Deck 5: The Selection Structure

Question 1

The word "if" is the foundation of the selection structure.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

With a selection structure, your program can choose between alternate courses of action.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A selection structure allows you to teach the computer how to make decisions.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In many programming languages the relational operator for testing whether two values are equal is <=.

Question 5

In pseudocode, a dual-outcome selection consists of three parts:
• The word If, the condition expression, and the word Then
• The statement or statements to be performed if the condition is true; indented for readability
• The words End If lined up under the word If

Question 6

When creating a flowchart to represent selection structures, you use the rectangular symbol for a condition expression.

Question 7

On a flowchart, the End If statement in pseudocode is represented by the square connector symbol.

Question 8

On a flowchart, a question mark at the end of the expression emphasizes that the condition must be evaluated.

Question 9

-The flowchart segment in the accompanying figure depicts a dual-outcome selection that tests the value of the number of correct items.

Question 10

Structures can contain other structures, and they can be contained in other structures. They can also overlap.

Question 11

Pseudocode uses indentation and the keywords End If to define the scope.

Question 12

You should put a semicolon after the condition in a selection structure.

Question 13

In JavaScript, braces ({ }) are used to define the scope of a selection structure's true and false branches.

Question 14

You should use braces for all selection structures, even if the scope of the true or false branch consists of only one statement.

Question 15

Selections can be nested inside other selections.

Question 16

Nested selections, when written formally, require indentations for each new Else statement.

Question 17

Programs with several levels of nesting can be hard to follow.

Question 18

JavaScript allows using the keywords else if together and does not require nested braces around nested structures.

Question 19

In some languages, including JavaScript, the Case structure can test only for equality of values, not inequalities using ranges of numbers.

Question 20

A Case structure is limited in most languages to integers (whole numbers), text characters and decimal numbers.

Question 21

In a JavaScript, the entire Case structure is enclosed in a set of braces. However, the scope for each condition does not have to be enclosed in a separate set of braces.

Question 22

The end command, which is an exception to structured programming principles, is the most efficient way to exit a Case structure.

Question 23

A Case structure is used most often when conditions are treated separately.

Question 24

The selection structure and its variations with Else If statements and Case structures are among the most powerful tools a programmer has.

Question 25

The following statement concatenates a customer's name:
custName = firstName + " " + lastName

Question 26

A ____ structure evaluates a condition, which is an expression that's true or false.

A) repetition
B) Case
C) sequence
D) selection

Question 27

A selection structure depends on a(n) ____, an expression describing the relationship between two values that's evaluated when it appears in program code.

A) condition
B) variable
C) index
D) sentinel

Question 28

A ____ evaluates to a true or false value.

A) sentinel
B) condition
C) Boolean expression
D) selection structure

Question 29

The following symbols are known as ____.
<, >, ==, <=, >=, !=

A) sentinels
B) relational operators
C) selection structures
D) assignment statements

Question 30

The simplest selection structure is one in which an action is taken if the condition evaluates to true, but no action is taken if the condition evaluates to false. This structure is called the ____.

A) single-outcome selection
B) dual-outcome selection
C) nested sequence
D) nested selection

Question 31

Which of the following statements corresponds to the question below?
Is the value of hours greater than 40?

A) hours < 40
B) hours >= 40
C) hours > 40
D) hours == 40

Question 32

Which of the following statements corresponds to the question below?
Is the value of status not equal to "denied"?

A) status == "denied"
B) status != "denied"
C) status >= "denied"
D) status !== "denied"

Question 33

Which of the following statements corresponds to the question below?
Is the value of grade greater than or equal to 90?

A) grade > 90
B) grade <= 90
C) grade >= 90
D) grade != 90

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of a single-outcome selection?

A) If testScore >= 60 Then
Display "That is a passing grade."
Else
Display "That is a failing grade."
End If

B) If hoursWorked > 40 Then
OvertimeHours = hoursWorked - 40
OvertimePay = overtimeHours * wageRate * 1.5
RegularPay = 40 * wageRate
GrossPay = regularPay + overtimePay
Else
GrossPay = hoursWorked * wageRate
End If

C) If age >= 65 Then
DiscountRate = 0.10
End If

D) Method deposit(Numeric amt)
AcctBal = acctBal + amt
Display "The new balance is: $" + acctBal
End Method

Question 35

The code for the following is ____.
"If the value of password is not bottomsUp, display the message Access denied.":

A) If password ! "bottomsUp" Then
Display "Access denied."
End If

B) If password !== "bottomsUp" Then
Display "Access denied."
End If

C) If password >= "bottomsUp" Then
Display "Access denied."
End If

D) If password != "bottomsUp" Then
Display "Access denied."
End If

Question 36

The code for the following is ____.
"If the value of numCorrect is equal to 3, set bonusPoints to 10 and display the message Congratulations! You win 10 bonus points."

A) If numCorrect == 3 Then
BonusPoints = 10
Display "Congratulations! You win 10 bonus points."
End If

B) If numCorrect <= 3 Then
BonusPoints == 10
Display "Congratulations! You win 10 bonus points."
End If

C) If numCorrect > 3 Then
BonusPoints == 10
Display "Congratulations! You win 10 bonus points."
End If

D) If numCorrect != 3 Then
BonusPoints == 10
Display "Congratulations! You win 10 bonus points."
End If

Question 37

-The flowchart segment in the accompanying figure depicts a ____.

A) sequence structure contained in a repetition structure
B) dual-outcome selection structure
C) repetition structure
D) single-outcome selection structure

Question 38

Which of the following programs displays a "passing grade" message if the score is 60 or above?

A) Display "Enter a test score: "
Input testScore
If testScore > 60 Then
Display "That is a passing grade."
End If
Display "End of program."

B) Display "Enter a test score: " Input testScoreIf
TestScore ==60 Then
Display "That is a passing grade."
End If
Display "End of program."

C) Display "Enter a test score: " Input testScoreIf
TestScore <=60 Then
Display "That is a passing grade."
End If
Display "End of program."

D) Display "Enter a test score: " Input testScoreIf
TestScore >=60 Then
Display "That is a passing grade."
End If
Display "End of program."

Question 39

-The flowchart in the accompanying figure depicts a ____.

A) repetition structure.
B) sequence structure contained in a repetition structure
C) selection structure contained in a sequence structure.
D) dual-outcome selection with multiple actions.

Question 40

A ____ performs one set of steps if the condition is true and a different set of steps if the condition is false.

A) dual-outcome selection
B) repetition structure
C) single-outcome selection
D) sequence structure

Question 41

-The following flowchart is an example of a ____.

A) repetition structure
B) dual-outcome selection
C) sequence structure
D) single-outcome selection

Question 42

-The flowchart in the accompanying figure depicts a ____.

A) dual-outcome selection with multiple actions
B) dual-outcome selection
C) selection structure contained in a sequence structure.
D) single-outcome selection

Question 43

The JavaScript code for the following algorithm is ____.
If age >= 65 Then
DiscountRate = 0.10
End If

A) if (age >= 65) Then { discountRate == 0.10;} end if
B) if (age >= 65) {discountRate == 0.10} end if
C) if (age >= 65) Then {discountRate = 0.10;}
D) if (age >= 65) {discountRate = 0.10;}

Question 44

A selection contained in the scope of another selection is called a ____.

A) nested selection
B) sequence structure
C) single outcome selection
D) repetition structure

Question 45

The pseudocode for the following problem is ____.
Suppose all students in grade 12 at a high school are to be selected for a field trip, but the boys are leaving on the 8:30 a.m. bus and the girls are leaving at 9:00 a.m.

A) If gradeLevel == 12 Then
Display "Enter M for male, or F for female: "
If gender == "M" Then
Display "Your bus leaves at 8:30 a.m."
Else If
Display "Your bus leaves at 9:00 a.m."
End If
End If

B) If gradeLevel == 12; Display "Enter M for male, or F for female: "
If gender == "M" Then;
Display "Your bus leaves at 8:30 a.m."
Else;
Display "Your bus leaves at 9:00 a.m."
End If;
End If

C) If gradeLevel == 12 Then Display "Enter M for male, or F for female: "
Input gender
If gender == "M" Then
Display "Your bus leaves at 8:30 a.m."
Else
Display "Your bus leaves at 9:00 a.m."
End If
End If

D) If gradeLevel >= 12 Then Display "Enter M for male, or F for female: "
If gender == "M"
Display "Your bus leaves at 8:30 a.m."
Else
Display "Your bus leaves at 9:00 a.m."
End
End If

Question 46

Based on the grading scale below, what is the most efficient way of determining a grade?
• A if the grade percentage is greater than or equal to 90
• B if it's greater than or equal to 80 and less than 90
• C if it's greater than or equal to 70 and less than 80
• D if it's greater than or equal to 60 and less than 70
• F if the grade percentage is less than 60

A) Test each condition separately.
B) Test the score for a value between 80 and 90 only if the first condition is false.
C) Test to see whether the percentage is 90 or higher.
D) Test to see whether the percentage is less than 60.

Question 47

For nested selections that test the same variable for different values, developers created the ____, which is actually a variation of the selection structure.

A) Case structure
B) dual outcome structure
C) If structure
D) For structure

Question 48

A(n) ____ structure starts with the pseudocode keyword Select, followed by the name of the variable to test for equality with a variety of values, and ends with a colon.

A) If
B) single-outcome
C) Case
D) dual-outcome

Question 49

-The flowchart in the accompanying figure depicts a ____.

A) single-outcome selection
B) Case structure
C) dual-outcome selection
D) if structure

Question 50

In JavaScript, a Case structure starts with the keyword ____, and the name of the variable to test is enclosed in parentheses.

A) Case
B) begin
C) switch
D) select