Deck 10: Special Juvenile Offender Populations

Question 1

The drug of choice for most adolescents is ________.

A) marijuana/hashish
B) alcohol
C) cocaine (including crack)
D) tobacco

Answer 1

alcohol

Question 2

Substance abuse is more common for persons living ________.

A) in the North and Northeast
B) in the Midwest
C) on the East and West coasts
D) in the South

Answer 2

on the East and West coasts

Question 3

Drug use among adolescents peaked during the late ________.

A) 1970s
B) 1980s
C) 1990s
D) 2000s

Answer 3

1980s

Question 4

Which of the following is a finding of the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health?

A) The lowest rate of illicit drug use was found among Caucasians.
B) Males had higher rates of illicit drug use among persons ages 12 or older than females
C) The increase in the use of illicit drugs from 2009 to 2012 was driven by a significant increase in current use of anabolic steroids.
D) The lowest rate of illicit drug use was found among African Americans.

Question 5

Juvenile sex offenders are adolescents ranging from ages ________ to ________ who take part in sexual behaviors that are considered illegal according to the law.

A) 10; 14
B) 11; 15
C) 12; 16
D) 13; 17

Question 6

Which is NOT a general characteristic of juvenile sex offenders?

A) history of severe family problems
B) married parents
C) having been a victim of sexual, emotional, or physical abuse
D) social awkwardness

Question 7

Many victims will not report sexual victimization. What is NOT a reason why victims often do not report?

A) They believe they deserve what happened.
B) They feel guilty.
C) They want the offender to get into trouble.
D) They believe what happened was normal.

Question 8

According to Veneziano, adolescent male rapists tend to choose a victim that is ________.

A) significantly younger than themselves
B) younger than themselves
C) relatively the same age
D) older than themselves

Question 9

Which is NOT a juvenile gang member?

A) part of a street gang in an urban community
B) part of an emerging gang in an urban community
C) part of an emerging gang in smaller community
D) part of prison gang in an adult facility.

Question 10

Which is NOT an origin of gang-like organizations in small communities?

A) Gang members from urban communities came to the community and persuaded youth.
B) Families from urban communities would move to the smaller communities and youth would start a gang.
C) Youth in the community would decide they wanted to be part of a gang and make up their own.
D) All the above are origins of gang-like organizations in small communities.

Question 11

In most training schools, especially in the ________, gangs control the peer culture and make it very difficult for staff to generate a positive peer culture.

A) northeast
B) southwest
C) Midwest
D) southeast

Question 12

Cook and Lau argue that a more limited availability of ________ to juveniles has been one of the major factors that has continued to depress rather than escalate juvenile homicides in the United States.

A) handguns
B) knives
C) ammunition
D) illicit drugs

Question 13

Approximately ________ parents are killed each year by their children.

A) 100
B) 200
C) 300
D) 400

Question 14

According to Kathleen Heide there are three types of youth who kill their parents. Which is NOT one of these types?

A) the severely abused child who is pushed beyond his or her limits
B) the severely mentally ill child
C) the dangerously antisocial child
D) the sociopathic child

Question 15

Detention facilities are supposed to perform a health screening on all juveniles that they admit and that screening should be performed with a(n) ________ of admission so that they are able to determine any mental conditions and/or drug or alcohol use.

A) hour
B) day
C) week
D) month

Question 16

Preventive detention holds offenders in secure locations for three reasons. Which is NOT a reason?

A) The offender may pose a threat to others.
B) The offender may be a flight risk.
C) The officials fear the offender will not show up to court when required to do so.
D) The offer may pose a threat to themselves.

Question 17

Which is NOT a factor associated with increased sexual victimization of the homeless?

A) being male
B) being female
C) being gay or lesbian
D) being bisexual

Question 18

Every year, approximately ________ youth age out of foster care.

A) 30,000
B) 40,000
C) 50,000
D) 60,000

Question 19

Drug use has significantly increased among high-risk youths and is becoming commonly linked to juvenile lawbreaking.

Question 20

Cocaine (including crack) is not an illicit drug.

Question 21

In 2015, females had higher rates of illicit drug use among persons aged 12 or older than males.

Question 22

Adolescents who have been convicted of being sex offenders are more likely to have offended someone their own age or older.

Question 23

Juvenile sex offender characteristics often includes placement away from home.

Question 24

Juvenile sex offenders have extremely high recidivism rates.

Question 25

Studies reveal that juveniles make up a large proportion of the membership of adult gangs.

Question 26

Beginning in the late 1980s and early 1990s, juveniles across the nation became involved in gang-like organizations.

Question 27

In the mid-1990s, several scholars predicted that juvenile crime would rise to new heights by 2010. They were right.

Question 28

According to Kathleen Heide, the severely mentally ill child is the most frequently encountered type of child who kills his or her parent.

Question 29

According to Desai and colleagues, less than half of youths in the juvenile justice system have a diagnosable psychiatric or substance abuse disorder.

Question 30

Juvenile offenders tend to have a higher rate of depression than other youths.

Question 31

Children who are living in cars are considered homeless.

Question 32

Adolescent drug use becomes abuse only when the user becomes ________.

Question 33

The race/ethnicity with the lowest rate of drug use among persons age 12 years or older are ________.

Question 34

Much juvenile sexual behavior is concealed within the confines of family, community, and school and often remains ________.

Question 35

Sex offenders who have had prior ________ sexual experiences have higher rates of offending than those without such experiences.

Question 36

Most females in urban communities join either a gang made up of males or a(n) ________ to a male gang.

Question 37

In most training schools, especially in the ________ region of the United States, gangs control the peer culture and make it very difficult for staff to generate a positive peer culture.

Question 38

Scholars argued that a new generation of juvenile criminals was emerging that would be far worse than any previous one. Writers referred to this new generation of juvenile criminals as ________.

Question 39

Kathleen Heide has contended that killing a parent is frequently an act of ________.

Question 40

Special needs youthful offenders include a variety of young people with a particular ________ or physical condition that requires that they either be separated from the general institutional population and/or receive unique treatment tailored to their particular circumstance.

Question 41

________ youth represents one of the highest risk groups for crime.

Question 42

________ youth are those who have been forced to leave their parental homes without alternative care arrangements and who are prevented from returning home.

Question 43

Please match each type of drug with its description.

-Marijuana/hashish

A) Males and females had similar rates of use
B) Also known as crack
C) Males were more likely to use than females
D) Also known as ecstasy

Question 44

Please match each type of drug with its description.

-Cocaine

A) Males and females had similar rates of use
B) Also known as crack
C) Males were more likely to use than females
D) Also known as ecstasy

Question 45

Please match each type of drug with its description.

-MDMA

A) Males and females had similar rates of use
B) Also known as crack
C) Males were more likely to use than females
D) Also known as ecstasy

Question 46

Please match each type of drug with its description.

-Stimulants

A) Males and females had similar rates of use
B) Also known as crack
C) Males were more likely to use than females
D) Also known as ecstasy

Question 47

Match each term or concept with its description.

-Reasons victims of juvenile sexual abuse do not report

A) Sleeplessness, anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, suicide
B) Confusion as to what really happened or are ashamed or embarrassed by the behavior of others.
C) Believe they deserve what happened, feel guilty, do not want to get others in trouble, believe that what happened is normal
D) History of severe family problems, separation from parents, placement away from home, having been a victim of child abuse

Question 48

Match each term or concept with its description.

-Characteristics of juvenile sex offenders

A) Sleeplessness, anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, suicide
B) Confusion as to what really happened or are ashamed or embarrassed by the behavior of others.
C) Believe they deserve what happened, feel guilty, do not want to get others in trouble, believe that what happened is normal
D) History of severe family problems, separation from parents, placement away from home, having been a victim of child abuse

Question 49

Match each term or concept with its description.

-Characteristics of juvenile sexual abuse victims

A) Sleeplessness, anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, suicide
B) Confusion as to what really happened or are ashamed or embarrassed by the behavior of others.
C) Believe they deserve what happened, feel guilty, do not want to get others in trouble, believe that what happened is normal
D) History of severe family problems, separation from parents, placement away from home, having been a victim of child abuse

Question 50

Match each term or concept with its description.

-Reasons juvenile sexual behavior is concealed

A) Sleeplessness, anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, suicide
B) Confusion as to what really happened or are ashamed or embarrassed by the behavior of others.
C) Believe they deserve what happened, feel guilty, do not want to get others in trouble, believe that what happened is normal
D) History of severe family problems, separation from parents, placement away from home, having been a victim of child abuse

Question 51

Please match each theoretical explanation for the onset of drug abuse with its description.

-superpredator

A) Action of these youth is frequently out of desperation.
B) A new generation of juvenile crimes that would be far worse than any previous one.
C) Explanations for the action of these youth include a lack of self-control, the breakdown of the family, availability of guns, and too much violence on television.
D) Also known as a hard-core delinquent, career delinquent, or serious delinquent.

Question 52

Please match each theoretical explanation for the onset of drug abuse with its description.

-children who kill their parents

A) Action of these youth is frequently out of desperation.
B) A new generation of juvenile crimes that would be far worse than any previous one.
C) Explanations for the action of these youth include a lack of self-control, the breakdown of the family, availability of guns, and too much violence on television.
D) Also known as a hard-core delinquent, career delinquent, or serious delinquent.

Question 53

Please match each theoretical explanation for the onset of drug abuse with its description.

-chronic offender

A) Action of these youth is frequently out of desperation.
B) A new generation of juvenile crimes that would be far worse than any previous one.
C) Explanations for the action of these youth include a lack of self-control, the breakdown of the family, availability of guns, and too much violence on television.
D) Also known as a hard-core delinquent, career delinquent, or serious delinquent.

Question 54

Please match each theoretical explanation for the onset of drug abuse with its description.

-school shooters

A) Action of these youth is frequently out of desperation.
B) A new generation of juvenile crimes that would be far worse than any previous one.
C) Explanations for the action of these youth include a lack of self-control, the breakdown of the family, availability of guns, and too much violence on television.
D) Also known as a hard-core delinquent, career delinquent, or serious delinquent.

Question 55

Discuss the prevalence and incidence of drug use among adolescents in the United States.

Question 56

Define juvenile sex offenders and identify common characteristics of juvenile sex offenders.

Question 57

Identify and discuss the ways in which juveniles in small communities' across the nation became involved in gang-like organizations.

Question 58

Cathy Spatz Widom has identified four types of violent offenders. Identify the four types.

Question 59

Discuss the difference between therapeutic detention facilities and preventive detention facilities.

Question 60

Discuss the relationship between homelessness and victimization.

Question 61

What is the relationship between drug abuse and delinquency? Please explain.

Question 62

What types of useful offenders do you believe juvenile drug courts would be most effective with? Why?