Deck 13: Special Senses

Question 1

Receptors for odorants are

A) Olfactory bulbs
B) Olfactory hairs
C) Olfactory mucus
D) Olfactory epithelium

Answer 1

Olfactory hairs

Question 2

What must be true in order to detect an odor?

A) The odorant must dissolve in mucus of the nasal cavity
B) The dissolved odorant binds to receptors on olfactory hairs
C) A G protein is activated when an odorant binds to its receptor which opens sodium and calcium gates
D) All of the choices are true

Answer 2

All of the choices are true

Question 3

What ion channels are opened to produce an action potential in olfactory neurons?

A) Sodium and potassium
B) Sodium and chloride
C) Potassium and calcium
D) Calcium and sodium

Answer 3

Calcium and sodium

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true of olfactory neurons?

A) They pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
B) They are bipolar neurons with dendrites specialized as olfactory hairs
C) They are located just inside the nasal cavity
D) Their axons combine to form the olfactory bulbs

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven primary odors?

A) Musky
B) Salty
C) Putrid
D) Camphoraceous
E) Floral

Question 6

What is the function of basal cells in the olfactory epithelium?

A) Produce mucus
B) Act as odorant receptors
C) Regenerate the olfactory epithelium and neurons
D) Provide memory of odors

Question 7

Odors can produce strong emotional reactions and memories because the olfactory cortex is part of the

A) Reticular activating system
B) Basal nuclei
C) Limbic system
D) Medial lemniscal system

Question 8

Taste buds are located on structures called

A) Maculae
B) Cones
C) Papillae
D) Cupulae

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a specialized epithelial cell found in taste buds?

A) Chorda tympani
B) Taste cells
C) Basal cells
D) Supporting cells

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a primary taste?

A) Umami
B) Sweet
C) Sour
D) Pepperminty
E) Bitter

Question 11

Which primary odor serves to protect from poisons?

A) Umami
B) Sweet
C) Sour
D) Salty
E) Bitter

Question 12

Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT carry taste impulses to the brain?

A) Facial nerve
B) Hypoglossal nerve
C) Glossopharyngeal nerve
D) Vagus nerve

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence in the taste neural pathway?

A) Thalamus, medulla oblongata, parietal lobe
B) Parietal lobe, thalamus, medulla oblongata
C) Medulla oblongata, thalamus, parietal lobe
D) Medulla oblongata, parietal lobe, thalamus

Question 14

Which accessory structure of the eyes protect the eyes by preventing perspiration from getting into the eyes?

A) Eyelids
B) Eyebrows
C) Conjunctiva
D) Lacrimal apparatus

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eyelids?

A) A barrier to microorganisms
B) Protects the eyes from foreign objects
C) Lubricates the eyes
D) Regulate the amount of light entering the eyes

Question 16

The blockage of a ciliary gland of the eyelashes is called a/an

A) Meibomian cyst
B) Chalazion
C) Sty
D) Caruncle

Question 17

What membrane covers the inside of the eyelid and the anterior white surface of the eye?

A) Lacrimal
B) Sclera
C) Tarsal plate
D) Conjunctiva

Question 18

What structure produces tears?

A) Lacrimal apparatus
B) Conjunctiva
C) Caruncle
D) Nasolacrimal duct

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a component of tears?

A) Water
B) Salt
C) Lysozyme
D) Sebum

Question 20

What is the function of lysozyme in the eyes?

A) Lubrication
B) Moisturizing
C) Killing bacteria
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic eye muscle?

A) Superior rectus muscle
B) Orbicularis oculi muscle
C) Inferior oblique muscle
D) Lateral rectus muscle

Question 22

The clinical test for normal eye movement is the

A) I test
B) H test
C) Eye test
D) E test

Question 23

Which muscle causes the eye to abduct?

A) Lateral rectus
B) Medial rectus
C) Inferior rectus
D) Superior oblique

Question 24

Which cranial nerve serves four of the six extrinsic eye muscles?

A) Trigeminal
B) Trochlear
C) Oculomotor
D) Abducens

Question 25

Which eye layer and its components is matched correctly?

A) Fibrous layer - choroid, ciliary body, iris
B) Vascular layer - sclera and cornea
C) Nervous layer - retina
D) Muscular layer - ciliary body and iris

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sclera?

A) Attachment for extrinsic eye muscles
B) Helps maintain the shape of the eyeball
C) Absorbs light
D) Protects inner structures

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cornea?

A) Transparent
B) Vascular
C) Refracts light
D) Allows light to enter the eye

Question 28

What structure is responsible for most of the refraction of light entering the eye?

A) Lens
B) Vitreous humor
C) Aqueous humor
D) Cornea

Question 29

What is the function of the choroid of the eye?

A) Attachment for extrinsic eye muscles
B) Helps maintain the shape of the eyeball
C) Absorbs light
D) Protects inner structures

Question 30

What structures are attached to the lens to change its shape to focus light?

A) Suspensory ligaments
B) Ciliary ring
C) Iris
D) Sphincter pupillae

Question 31

The area of the retina that contains the highest amount of photoreceptors is the

A) Fovea centralis
B) Optic disc
C) Macula
D) None of the choices is correct

Question 32

What area of the retina contains the least amount of photoreceptors?

A) Fovea centralis
B) Optic disc
C) Macula
D) None of the choices is correct

Question 33

What is found in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?

A) Serous fluid
B) Vitreous humor
C) Good humor
D) Aqueous humor

Question 34

A build-up of aqueous humor will increase intraocular pressure and cause

A) Cataracts
B) Glaucoma
C) Presbyopia
D) Hyperopia

Question 35

What is found in the vitreous chamber of the eye?

A) Serous fluid
B) Vitreous humor
C) Good humor
D) Aqueous humor

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a function of vitreous humor?

A) Holds the lens and retina in place
B) Maintains the shape of the eye
C) Refracts light
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 37

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected by the human eye is

A) Visible light
B) Gamma rays
C) Infrared light
D) Microwaves

Question 38

The process of bending light rays is called

A) Focusing
B) Reflection
C) Refraction
D) Accommodation

Question 39

Causing light rays to converge at a point is called

A) Focusing
B) Reflection
C) Refraction
D) Accommodation

Question 40

Which is the proper order of the focusing system of the eye?

A) Cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor
B) Aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, cornea
C) Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
D) Lens, vitreous humor, cornea, aqueous humor

Question 41

Fine adjustments to the refraction of light for focusing is performed by the

A) Cornea
B) Retina
C) Ciliary ring
D) Lens

Question 42

Increasing the curvature of the lens will _____ the refraction.

A) Increase
B) Decrease
C) Have no effect

Question 43

What is the distance that differentiates between far vision and near vision?

A) 10 feet
B) 20 feet
C) 30 feet
D) 50 feet

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT part of the process used to focus light on the retina for near vision?

A) Pupil constriction
B) Accommodation
C) Reflection
D) Convergence

Question 45

The normal resting condition of the lens for far vision is called

A) Emmetropia
B) Presbyopia
C) Hyperopia
D) Myopia

Question 46

The process of adjusting the thickness of the lens for near vision is called

A) Pupil constriction
B) Accommodation
C) Reflection
D) Convergence

Question 47

The point at which the lens can not adjust to close objects is called the

A) Far point of vision
B) Emmetropic point of vision
C) Near point of vision
D) Convergence point of vision

Question 48

Depth of focus increases by

A) Constricting the pupil
B) Dilating the pupil
C) Tensing the lens
D) Loosening the lens

Question 49

The rotation of the eyes medially to view a close object is called

A) Pupil constriction
B) Accommodation
C) Reflection
D) Convergence

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT part of the neural layer of the retina?

A) Bipolar neurons
B) Pigment cells
C) Photoreceptors
D) Ganglionic neurons

Question 51

Which photoreceptors are responsible for low-light and noncolor vision?

A) Rods
B) Cones
C) Ganglionic neurons
D) Both are for low-light and noncolor vision

Question 52

What is the first event that results in vision in rods?

A) Light causes opsin to change shape
B) Light causes retinal to change shape
C) Rhodopsin is activated
D) Retinal detaches from opsin

Question 53

The adjustment of the eyes when going from a lighted area to a dark area is called

A) Light adaptation
B) Accommodation
C) Dark adaptation
D) Visual adaptation

Question 54

What conditions are needed for cones to work properly?

A) Dim light
B) No light
C) Bright light
D) Alternating dim and bright light

Question 55

What visual pigment is found combined with opsin in cones?

A) Retinal
B) Rhodopsin
C) Chromopsin
D) Iodopsin

Question 56

What area of the retina has an abundance of cones and no rods?

A) Optic disc
B) Macula
C) Fovea centralis
D) Optic chiasm

Question 57

Visual acuity is enhanced with cones because

A) Several cones synapse with one bipolar cell
B) Several bipolar cells synapse with one ganglion cell
C) One cone synapses with one bipolar cell which synapses with one ganglion cell
D) There are more cones than rods in the retina

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT an interneuron of the retina?

A) Ganglion cells
B) Interplexiform cells
C) Horizontal cells
D) Amacrine cells

Question 59

What is the role of interneurons in the inner retina?

A) Help distinguish between red and blue
B) Help distinguish boundary differences between objects
C) Help focus objects
D) Help make impulses proceed more quickly

Question 60

Which axons from the retina cross in the optic chiasm?

A) Temporal fields
B) Inferior fields
C) Nasal fields
D) All axons cross

Question 61

The optic radiations on the right side contain images from the

A) Temporal field of the right eye and temporal field of the left eye
B) Temporal field of the right eye and nasal field of the left eye
C) Nasal field of the right eye and nasal field of the left eye
D) Nasal field of the right eye and temporal field of the left eye

Question 62

The ability to perceive depth and judge distance is due to

A) Binocular vision
B) Monocular vision
C) Near point vision
D) Far point vision

Question 63

A lesion in the optic chiasm would result in loss of vision from the

A) Temporal fields of both eyes
B) Nasal fields of both eyes
C) Temporal field of one eye and the nasal field of the other eye
D) No loss of vision would occur

Question 64

Which eye disorder results in clear vision of close objects and blurry vision of distant objects?

A) Hyperopia
B) Astigmatism
C) Myopia
D) Strabismus

Question 65

The result of myopia is an image focused

A) On the retina at one point
B) Behind the retina
C) In front of the retina
D) Several places on the retina

Question 66

Myopia can be corrected with a

A) Concave lens
B) Eye drops
C) Convex lens
D) Concave-convex lens

Question 67

Which eye disorder results in clear vision of distant objects and blurry vision of near objects?

A) Hyperopia
B) Astigmatism
C) Myopia
D) Strabismus

Question 68

The result of hyperopia is an image focused

A) On the retina at one point
B) Behind the retina
C) In front of the retina
D) Several places on the retina

Question 69

Hyperopia can be corrected with

A) Concave lens
B) Eye drops
C) Convex lens
D) Concave-convex lens

Question 70

The effect of aging on the accommodation ability of the lens is called

A) Strabismus
B) Presbyopia
C) Astigmatism
D) Nyctalopia

Question 71

Astigmatism is caused by

A) Irregular cornea or lens
B) Short eyeball
C) Long eyeball
D) Weak eye muscles

Question 72

Strabismus may be caused by

A) Irregular cornea or lens
B) Short eyeball
C) Long eyeball
D) Weak eye muscles

Question 73

The decreased ability to function in dim light is called

A) Strabismus
B) Presbyopia
C) Astigmatism
D) Nyctalopia

Question 74

An excessive buildup of aqueous humor that increases intraocular pressure is

A) Diplopia
B) Glaucoma
C) Cataracts
D) Macular degeneration

Question 75

The clouding of the lens as a result of protein buildup is called

A) Diplopia
B) Glaucoma
C) Cataracts
D) Macular degeneration

Question 76

The loss of visual acuity in older persons is called

A) Diplopia
B) Glaucoma
C) Cataracts
D) Macular degeneration

Question 77

What structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear?

A) Auricle
B) External acoustic meatus
C) Tympanic membrane
D) Ceruminous glands

Question 78

What is the function of the auricle of the ear?

A) Collects and directs sound waves
B) Amplifies sound waves
C) Something to hook glasses onto
D) Protects the tympanic membrane

Question 79

What structure transmits collected sound waves to the tympanic membrane?

A) Auricle
B) External acoustic meatus
C) Auditory ossicles
D) Ceruminous glands

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT an auditory ossicle?

A) Incus
B) Cochlea
C) Stapes
D) Malleus