Deck 5: The Pharmacology and Physiology of Drug Use

Question 1

The part of the brain distinguishing humans from other mammals is the

A) brainstem
B) cerebellum
C) cerebral cortex
D) medulla

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Homeostasis is maintained by the

A) hypothalamus
B) midbrain
C) pons
D) medulla

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The relationship or interaction between drugs and living organisms is referred to as

A) physiology
B) pharmacology
C) homeostasis
D) neurohormonal balance

Answer 3

B

Question 4

RAS affects

A) sleep
B) attention
C) arousal
D) all of the above

Question 5

Epinephrine, dopamine, and norepinephrine are all examples of

A) hormonal modulators
B) cCatecholamines
C) neurotransmitters found only in the autonomic nervous system
D) neurotransmitters not secreted into the synapse

Question 6

A reduction of ACH receptors in the brain has been linked to what disease?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Mmultiple sclerosis
C) Mmuscular dystrophy
D) Eepilepsy

Question 7

Which of the following neurotransmitters plays a role in regulating sensory perception, eating, pain, sleep, and body temperature?

A) Aacetylcholine
B) Eepinephrine
C) Nnorepinephrine
D) Sserotonin

Question 8

Which of the following neurotransmitters acts as an excitatory transmitter in the skeletal muscles, but functions as an inhibitory transmitter in the heart muscle?

A) Nnorepinephrine
B) Eepinephrine
C) Aacetylcholine
D) Sserotonin

Question 9

In order for an electrical message to be sent from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another neuron, it must transverse a space called the

A) myelin sheath
B) synapse
C) neuron gap
D) neurilemma

Question 10

_______allow nerve impulses to be transmitted to the cell body.

A) aAxons
B) Ccell bodyies
C) Mmyelin sheaths
D) Ddendrites

Question 11

Before ACH can be inactivated, _______ must be present.

A) vitamins
B) opium
C) cholinesterase
D) citrus juice

Question 12

It is questionable whether _________ is/are truly (a) neurotransmitter(s) since it/ they appear(s) to modulate the activity of neurotransmitters.

A) peptides
B) acetylcholine
C) serotonin
D) Catecholamines

Question 13

Epinephrine is also known as

A) acetyl salicylic acid
B) acetaminophen
C) adrenaline
D) noradrenalin

Question 14

To synthesize serotonin, high levels of what amino acid is needed?

A) Ttryptophan
B) pPeptides
C) Aacetic acid
D) aAcetaminophen

Question 15

The neurological disorder Huntington's ChoreaHuntington's chorea has been linked to what neurotransmitter?

A) Sserotonin
B) aAcetylcholine
C) eEpinephrine
D) Ggamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 16

Nornadrenaline is also called

A) epinephrine
B) serotonin
C) norepinephrine
D) dopamine

Question 17

The __________ system serves as the emotional center of the brain.

A) reticular activating
B) limbic
C) autonomic
D) peripheral

Question 18

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released into the blood-stream during times of stress?

A) Nnorepinephrine
B) Sserotonin
C) Ddopamine
D) eEpinephrine

Question 19

Which of the following neurotransmitters is thought to play a significant role in emotional, mental, and motor functions?

A) Sserotonin
B) Ddopamine
C) Eepinephrine
D) Aacetylcholine

Question 20

A nerve cell is referred to as a

A) glial cell
B) dendrite
C) neuron
D) neurilemma

Question 21

The user's psychological make-up, personality, mood, and expectations when using drugs is referred to as

A) set
B) setting
C) habituation
D) dominance

Question 22

Drugs that cause damage to the fetus are called

A) carcinogenic
B) teratogenic
C) psychogenic
D) somatogenic

Question 23

Alcohol can cause the heart muscle to

A) degenerate
B) induce cardiac arrhythmia
C) increase blood pressure
D) all of the above

Question 24

The peripheral nervous system consists of the

A) ventral and dorsal systems
B) autonomic and somatic systems
C) distal and medial systems
D) sensory and muscular systems

Question 25

The medulla and pons are part of the

A) periventricular system
B) reticular activating system
C) cerebral cortex
D) brain stem

Question 26

The amount of a drug needed to produce a specific response is the

A) threshold dose
B) safety dose
C) marginal dose
D) effective dose

Question 27

The endocrine is controlled by the

A) hypothalamus
B) pons
C) medulla
D) limbic system

Question 28

Why is drug action more prolonged in infants and the elderly?

A) the drugs are absorbed quicker
B) these groups have less neurons
C) they these groups are less able to metabolize and excrete drugs
D) these groups produce more neurotransmitters

Question 29

When a user feels the desired effects from lesser amounts of the drug, it is referred to as what type of tolerance?

A) Ppharmacological
B) Bbehavioral
C) Rreverse
D) cCross

Question 30

Regulating vital functions is a function of the

A) periventricular system
B) basal ganglia
C) brain stem
D) reticular activating system

Question 31

Which of the following terms refers to a drug's ability to produce an effect relative to other drugsdrugs?

A) pPurity
B) Ppotency
C) Ppotentiated
D) Ssynergism

Question 32

Tolerance for alcohol lessens as people

A) grow
B) think
C) feel
D) age

Question 33

When the body adjusts or compensates to the presence of a particular drug, the process is referred to as

A) behavioral tolerance
B) cross tolerance
C) pharmacological tolerance
D) reverse tolerance

Question 34

Drugs that negate the effect of other drugs are

A) synergistic drugs
B) antagonistic drugs
C) anti-elixir drugs
D) interactive drugs

Question 35

When an individual learns to adjust to the presence of a drug, what type of tolerance does that person exhibit?

A) pPharmacological
B) Bbehavioral
C) Rreverse
D) Ccross

Question 36

When tolerance to one drug results in tolerance to another drug, it is referred to as what type of tolerance?

A) Ppharmacological
B) Bbehavioral
C) Rreverse
D) Ccross

Question 37

The smallest amount of a drug to produce an effect is referred to as the

A) effective dose
B) threshold dose
C) safety dose
D) marginal dose

Question 38

Alcohol and aspirin can be harmful to the gastrointestinal system because the combination can cause

A) diarrhea
B) constipation
C) excessive internal bleeding
D) hemorrhoids

Question 39

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are branches of what larger system?

A) Pperiventricular system
B) Ssomatic nervous system
C) Aautonomic nervous system
D) Rreticular activating system

Question 40

Antagonistic drugs negate the effects of other drugs.

Question 41

The sympathetic and parasympathetic branches often work opposed to each other.

Question 42

Catecholamines affect one's emotional state.

Question 43

The "Rrunner's high" is due to epinephrine.

Question 44

Whether behaviors are viewed as rewards or punishment stems from the reticular activating system.

Question 45

Dendrites allow nerve impulses to be transmitted away from the cell body.

Question 46

Tryptophan decreases the brain production of serotonin.

Question 47

The medial forebrain bundle is tied to pleasure and reward.

Question 48

Inhalation administration of a drug is a very ineffective way to get a drug into the body.

Question 49

Drugs that produce profound and intense effects and act quickly are more likely to be abused.

Question 50

Oral administration is the most effective way to get a drug into the body and absorbed.

Question 51

Elderly women are more likely thenthan men to be at risk for drug -related problems since they receive more prescriptions.

Question 52

Reverse tolerance means that a drug user will feel the desired effects with less amounts of the drug.

Question 53

Infants and the elderly are two groups least sensitive to the effects of drugs.

Question 54

The possibility of a toxic reaction is decreased when drugs are stored in the adipose tissue.

Question 55

Neurons containing acetylcholine are termed cholinergic.

Question 56

Hormonal differences account for disparate responses to drugs.

Question 57

Teratogenic refers to drugs that cause damage to the fetus.

Question 58

When a person has to increase the amount of a drug to achieve the desired effects, they have probably developed a pharmacological tolerance.

Question 59

How drugs are administered, absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted from the body is affected by drug pharmacology.

Question 60

How important do you think tolerance is in terms of drug misuse and abuse? Explain why you think it is important.

Question 61

Discuss the differences between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Question 62

Identify the major neurotransmitters and discuss how each is thought to affect behavior.

Question 63

Why is it important to have an understanding of neurophysiology to better understand drug use, misuse, misuse, and abuse?

Question 64

Distinguish between threshold dose, effective dose, and lethal dose.

Question 65

Have you ever noticed differences between threshold and effective dose in your own use of medications? What does this tell you about variations in dose/response?