Deck 7: Ethics in a Global Society and Economy

Question 1

Select the best choice to complete the following sentence: ______ are tied to the idea that all humans hope to live in a moral society based on a common set of ethical practices.

A) virtues
B) norms
C) religious beliefs
D) cultural beliefs

Answer 1

virtues

Question 2

Abstract concepts such as justice, freedom, happiness, and obligation are known as which one of the following choices?

A) expectations
B) thin values
C) thick values
D) human rights

Answer 2

thin values

Question 3

Concepts such as justice, freedom, happiness, and obligation and their implementation to a group of people are known as which one of the following choices?

A) expectations
B) thin values
C) thick values
D) human rights

Answer 3

thick values

Question 4

Moral principles that are viewed as legitimate and binding across cultures are known as which one of the following choices?

A) think values
B) thick values
C) hypernorms
D) cultural norms

Question 5

What one group believes as right based on a shared type of background is known as which one of the following choices?

A) expectations
B) thin values
C) thick values
D) human rights

Question 6

In some cultures, it is viewed poorly, and can even be illegal, for women to work outside the home. This is an example of which one of the following choices?

A) expectations
B) thin values
C) thick value
D) human rights

Question 7

Select the best choice to complete the following sentences: We all agree that there is a difference between what is right and what is wrong. However, when it comes to a specific situation, some might view it as right, while other might view it as wrong. This is an example of _________.

A) thick values
B) thin values
C) norms
D) morals

Question 8

In the United States, having access to clean water is viewed as a human right that is shared by all, even those outside the United States. There are groups that visit places around the globe to help drill wells to provide entire communities access to clean water. Clean water is also a necessity for an individual to live a healthy life. Those who believe it is important that clean water be provided for all view clean water as which kind of value?

A) thin
B) thick
C) moral
D) life

Question 9

In today's global society, ethics and norms can greatly impact a business interaction. For example, in one culture, it may be normal for an individual to be thirty minutes late for a business meeting. If two companies have formed a working relationship, it is important that cultural differences are discussed up front. To be successful, which of the following should be completed?

A) Discuss and set expectations so that each individual understands how to best interact.
B) Study one another's cultural norms to avoid being offended by something that is outside one's own norms.
C) Only work with companies in countries that share the same cultural norms as your own.
D) Find common ground regarding how to conduct business together so that it is mutually beneficial for all involved.

Question 10

Nonverbal communication and body movements can send different messages across cultures. Common examples of differences include

A) physical space between those interacting
B) hand shaking
C) looking someone in the eye when speaking
D) languages

Question 11

If a group of people come together with a shared common belief, such as living in a community where all the residents have the same religious faith, they have shared norms known as which one of the following choices?

A) hypernorms
B) macro-social contract
C) micro-social contract
D) meso-social contract

Question 12

Different states have different laws when it comes to what they deem is legal and moral. While some laws may be outdated, these states can enforce the laws even though the citizens may not be breaking the law if they were in another state. These state laws can be viewed as expectations for how citizens in that state, living or visiting, are expected to act and what is viewed as acceptable. This is an example of which one of the following choices?

A) hypernorms
B) macro-social contract
C) micro-social contract
D) meso-social contract

Question 13

In one state, the legal age for an individual to get married is fourteen. In another state, the age is sixteen. Both of these states are essentially setting a specific age as to when one is mature enough to marry and saying it is morally and ethically right at the allowed age. Each of these states has the right to have different legal ages for marriage. This norm is an example of which one of the following choices?

A) hypernorms
B) macro-social contract
C) micro-social contract
D) meso-social contract

Question 14

General hypernorms that are shared by most cultures, countries, and societal groups are macro-social contracts-how society views right and wrong. These macro-norms can be broken into more specific, localized beliefs. The right to create one's own beliefs based on shared norms is due to which one of the following choices?

A) moral free space
B) macro-social contract
C) micro-social contract
D) meso-social contract

Question 15

Moral relativism is the idea that society has a shared set of beliefs, and that shared set of beliefs is best described as which one of the following choices?

A) the same across all of society
B) different for all groups of society
C) based on what is ethical
D) rooted in religion

Question 16

Select the best choice to complete the following sentence: The idea of moral relativism holds that there are different ideas of what is moral in different groups of society based on culture, religion, background, and upbringing. These moral views are not _____ across all groups.

A) absolute
B) legal
C) varying
D) different

Question 17

Sally visited another country for a work assignment. While there, she witnessed a coworker accepting a bribe from a potential business partner to promise a business relationship between the two organizations. In this country, bribing is legal and seen as a legitimate way to conduct business. Sally's coworker knows this is illegal in their own country and against company policy. However, the coworker states that they just want to follow the norms in the country and show consideration for their way of doing things. The coworker is citing what as their reason for accepting the bribe?

A) moral relativism
B) cultural relativism
C) extreme relativism
D) moral imperialism

Question 18

The act of forcing one's own thoughts, beliefs, and norms onto someone else or a group of people is known as moral imperialism. Moral imperialists view all other values and norms as which one of the following choices?

A) inferior
B) convenient
C) productive
D) practical

Question 19

The CAGE Model addresses which of the following cultural differences?

A) administrative
B) geographic
C) economic
D) country

Question 20

Select the best choice to complete the following sentence: Administrative differences are usually tied to government and _____ practices.

A) authoritative
B) religious
C) political
D) social

Question 21

Select the best choice to complete the following sentence: Geographical influences can be impacted based on how ______ a country is relative to its borders.

A) isolated
B) protective
C) territorial
D) diverse

Question 22

A country that values hard work, initiative, and motivation to do well is likely viewed as what type of economy?

A) non-market
B) market
C) free
D) command

Question 23

Cultures that value teamwork and feel that the group instead of the individual enjoys success have a high degree of what cultural dimension?

A) power distance
B) individualism
C) short-term orientation
D) collectivism

Question 24

In a business transaction, the president of a company wants to be sure that all possible scenarios are considered and that contingency plans are in place. It is likely that this culture views which dimension as important?

A) power
B) restraint
C) long-term orientation
D) uncertainty avoidance

Question 25

Other countries view the United States as a country that spends money on entertainment and other nonessential items. This can be viewed as wasteful and demonstrates which dimension?

A) indulgence
B) power distance
C) masculinity
D) short-term orientation

Question 26

Businesses that operate in different countries may operate differently based on the cultural dimensions and what is considered normal for that country. Select the cultural issues that each business needs to consider before building a business relationship.

A) how woman are viewed in the workplace
B) how managers interact with employees
C) how relationships are formed between businesses
D) what the sick policy is for employees

Question 27

The cultural dimensions provide insight into decision making from one country to the next. What one country views as an acceptable decision, another may view as unethical. For example, using child laborers may be viewed as perfectly ethical and seen as contributing to society. In another country, using child laborers is viewed as unethical. These dimensions can cause outsiders to face which one of the following choices when they do not share the same cultural views?

A) scrutiny
B) behavioral issues
C) moral dilemmas
D) legal ramifications

Question 28

A country that has a well-formed, formal educational system likely has a larger degree of which one of the following choices for its citizens compared to countries that do not?

A) economic mobility
B) socialism
C) governmental support
D) transportation

Question 29

If a group of people is isolated from a governing body to enforce laws, they will likely form their own types of norms to determine what they believe is right and wrong. This is an example of what type of cultural difference from the CAGE Model?

A) cultural
B) economic
C) geographic
D) administrative

Question 30

Indigenous people may have a set of ethical norms that has been carried down from one generation to the next. They may have a group of norms that outsiders may not understand and may disagree with; however, their norms are rooted in history and tradition. These norms also might be rooted in the land in which they have lived for centuries. This is an example of what type of influence on cultural norms?

A) administrative
B) cultural
C) geographic
D) economic

Question 31

Countries that have easy access to other countries by crossing borders tend to have a wider variety of norms and ethical views. This is due to an increase in

A) population
B) business ownership
C) transportation
D) diversity

Question 32

If a government dictates the type of employment its citizens are allowed to obtain, this is an example of what type of economy?

A) market
B) non-market
C) command
D) mixed

Question 33

Countries that are viewed as corrupt tend to also follow this type of economic system.

A) non-market
B) market
C) command
D) mixed

Question 34

A business can form and function as it sees fit. It can produce and sell what it prefers and can profit as much as possible. The business also wishes to promote what it views as ethical and have a positive impact on the society in which it operates. This business is likely operating in what type of economy?

A) socialist
B) non-market
C) command
D) market

Question 35

Ethical differences between countries are most often caused by differing cultures. International businesses should work to overcome these differences because they can impact a business's interaction and success in which of the following areas?

A) value chain
B) operations
C) output
D) process

Question 36

The principle of caveat emptor is viewed by many as unethical because it can protect the seller of products and put buyers more at risk. Which one of the following choices is the best translation of the phrase caveat emptor from Latin to English?

A) Buyers are always right.
B) Sellers are always right.
C) Let the buyer beware.
D) The product is not guaranteed.

Question 37

In marketing, which one of the following choices may be allowed in some countries, which means buyers must be more aware of what is truthful regarding what is advertised about products?

A) dishonesty
B) hyperbole
C) white lies
D) deceptive claims

Question 38

When products are shipped from one country to another, there is often a process for checking items that arrive to the destination country. Some sellers may try to misrepresent product quality and which one of the following choices?

A) size
B) ingredients
C) color
D) quantity

Question 39

Select the best choice to complete the following sentence: When a business is importing and exporting goods along the value chain, some countries may use government checks. Officials who do these checks may be inclined to accept _____ in order to allow products into or out of the country.

A) gifts
B) free samples
C) bribes
D) incentives

Question 40

A business that has a manufacturing plant in a different country learns that the building is structurally unsound. In that country, no laws or safety protocols protect workers, and the business has an ethical choice to make. Which one of the following choices best describes what the business should do if they wish to make an ethical decision?

A) Keep operating normally because no local laws are being broken.
B) Do the bare minimum to be sure that there is no negative press.
C) Move the operations to a safe facility even though it means shutting down operations for a few weeks.
D) Speak with a lawyer in each country to see what they are legally required to do.

Question 41

When considering the ethical challenges along the value chain, reducing production waste to, in turn, reduce amounts being sent to landfills would fall into which segment for organizations?

A) logistics
B) manufacturing and operations
C) human resources
D) research and development

Question 42

When it comes to selling, a salesperson often has certain sales goals to reach. To reach these goals, they may be less than truthful with information they provide the buyer to get the buyer to agree on a purchase. Some of these deceptions include which of the following choices?

A) pricing
B) product features
C) delivery dates
D) customer satisfaction

Question 43

Adding fees to a base price, such as insurance or additional taxes, is known as which one of the following choices?

A) fee surcharge
B) drip pricing
C) bundle pricing
D) add-on pricing

Question 44

As a consumer, when one sees an advertised price for a product or service, one expects to pay that price plus any additional sales taxes. However, often there are "hidden" costs that are not included, and the consumer ends up paying more due to additional fees. This is viewed as unethical by many and is illegal in some countries. This practice is known as which one of the following choices?

A) bundle pricing surcharge
B) add-on pricing
C) fee surcharge
D) drip pricing

Question 45

Select the best choice to complete the following sentence: An organization that likely has a positive work ______ is built upon having a diverse workforce and has strict policies against poor treatment of employees based on discrimination and harassment.

A) culture
B) group
C) outlook
D) operations

Question 46

An employee has informed the manager that another coworker is harassing them. The company is likely an ethical company if which of the following is the case?

A) Protocols are in place for reporting, investigating, and reducing harassment.
B) The manager tells the employee to get the harassment on video.
C) A manager goes to the employee accused of harassment and tells that employee to stop.
D) Managers do nothing to deal with the situation.

Question 47

Human resource departments are charged with determining how much employees should be paid once they are hired. Some of the factors that should be considered are paying a living wage, education, and experience. In the United States, there are laws against discriminatory practices. Factors that should NOT be considered in how much one should be paid include which of the following choices?

A) age
B) gender
C) race
D) religion

Question 48

Select the best choice to complete the following sentence: How a business is organized as far as hierarchy and levels of management can create or help reduce the level of unethical behavior. Firm ______ is the term for how a business is organized.

A) strategy
B) operations
C) infrastructure
D) culture

Question 49

An important part of sales that is often overlooked is the follow-up after a sale has been made. An example of ethical follow-up practices is best described by which one of the following choices?

A) promising a software upgrade with the purchase of computers that never happens
B) offering a warranty that limits the application of use for the buyer of the product or service
C) checking on the satisfaction of a buyer's purchase and providing a replacement if something breaks
D) having a product guarantee that is untruthful

Question 50

Select the best choice to complete the following sentence: As consumers, we often visit websites and use applications that gain data from us. How that data is used is often up to the businesses that obtain it, and they can sell users' information without their direct knowledge. It becomes a _______ issue when that data includes personal information and is stolen.

A) technology
B) cyber security
C) employer
D) privacy

Question 51

In an effort to ensure accounting information is properly and truthfully reported, standards and guidelines are in place. Which one of the following choices best describes a governing body that has global accounting standards to help provide better transparency in multinational organizations?

A) Global Accounting Practices Board
B) Transparency in Accounting Standards Board
C) International Accounting Standards Board
D) Office of Global Accounting Reports

Question 52

Select the best choice to complete the following sentence: As business interactions increase on a global scale, it is likely that there will be an instance when a business professional must travel or work abroad at some point in his or her career. It is important to remember that there may be different cultures and norms that can impact _______, which can cause dilemmas with decision making.

A) ethical decisions
B) languages
C) prices
D) the cost of living

Question 53

Which one of the following choices describes why it is important to be grounded in one's own ethical values?

A) Know the difference between right and wrong.
B) Know what one views as ethical and unethical in different situations.
C) Share one's values with others so they can agree with them.
D) Represent one's views as the best way to make decisions.

Question 54

Select the best choice to complete the following sentence: When working abroad, it can help one avoid the issues of ________ by understanding why one believes something is right versus believing something is wrong.

A) culture
B) ethical differences
C) negotiating
D) moral relativism

Question 55

Even if one is very clear on what they view as right and wrong, company policies may also determine how ethical situations should be handled in other countries. If policies are ever unclear, what should an employee working abroad do?

A) Do what they feel is appropriate.
B) Ask an acquaintance in the host country what they would do.
C) Contact the appropriate personnel to ask for clarification.
D) Reach out to a local religious leader to see what is appropriate.

Question 56

Select the best choice to complete the following sentence: One way to stick with one's own personal values is to have shared ______ and an attitude that relates strongly with others.

A) hypernorms
B) religion
C) policies
D) ethical values

Question 57

No matter what situation or what country one is in, grounding your ethical approach in a manner of kindness to all helps avoid what view of ethical confusion?

A) hypernorms
B) moral imperialism
C) thick norms
D) thin norms

Question 58

When having a conversation with a coworker about how to handle a difficult situation with a client, Sally began to think about how she would respond and was not actively listening to what was being said. Which of the following choices describe what Sally did during this conversation?

A) passive listening
B) being a friend
C) listening to be heard
D) listening to understand

Question 59

To help understand another person's perspective that is different from your own, it is best to do which one of the following choices?

A) Use passive listening.
B) Be a friend.
C) Listen to be understood.
D) Speak to be heard.

Question 60

What is one way that a person can demonstrate active listening to understand when having a conversation?

A) Summarize what you heard and ask the speaker if you understand correctly.
B) Take notes while the person is speaking.
C) Interrupt them regularly to input your own thoughts.
D) Think about how you will respond to what they are saying while they are speaking.

Question 61

In some countries, it might be quite normal to mislead others. Instead of taking information at face value, it is best practice to do which one of the following choices?

A) Mistrust everyone.
B) Verify information.
C) Share untruthful information.
D) Ask if the person is being honest.

Question 62

When working abroad, best practice for ethical leadership includes which of the following choices?

A) Understand policies and rules at your own organization.
B) Be firm in your beliefs and argue why you feel the way you do.
C) Treat others with respect and kindness.
D) Respect what others are saying, but check to ensure accuracy.

Question 63

Traveling for work or for pleasure is something that everyone should strive to do. It can help open one's mind to different views and to which one of the following choices?

A) languages
B) religions
C) cuisine
D) perspectives

Question 64

When one travels, it not only opens one up to new experiences, but it also helps to do which one of the following choices?

A) strengthen our own ethical values and norms
B) reduce your understanding of the world
C) increase fears surrounding other perspectives
D) focus on being close-minded about others

Question 65

As an employee, Mark is having a hard time adjusting to his new role as a plant manager in India. Mark has always managed by recognizing the hard work of individual employees. He feels it is the right thing to do and has always helped motivate employees in the United States. In India, however, he is noticing that the employees seem uncomfortable when he does this, and that the other employees seem to take great offense to such recognition of others. What should Mark do?

A) Keep recognizing the hard work of the employees and assume the other employees are jealous.
B) Tell the employees that they need to understand why he is recognizing individuals, and they should work to receive the same recognition.
C) Mark should speak with his supervisor about the issue and see if company policy allows for gifts to be given to those who are strong employees.
D) Have a conversation with some of the employees to better understand why the response to individual recognition seems to be negative.

Question 66

When an employee is working overseas, they encounter an ethical situation regarding whether to accept a gift from an outside client. In that country, gifts are a normal part of business interactions. However, the employee doesn't want to send a message that the gift is the reason for the business relationship. It is a small gift valued at less than $100. What should the employee do?

A) Give the gift back to the client and risk offending them.
B) Keep the gift because the company policy allows for gifts, even though the maximum value must not exceed $75.
C) Return the gift to the client and let them know how appreciative they are for the gift, but that they cannot keep the gift due to company policy.
D) Do what they feel is right ethically and morally.

Question 67

When an employee uses a company computer to make purchases online for personal use, such as shoes, furniture, and other items, they are not acting appropriately. If the company uses a surveillance system to monitor each employee's Internet usage without their knowledge, this can be viewed as unethical and impact the company in what area of the value chain?

A) manufacturing
B) sales
C) logistics
D) information technology

Question 68

A business looking to operate in a country that falls low on the transparency scale should likely worry about which one of the following choices?

A) being misled
B) corruption
C) false financial information
D) employee safety

Question 69

Explain the difference between a culture that falls on the individualism side of the cultural distance spectrum and one that falls on the collectivism side of the spectrum.

Question 70

What does it mean for a company to "cook the books"? Why is this viewed as unethical by many?

Question 71

Explain how administrative differences can impact a country's ethical norms and how that can impact businesses from choosing to operate within that country.

Question 72

Discuss at least three ways in which one can remain ethical when in a leadership position in a global setting.

Question 73

What is the value chain? Why is it important to understand the ethical challenges along the value chain when businesses perform processes outside their own country?

Question 74

What is the difference between thin ethical values and thick ethical values? How do they relate to hypernorms?

Question 75

Describe two differences between moral relativism and moral imperialism.