Deck 22: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a part of nutrition?

A) Cell metabolism
B) Respiration
C) Digestion of food
D) All of these are involved in nutrition

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a use of nutrients?

A) Building blocks for other larger molecules
B) Catalysts in chemical reactions
C) Producing energy
D) All of these are correct

Answer 2

All of these are correct

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a nutrient?

A) Plant fiber
B) Carbohydrates
C) Vitamins
D) All of these are correct

Answer 3

Plant fiber

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a nutrient?

A) Lipids
B) Proteins
C) Water
D) All of these are correct

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a major nutrient?

A) Lipids
B) Proteins
C) Minerals
D) All of these are correct

Question 6

Which of the following is a nutrient that is NOT digested in the intestinal tract?

A) Lipids
B) Vitamins
C) Proteins
D) All of the above are correct

Question 7

Which of the following is an essential nutrient?

A) Carbohydrates like glucose
B) Proteins
C) Fiber
D) Minerals

Question 8

Which of the following is the site of essential nutrient manufacture?

A) Stomach
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Colon

Question 9

Which of the following is the unit that is used to express the amount of energy in food?

A) Calorie
B) BTU
C) Newton
D) Watt

Question 10

Which of the following has the highest amount of energy per gram?

A) Carbohydrate
B) Protein
C) Fats
D) Vitamins

Question 11

What is the number of kilocalories that are found in one gram of proteins?

A) 1 kilocalorie
B) 4 kilocalories
C) 9 kilocalories
D) None of these is correct

Question 12

What is the number of kilocalories that are found in one gram of fat?

A) 4 kilocalories
B) 9 kilocalories
C) 21 kilocalories
D) None of these is correct

Question 13

What is the number of kilocalories that are found in one gram of water?

A) 1 kilocalorie
B) 4 kilocalories
C) 9 kilocalories
D) None of these is correct

Question 14

Which of the following is a guide to a balanced diet that contains all of the nutrient needed for health?

A) MyPyramid
B) USDA diet
C) EPA recommendation for good health
D) None of these is correct

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about a healthy diet?

A) One should consume whole grains and less sugar and refined grains
B) One should consume foods rich with fiber, vitamins and minerals
C) One should consume mostly saturated fats
D) One should consume nine servings of fruits and vegetables each day

Question 16

What is the source of most dietary carbohydrates?

A) Plants
B) Meat
C) Peanuts
D) None of these is correct

Question 17

What is the most common monosaccharide?

A) Starch
B) Glucose
C) Galactose
D) Sucrose

Question 18

Where is fructose found?

A) Vegetables
B) Milk
C) Fruits
D) All of these are correct

Question 19

Which of the following is called table sugar?

A) Glucose
B) Maltose
C) Sucrose
D) None of the above is correct

Question 20

What is sucrose composed of?

A) Glucose and galactose
B) Fructose and lactose
C) Galactose and lactose
D) Fructose and glucose

Question 21

What is lactose composed of?

A) Glucose and galactose
B) Fructose and lactose
C) Galactose and lactose
D) Fructose and glucose

Question 22

What is the only component in starch?

A) Sucrose
B) Glucose
C) Lactose
D) Maltose

Question 23

Which of the following is the polysaccharide that is stored in animals?

A) Proteins
B) Starch
C) Glycogen
D) Sucrose

Question 24

Polysaccharides, disaccharides and monosaccharides are broken down and converted into which of the following molecule?

A) Lactose
B) Sucrose
C) Glucose
D) None of the above is correct

Question 25

What is glucose mostly used to produce?

A) ATP for energy
B) Vitamins
C) Body proteins
D) None of the above is correct

Question 26

What happens to excess glucose that is consumed in the diet?

A) It is converted in fat
B) It is converted into glycogen
C) It is converted into proteins
D) It is converted into glycogen and fat

Question 27

Which of the following percentages of total kilocalories is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for carbohydrates?

A) 10 - 35%
B) 20 - 35%
C) 45 - 65%
D) None of these is correct

Question 28

What is the recommended complex carbohydrate that is to be consume in one's diet?

A) Cellulose
B) Glucose
C) Starch
D) All of these are correct

Question 29

Which of the following is the most numerous lipid in the body?

A) Triglycerides
B) Cholesterol
C) Phospholipid
D) Lipoprotein

Question 30

Which of the following is the composition of triglycerides?

A) Three glycerol molecules and one fatty acid
B) Three fatty acids and one glycerol
C) Three amino acids and one glycerol
D) None of these is correct

Question 31

Which of the following is true of saturated fats?

A) They have double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of their fatty acids
B) They have single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of their fatty acids
C) They have triple covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of their fatty acids
D) None of these is correct

Question 32

Which of the following is the source of saturated fats?

A) Meats
B) Vegetable oils
C) Corn oil
D) All of the above are sources

Question 33

Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats?

A) They have double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of their fatty acids
B) They have single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of their fatty acids
C) They have triple covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of their fatty acids
D) None of these is correct

Question 34

Which of the following is true of polyunsaturated fats?

A) They have triple covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of their fatty acids
B) They have single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of their fatty acids
C) They have many double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of their fatty acids
D) None of these is correct

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT found in plants?

A) Triglycerides
B) Cholesterol
C) Phospholipid
D) Lipoprotein

Question 36

What is the tissue that derives most of its energy from triglycerides?

A) Nervous
B) Connective tissue
C) Resting skeletal muscle
D) Epithelial tissue

Question 37

Where is excess triglycerides stored in the body?

A) Cholesterol
B) Adipose tissue
C) Muscle
D) Glucose

Question 38

What does the body use cholesterol for?

A) Protein synthesis
B) Plaque storage
C) Mucus secretion
D) Steroid hormone synthesis

Question 39

What are eicosanoids synthesized from?

A) Triglycerides
B) Cholesterol
C) Fatty acids
D) Lipoprotein

Question 40

Which of the following percentages of total kilocalories is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fats?

A) 10 - 35%
B) 20 - 35%
C) 45 - 65%
D) None of these is correct

Question 41

What is percentage of the total kilocalorie intake that should be from saturated fats?

A) 10%
B) 35%
C) 65%
D) None of these is correct

Question 42

What type of dietary fats should make up most of the diet?

A) Saturated fats
B) Cholesterol
C) Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats
D) All of the above are correct

Question 43

What disease is associated with a diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Cancer
C) Ulcers
D) Cardiovascular disease

Question 44

Which of the following percentages of total kilocalories is typical of an American diet for fats?

A) 10 - 15%
B) 20 - 30%
C) 35 - 45%
D) None of these is correct

Question 45

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

A) Trypsin
B) Folic acid
C) Alpha-linolenic acid
D) Citric acid

Question 46

What is the name of the amino acids that can't be synthesized by the body?

A) Nonessential amino acids
B) Alpha amino acids
C) Cholesterol
D) Essential amino acids

Question 47

Which of the following percentages of total kilocalories is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for proteins?

A) 10 - 35%
B) 20 - 35%
C) 45 - 65%
D) None of these is correct

Question 48

Which of the following is a vitamin that is produced by bacteria in the colon?

A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E

Question 49

What vitamin is the result of the modification of the provitamin beta carotene?

A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin A

Question 50

Which of the following is a use of vitamins in the body?

A) Electrolytes
B) Coenzymes
C) Phospholipids
D) Synthesis of cholesterol

Question 51

Which of the following type of vitamins is vitamin A, D, E and K?

A) Fat-soluble vitamins
B) Insoluble vitamins
C) Water-soluble vitamins
D) Unsaturated fat vitamins

Question 52

Which of the following type of vitamins is some B vitamins and vitamin C?

A) Fat-soluble vitamins
B) Insoluble vitamins
C) Water-soluble vitamins
D) Unsaturated fat vitamins

Question 53

What is a deficiency of vitamin D called?

A) Rickets
B) Beriberi
C) Pernicious anemia
D) Scurvy

Question 54

What is a deficiency of vitamin C called?

A) Rickets
B) Beriberi
C) Pernicious anemia
D) Scurvy

Question 55

What is a deficiency of vitamin B₁ or thiamine called?

A) Rickets
B) Beriberi
C) Pernicious anemia
D) Scurvy

Question 56

What is a deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ called?

A) Rickets
B) Beriberi
C) Pernicious anemia
D) Scurvy

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a use for minerals in the body?

A) Giving strength to bones
B) Establishing cell resting membrane potential
C) Found in hemoglobin to transport oxygen
D) Synthesize saliva

Question 58

If a package of food has a % Daily Value of 10% for total fat and the package has 3 servings and the person ate the complete package of food, how much of the % Daily Value of total fat did the person consume?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 60%

Question 59

Which of the following is defined as the metabolism of the body?

A) Oxidation - reduction reactions
B) Anabolism
C) Catabolism
D) All of these are a part of the metabolism

Question 60

What type of reaction is catabolism?

A) Energy-releasing reactions
B) Synthesis into larger molecules
C) Energy-requiring reactions and formation of larger molecules
D) Energy-releasing reactions and breaking down into smaller molecules

Question 61

Which of the following describes anabolism?

A) Energy-releasing reactions
B) Breaking down into smaller molecules
C) Energy-requiring reactions and formation of larger molecules
D) Energy-releasing reactions and breaking down into smaller molecules

Question 62

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

A) Synthesis of a neurotransmitter
B) Digestion
C) Building up muscles
D) All of the above are correct

Question 63

Which of the following is an example of anabolism?

A) Synthesis of insulin
B) Loss of energy from the break down of ATP into ADP
C) Mass movements
D) All of the above are correct

Question 64

Which of the following describes an oxidation reaction of a substance?

A) Digestion
B) Gaining of an electron
C) Loss of an electron
D) All of the above are correct

Question 65

Which of the following describes a reduction reaction of a substance?

A) Digestion
B) Gaining of an electron
C) Loss of an electron
D) All of the above are correct

Question 66

What is the short-term storage molecule that excess glucose is converted into?

A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Glycogen
D) None of these is correct

Question 67

Which of the following is produces 2 pyruvic acids, 2 ATPs and 2 NADH⁺?

A) Glycolysis
B) Citric acid cycle
C) Anaerobic respiration
D) All of the above are correct

Question 68

In glycolysis, two ATP molecules are used to add two phosphate groups to glucose. What is this called?

A) Citration
B) Glycogenesis
C) Phosphorylation
D) None of the above is correct

Question 69

Which of the following molecules is found in glycolysis?

A) Oxaloacetic acid
B) Glyceraldehyde
C) Fumaric acid
D) None of the above is correct

Question 70

Which of the following is the hydrogen carrier molecule in glycolysis?

A) ATP
B) NADH⁺
C) FADH₂
D) None of the above is correct

Question 71

What is the total energy produced in glycolysis?

A) 2 ATP
B) 2 NADH⁺
C) 2 FADH₂
D) 2 pyruvic acids

Question 72

Which of the following produces 2 lactic acids and 2 ATPs?

A) Glycolysis
B) Citric acid cycle
C) Anaerobic respiration
D) All of the above are correct

Question 73

Which of the following starts with glucose and ends with lactic acid?

A) Citric acid cycle
B) Anaerobic respiration
C) Glycolysis
D) Electron transport chain

Question 74

What is the total energy produced in anaerobic respiration?

A) 2 ATP
B) 4 ATP
C) 36 ATP
D) 32 ATP

Question 75

What is the process that converts lactic acid into glucose in the liver?

A) Cori cycle
B) Citric acid cycle
C) Anaerobic respiration
D) All of the above are correct

Question 76

What is the total energy produced in aerobic respiration?

A) 38 FADH₂ molecules
B) 36 NADH⁺ molecules
C) 38 ATP molecules
D) 6 carbon dioxide molecules

Question 77

Which of the following is part of aerobic respiration?

A) Glycolysis
B) Citric acid cycle
C) Electron transport chain
D) All of the above are correct

Question 78

Before entering the citric acid cycle, pyruvic acid is converted into which of the following molecules?

A) Lactic acid
B) Acetyl-CoA
C) Oxaloacetic acid
D) None of the above is correct

Question 79

Which of the following produces 2 acetyl-CoA, 2 NADH⁺, 2 carbon dioxide molecules?

A) Acetyl-CoA formation
B) Citric acid cycle
C) Anaerobic respiration
D) All of the above are correct

Question 80

Which of the following molecules is formed when pyruvic acid combines with oxaloacetic acid?

A) Citric acid
B) Glyceraldehyde
C) Succinic acid
D) None of the above is correct