Deck 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an example of matter?

A) A brick
B) Water
C) Air
D) Heat

Answer 1

Heat

Question 2

The simplest type of matter with unique physical and chemical properties is a(an)

A) Molecule
B) Proton
C) Element
D) Compound

Answer 2

Element

Question 3

Which element is found in the greatest abundance by weight in a human body?

A) Hydrogen
B) Carbon
C) Oxygen
D) Calcium

Answer 3

Oxygen

Question 4

Which of the following particles is NOT found in the nucleus of an atom?

A) Electron
B) Proton
C) Neutron
D) All of the choices are found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 5

Which subatomic particle is positively charged?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Protons and electrons

Question 6

By definition, the atomic number is equal to the number of _____ an atom has.

A) Neutrons
B) Electrons
C) Protons
D) Positrons

Question 7

Since an atom is electrically neutral, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?

A) Electrons and neutrons
B) Electrons and protons
C) Neutrons and protons

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true about isotopes?

A) Isotopes are two or more forms of the same element
B) Isotopes have different atomic numbers
C) Isotopes have different mass numbers
D) Some isotopes are radioactive

Question 9

An atom that has more protons than electrons is called a(an)

A) Cation
B) Anion
C) Isotope
D) Molecule

Question 10

A particle formed from the gain of electrons is called a(an)

A) Cation
B) Anion
C) Isotope
D) Molecule

Question 11

An ionic bond is formed by the

A) Sharing of electrons between two atoms
B) Loss of electrons from two atoms
C) Attraction between cations and anions
D) Gain of electrons from two atoms

Question 12

The symbol Mg²⁺ means that a magnesium atom has

A) Gained two protons
B) Gained two electrons
C) Lost two protons
D) Lost two electrons

Question 13

Which ion is NOT correctly matched to its function in the body?

A) Calcium - bones, teeth and muscle contraction
B) Sodium - membrane potentials and water balance
C) Iron - red blood cell formation
D) Chloride - acid-base balance

Question 14

In a covalent bond, electrons are

A) Transferred between two atoms
B) Lost from two atoms
C) Shared between two atoms
D) Gained from two atoms

Question 15

When electron pairs are shared equally between two atoms, what type of bond is formed?

A) Nonpolar covalent bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Polar covalent bond
D) Hydrogen bond

Question 16

When electron pairs are unequally shared between two atoms, what type of bond is formed?

A) Nonpolar covalent bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Polar covalent bond
D) Hydrogen bond

Question 17

The attraction between a positive hydrogen "end" of a polar molecule and the negative "end"
Of another polar molecule is called a(an)

A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Nonpolar covalent bond
D) Polar covalent bond

Question 18

What type of particle is formed from covalent bonds between two or more atoms?

A) A molecule
B) A compound
C) An ion
D) A mixture

Question 19

Two or more different atoms that are chemically combined form a(an)

A) Molecule
B) Compound
C) Ion
D) Mixture

Question 20

Which of the following is true of dissociation?

A) Molecules dissociate in water
B) Molecules come apart when dissolved in water
C) Ionic compounds come apart when dissolved in water
D) Water molecules can not surround ions in solution

Question 21

Compounds that have the ability to conduct an electric current in solution are called

A) Electrolytes
B) Nonelectrolytes
C) Isotopes
D) Molecules

Question 22

What type of reaction occurs when water is added to break down a large reactant into smaller products?

A) Dehydration
B) Synthesis
C) Hydrolysis
D) Reversible

Question 23

What type of reaction occurs when water is removed to add reactants together?

A) Dehydration
B) Decomposition
C) Hydrolysis
D) Reversible

Question 24

All the reactions in the body are collectively called

A) Dehydration
B) Metabolism
C) Hydrolysis
D) Synthesis

Question 25

The type of energy found in chemical bonds is

A) Kinetic energy
B) Mechanical energy
C) Potential energy
D) Electrical energy

Question 26

The energy molecule used to transfer energy in cells is called

A) Glucose
B) ATP
C) CO2
D) ADP

Question 27

Which of the following will NOT affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

A) Type of reactants
B) Concentration of reactants
C) Temperature
D) Use of a catalyst
E) All of the choices will affect the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 28

Which of the following will decrease the rate of a chemical reaction?

A) Increasing the concentration of reactants
B) Using a catalyst
C) Decreasing the temperature
D) Changing to a more reactive reactant

Question 29

What will increase the rate of a reaction without being permanently changed itself?

A) A catalyst
B) An isotope
C) An acid
D) A base

Question 30

A substance that will accept a proton is a(an)

A) Acid
B) Base
C) Catalyst
D) Salt

Question 31

What is the range for an acid on the pH scale?

A) 0 to 4
B) Less than 7.0
C) Greater than 7.0
D) 10 to 14

Question 32

As the hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH

A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Remains the same

Question 33

What is the normal pH range for human blood?

A) 7.0
B) 4.0 to 7.0
C) 7.35 to 7.45
D) 6.8 to 8.0

Question 34

A chemical that resists change in pH is called a(an)

A) Acid
B) Base
C) Salt
D) Buffer

Question 35

What is the function of oxygen in living cells?

A) To take energy from the food we eat to make ATP
B) To maintain the pH of the blood
C) A medium for chemical reactions
D) To transport nutrients in the blood

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT an inorganic molecule?

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Water
C) Oxygen
D) Glucose

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?

A) Transport of dissolved substances
B) Maintaining body temperature
C) Protection by lubricating body parts
D) Providing energy for cell reactions

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a polysaccharide of glucose?

A) Triglyceride
B) Glycogen
C) Cellulose
D) Starch

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body?

A) Energy
B) Structure
C) Bulk
D) Regulation

Question 40

The most common of the fats in the body are

A) Steroids
B) Diglycerides
C) Triglycerides
D) Monoglycerides

Question 41

The building blocks of fats are

A) Monoglycerides
B) Monosaccharides
C) Cholesterol and fatty acids
D) Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 42

Which type of fats do NOT contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease?

A) Polyunsaturated fats
B) Monounsaturated fats
C) Saturated fats
D) Diunsaturated fats

Question 43

Which lipid group is NOT correctly matched to its function?

A) Eicosanoids - regulation
B) Fats - insulation
C) Phospholipids - stored energy
D) Steroids - bile salts for fat digestion

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT true of phospholipids?

A) Make up cell membranes
B) Have two fatty acid chains
C) Have a polar end made of fatty acids
D) Have a nonpolar, hydrophobic end

Question 45

Which of the following are NOT eicosanoids?

A) Leukotrienes
B) Cholesterol
C) Prostaglandins
D) Thromboxanes

Question 46

The building blocks of proteins are

A) Nucleic acids
B) Amino acids
C) Fatty acids
D) Linolenic acids

Question 47

The sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds is the ______ structure of a protein.

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 48

The folding or bending of the polypeptide chain into an alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheet held by hydrogen bonds is the _____ structure of a protein.

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 49

The folding of the folds of a polypeptide into distinct three-dimensional structures called domains is the
_______ structure of a protein.

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 50

Two or more proteins that join to form a functional unit is the ___________ structure of a protein.

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 51

Which of the following functions of proteins is NOT correctly matched to the example?

A) Structure - collagen as a framework
B) Protection - transport of substances in the blood
C) Regulation - enzymes controlling the rate of reactions
D) Energy - produce ATP

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

A) Protection
B) Contraction
C) Heredity
D) Regulation

Question 53

The destruction of the three-dimensional shape of a protein by heat or pH changes is called

A) Denaturation
B) Activation
C) Dehydration
D) Hydrolysis

Question 54

A protein catalyst that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed is a(an)

A) Isotope
B) Domain
C) Enzyme
D) Denaturation

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes?

A) Lower activation energy for a reaction
B) Can be used for many reactants
C) Must fit like a lock and key to a reactant
D) Can be used over and over again

Question 56

What are the building blocks of nuclei acids?

A) Amino acids
B) Nucleotides
C) Fatty acids
D) Monosaccharides

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT part of a nucleotide?

A) Sugar
B) Nitrogenous organic base
C) Amino acid
D) Phosphate

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT true about DNA?

A) Has the sugar deoxyribose
B) Is a double helix
C) Has the bases adenine, guanine, uracil and thymine
D) Two bases join to form the "rungs" of the double helix

Question 59

The sequence of organic bases in DNA that codes for a protein is called a(an)

A) Gene
B) Enzyme
C) Polypeptide
D) Dipeptide

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT true about RNA?

A) A single strand
B) Had three different forms
C) Has uracil instead of thymine
D) Is the hereditary molecule

Question 61

The mass of an object changes with location, while weight stays constant.

Question 62

The atom is the smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of that element.

Question 63

The mass number of an isotope is equal to the protons plus neutrons.

Question 64

Nonpolar covalent bonds between atoms can create a polar molecule.

Question 65

A hydrogen bond is a chemical bond between atoms.

Question 66

Hydrogen bonds are important in creating the three-dimensional shapes of large molecules.

Question 67

All molecules are compounds.

Question 68

In equilibrium of reversible reactions, the amounts of reactants and products are equal.

Question 69

Within limits, the more concentrated the reactants, the slower a reaction will proceed.

Question 70

An increase in temperature will increase the rate of a chemical reaction.

Question 71

Alkalosis occurs when the pH of the blood drops below 7.35.

Question 72

Most of the chemical reactions in the body would not take place if water were not present.

Question 73

Lipids have important roles in regulating the rates of chemical reactions in the body.

Question 74

There are 20 different amino acids.

Question 75

Polar sections of a polypeptide chain tend to face outward toward water in helping to create the tertiary structure of a protein.

Question 76

The minimum amount of energy to start a chemical reaction is the activation energy.

Question 77

Enzymes will raise the activation energy making it easier for a reaction to occur.

Question 78

In DNA, the base adenine is the complement of thymine.