 51

Income is the single best indicator of social class in most consumer research.

Question 52

Possessions are symbols of social class membership.

Question 53

Conspicuous consumption can help explain why different classes buy different products.

Question 54

Social mobility refers to the process of passing from one social class to another.

Question 55

Because of the difficulty of measuring a person's social class, it is not feasible to use social class for market segmentation.

Question 56

The number of consumers who aspire to higher social classes is much larger than those who are in them.

Question 57

Content analysis examines how communicated messages reflect people's attitudes and beliefs.

Question 58

Many products are purchased by a family unit.

Question 59

Individual buying decisions normally are not influenced by other family members.

Question 60

A family is defined as a group of two or more persons related by blood or marriage only.

Question 61

The immediate group of father, mother, and child(ren) living together is called the atomic family.

Question 62

An extended family consists of the nuclear family plus other relatives such as grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins.

Question 63

A family established by marriage is called the family of orientation.

Question 64

The term household is becoming more important for marketers because of the rapid growth in non-traditional families and non-family households.

Question 65

Structural variables affecting families and households include such things as the age of the head of the household or family, marital status, presence of children and employment status.

Question 66

Three sociological variables that help explain how families function include cohesion, association, and communication.

Question 67

Three sociological variables that help explain how families function include cohesion, adaptability, and communication.

Question 68

Cohesion is the emotional bonding between family members.

Question 69

The term functional roles can be used as another way to describe expressive roles.

Question 70

Adaptability measures the ability of a family to change its power structure, role relationships, and relationship rules in response to situational and developmental stress.

Question 71

How individual family members perform each of their roles may influence how they allocate family income to different types of products or retailers.

Question 72

Family marketing focuses on the relationships between family members based on the roles they assume.

Question 73

The person who starts the family thinking about buying a product is playing the role of the initiator.

Question 74

Playing the role of the buyer in family decision-making means that the person has the financial authority or power to choose how the family's money will be spent.

Question 75

Different family members always assume the same role regardless of the situation or product being purchased.

Question 76

The buyer and user is always the same person.

Question 77

Males always have more influence during family decision-making than females.

Question 78

Research indicates that husbands and wives jointly make their purchase decisions regardless of the product being purchased.

Question 79

Syncratic decision making occurs when either spouse, acting alone, makes the purchase decision.

Question 80

More family members are more likely to participate in the decision-making process when the process is first beginning rather than near its end.