Deck 1: Thinking Like A Sociologist

Question 1

Emile Durkheim,in his studies of suicide,found that _____,and concluded that _____ accounted for the variation in suicide rates.

A) males are more likely than females to commit suicide; social structure
B) females are more likely than males to commit suicide; social structure
C) males are more likely than females to commit suicide; social integration
D) females are more likely than males to commit suicide; social integration
E) females are more likely than males to commit suicide; industrialization

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the definition of sociology,"systematic" means

A) behavior that is erratic.
B) behavior that is original.
C) behavior that is disciplined.
D) social behavior that is regular and patterned.
E) social behavior that is premeditated.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

_____,who was critical of the system of slavery,was a pioneering feminist.

A) Dorothy Smith
B) Marianne Weber
C) Harriet Martineau
D) Emily Durkheim
E) Patricia Wright Mills

Answer 3

C

Question 4

_____ saw sociology as the scientific study of two aspects of society: social statics and social dynamics.

A) Auguste Comte
B) Emile Durkheim
C) Harriet Martineau
D) Karl Marx
E) Max Weber

Question 5

According to Durkheim,_____ are measurable aspects of social life,external to the individual.

A) social facts
B) integrants
C) questions
D) peripherals
E) public issues

Question 6

_____ is a set of statements that explain why a phenomenon occurs.

A) Sociology
B) Social work
C) A theory
D) A hypothesis
E) A culture

Question 7

A sociological perspective encourages individuals to

A) accept conventional ideas.
B) challenge common sense myths and misconceptions.
C) see society as unpredictable.
D) have a closed mind.
E) make uninformed decisions.

Question 8

_____ concentrates on the relationship between individual characteristics; _____ examines the relationships between institutional characteristics.

A) Microsociology; macrosociology
B) Macrosociology; microsociology
C) Metasociology; macrosociology
D) Metasociology; microsociology
E) Microsociology; mezosociology

Question 9

Durkheim's book,_____,used extensive data collection to draw conclusions about social integration.

A) Social Issues
B) Social Assimilation
C) Cohesion
D) Suicide
E) Integration

Question 10

By examining characteristics such as gender and race,sociologists can gauge _____; by examining social interaction,sociologists can gauge _____.

A) material facts; nonmaterial facts
B) nonmaterial facts; material facts
C) divisions of labor; social solidarity
D) social solidarity; divisions of labor
E) none of the above

Question 11

According to the textbook,which of the following is the best definition of "sociology?"

A) Sociology is the enigmatic study of social interaction.
B) Sociology is the enigmatic study of social interaction at a variety of levels.
C) Sociology is the systematic study of social interaction at a variety of levels.
D) Sociology is the systematic study of social interaction at the micro level.
E) Sociology is the systematic study of social interaction at the macro level.

Question 12

_____ is often described as the "most influential social scientist who ever lived."

A) Emile Durkheim
B) Karl Marx
C) Jane Addams
D) Max Weber
E) Charles Wright Mills

Question 13

Jennifer studies how welfare policies affect working families.Jennifer is a _____-sociologist.

A) meta
B) mezo
C) mini
D) macro
E) micro

Question 14

According to _____,individual behavior is influenced by social factors.

A) Auguste Comte
B) Emile Durkheim
C) Karl Marx
D) Charles Wright Mills
E) Max Weber

Question 15

_____,who coined the term "sociology," is also known as the "father of sociology."

A) Auguste Comte
B) Emile Durkheim
C) Karl Marx
D) Charles Wright Mills
E) Max Weber

Question 16

Thomas studies eating patterns within families.Thomas is a _____-sociologist.

A) meta
B) mezo
C) mini
D) macro
E) micro

Question 17

C.Wright Mills introduced the concept of the "sociological imagination." He used this term to describe the connection between

A) man and the physical environment.
B) historical issues and biography.
C) biography and the physical environment.
D) history and the physical environment.
E) man and biography.

Question 18

Bill is a sociologist who studies poverty.He understands that an individual's poverty status is the result of larger economic situations and unemployment rates in the local community rather than the individual's personal problem.Bill is utilizing his

A) macrosociology.
B) microsociology.
C) research methodology.
D) common sense.
E) sociological imagination.

Question 19

Comte believed that sociology must be based on

A) personal issues and public troubles.
B) religion and spirituality.
C) empirical evidence, such as experiments and observations.
D) historical evidence.
E) intuition.

Question 20

According to Durkheim,as division of labor becomes more specialized

A) individuals become more autonomous.
B) individuals become more dependent upon others.
C) groups form.
D) suicide rates increase.
E) social unity decreases.

Question 21

Which early sociologist believed that history is a series of class struggles between capitalists and workers?

A) Auguste Comte
B) Harriet Martineau
C) Karl Marx
D) Charles Wright Mills
E) Max Weber

Question 22

Jane Addams cofounded _____ in 1889.

A) the Chicago School
B) the Nobel Peace Prize
C) the American Society for Sociology
D) the Hull House
E) the Chicago Center for Sociology

Question 23

Weber's _____ requires a subjective understanding of behavior.

A) entwicklung
B) gemeinschaft
C) gesellschaft
D) kapitalismus
E) verstehen

Question 24

This social class,as identified by Marx,includes the ruling elite who own the means of production.

A) capitalists
B) communists
C) petit bourgeoisie
D) power elite
E) proletariat

Question 25

Jane Addams was largely ignored by her colleagues at the University of Chicago because

A) she was less educated than her colleagues.
B) she was working with colleagues who had published more than she had.
C) gender discrimination was rampant.
D) racial discrimination was rampant.
E) her colleagues did not agree with her assessment of immigration.

Question 26

Corey is a researcher who separates his personal values and ideologies from his scientific data collection.Corey is a _____ researcher.

A) ethical
B) alienated
C) quantitative
D) value-free
E) verstehen

Question 27

Which of the following major historical events strongly influenced Karl Marx?

A) The Enlightenment
B) Discovery of the New World
C) The French Revolution
D) The Industrial Revolution
E) World War I

Question 28

This social class,as identified by Marx,includes small business owners.

A) capitalists
B) communists
C) petit bourgeoisie
D) power elite
E) proletariat

Question 29

This social class,as identified by Marx,includes the majority of workers who depend on wages for survival and who make up the "working class."

A) capitalists
B) communists
C) managerial
D) petit bourgeoisie
E) proletariat

Question 30

Which of the following is not one of the social classes that Marx identified?

A) capitalists
B) communists
C) petit bourgeoisie
D) proletariat
E) None of the above - they are all social classes identified by Marx.

Question 31

_____ refers to people's intended and recognized activities in a society.

A) Verstehen
B) Manifest functions
C) Conflict
D) Deliberation
E) Social action

Question 32

Karl Marx believed that the key element in understanding human history and social change is to understand

A) family and its functions.
B) the role of education.
C) class conflict.
D) the importance of religion.
E) social organization.

Question 33

Unlike Marx,_____ focused on social organization,rather than the economy,to explain society.

A) Addams
B) Comte
C) Durkheim
D) Martineau
E) Weber

Question 34

For DuBois,the problem of the twentieth century was

A) "social inequality."
B) "child abuse."
C) "the gendered discrimination."
D) "the color line."
E) "the poverty line."

Question 35

Matt saw Julie laughing in the hallway with a friend.Matt knows that Julie probably just heard a joke from her friend or saw something funny in the hallway.Matt is using Weber's

A) direct observational understanding.
B) explanatory understanding.
C) surveillance understanding.
D) common understanding.
E) verstehen.

Question 36

This early sociologist published extensively in the United States on topics such as social disorganization,immigration,and urban neighborhoods.

A) Jane Addams
B) Clara Barton
C) Harriet Martineau
D) Marianne Weber
E) Max Weber

Question 37

Which of the following best describes what happened in Europe during the Industrial Revolution?

A) With the large number of technological advances, large-scale manufacturing developed quickly.
B) With the large number of technological advances, large-scale manufacturing developed quickly. The expansion of manufacturing jobs moved families from the farm into the city.
C) With the large number of technological advances, large-scale manufacturing developed quickly. The expansion of manufacturing jobs moved families from the farm into the city. With this movement into the city and the expansion of factories, urbanism and capitalism grew rapidly.
D) With the large number of technological advances, large-scale manufacturing developed quickly. The expansion of manufacturing jobs moved families from the farm into the city. With this movement into the city and the expansion of factories, urbanism and capitalism grew rapidly. As a result of the growth in capitalism, communism soon took hold in the larger cities.
E) With the large number of technological advances, large-scale manufacturing developed quickly. The expansion of manufacturing jobs moved families from the farm into the city. With this movement into the city and the expansion of factories, urbanism and capitalism grew rapidly. As a result of the growth in capitalism, communism soon took hold in the larger cities. With communism came rebellion and revolt, soon bringing the economy back to one of capitalism.

Question 38

Matt saw Julie laughing in the hallway with a friend.Matt knows that Julie must be feeling happy or joyful.Matt is using Weber's

A) direct observational understanding.
B) explanatory understanding.
C) surveillance understanding.
D) common understanding.
E) verstehen.

Question 39

This early sociologist helped to found the NAACP and was himself a prominent black sociologist.

A) W.E.B. DuBois
B) Booker T. Washington
C) Jesse Martin
D) Donald Black
E) George Herbert Mead

Question 40

Kevin views society as a system of interrelated parts,while Patrick views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources.Kevin would be considered a _____ theorist and Patrick would be seen as a _____ theorist.

A) symbolic interactionist; functionalist
B) conflict; functionalist
C) functionalist; symbolic interactionist
D) functionalist; conflict
E) conflict; symbolic interactionist

Question 41

Many people purchase a new car because they need transportation.However,after driving the car off the lot the value of the car decreases substantially.This is an example of a _____ in purchasing the car.

A) latent function
B) manifest function
C) dysfunction
D) social system
E) criticism

Question 42

The view that people attach subjective meanings to their actions is a hallmark of which theory?

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) feminism
E) systems theory

Question 43

Feminist theories extend the work of which other sociological theory?

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) systems theory
E) exchange theory

Question 44

Which of the following statements best exemplifies conflict theory?

A) Society is composed of interrelated parts that work to maintain society's cohesion.
B) Society has continuous struggles between the "haves" and "have nots" and this inequality is the source of social change.
C) Gender inequality is the major source in inequality in society.
D) People act on the basis of the interpreted meanings attached to interaction with others.
E) None of the above exemplifies the conflict theory.

Question 45

Which of the following statements best exemplifies feminist theories?

A) Society is composed of interrelated parts that work to maintain society's cohesion.
B) Society has continuous struggles between the "haves" and "have nots" and this inequality is the source of social change.
C) Gender inequality is the primary source of inequality in society.
D) People act on the basis of the interpreted meanings attached to interaction with others.
E) None of the above exemplifies the feminist theory.

Question 46

Conflict theorists focus on

A) the struggle for scarce resources.
B) stability and continuity.
C) group agreement.
D) order and stability.
E) acclimatization.

Question 47

Some criminologists suggest that criminals learn more about being a criminal in prison than they might on the street.That offenders become better criminals in prison is an example of a/n _____ of incarceration.

A) intentional function
B) beneficial function
C) manifest function
D) latent function
E) dysfunction

Question 48

According to conflict theorists,which social group controls most of the power and property in society?

A) Christians
B) White, wealthy men
C) Black, middle-class
D) Upper-class
E) Whites

Question 49

Many people purchase an expensive new car because the car serves as a status symbol.The car serving as a status symbol is an example of a

A) latent function
B) manifest function
C) dysfunction
D) social system
E) criticism

Question 50

One of the common criticisms of conflict theory is that

A) conflict theorists focus exclusively on social order and stability.
B) conflict theorists focus too strongly on gender and racial inequality.
C) conflict theory overemphasizes disagreement and competition.
D) conflict theory exaggerates the problems of economic inequality.
E) conflict theorists are too focused on micro-level factors.

Question 51

Many people purchase a new car because they need transportation.This is a _____ in purchasing the car.

A) latent function
B) manifest function
C) dysfunction
D) social system
E) criticism

Question 52

Feminist theory maintains that male domination and female subordination in society is due to

A) class conflict.
B) biography.
C) government policies.
D) patriarchy.
E) religion.

Question 53

One of the common criticisms of functionalist theory is that

A) functionalists are too focused on order and stability and fail to understand social change.
B) functionalists are too focused on social change and often ignore social cohesion.
C) functionalists often ignore the contribution of gender in understanding social change.
D) functionalists often focus too much attention on discrimination and inequality.
E) functionalists are too focused on micro-level factors.

Question 54

Conflict theory originated through the work of

A) Talcott Parsons
B) Robert Merton
C) Karl Marx
D) Emile Durkheim
E) Jane Addams

Question 55

In studying problems of the homeless,________ would focus on their face-to-face behaviors.

A) symbolic interactionists
B) functionalists
C) conflict theorists
D) structuralists
E) feminists

Question 56

Which of the following statements best exemplifies symbolic interactionist theory?

A) Society is composed of interrelated parts that work to maintain society's cohesion.
B) Society has continuous struggles between the "haves" and "have nots" and this inequality is the source of social change.
C) Gender inequality is the primary source of inequality in society.
D) People act on the basis of the interpreted meanings attached to interaction with others.
E) None of the above exemplifies the symbolic interactionist theory.

Question 57

With more than two million prisons,the U.S.prison system employs large numbers of workers and contributes to many independent and private contracts.This is a/n _____ of incarceration.

A) intentional function
B) beneficial function
C) manifest function
D) latent function
E) dysfunction

Question 58

One of the intended purposes of the mass incarceration in the United States is punishment of crime.This is a/n _____ of incarceration.

A) intentional function
B) beneficial function
C) manifest function
D) latent function
E) dysfunction

Question 59

According to conflict theorists,which of the following is not considered to be a key source of economic inequality?

A) Gender
B) Race
C) Ethnicity
D) Age
E) Intelligence

Question 60

Which of the following statements best exemplifies functionalist theory?

A) Society is composed of interrelated parts that work to maintain society's cohesion.
B) Society has continuous struggles between the "haves" and "have nots" and this inequality is the source of social change.
C) Gender inequality is the major source in inequality in society.
D) People act on the basis of the interpreted meanings attached to interaction with others.
E) None of the above exemplifies the functionalist theory.

Question 61

Auguste Comte saw sociology as the study of two aspects of society,

A) social facts and social issues.
B) social statics and social dynamics.
C) social solidarity and social integration.
D) public issues and personal troubles.
E) macro and micro.

Question 62

__________ would argue that the rise of U.S.divorce rates is the result of the changing meaning and interpretation of marriage and divorce.

A) Symbolic interactionists
B) Functionalists
C) Conflict theorists
D) Feminists
E) Critical theorists

Question 63

_____ focuses on personal interactions and subjective meanings.

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Feminist theory
D) Symbolic Interactionism
E) None of the above

Question 64

Which of the following feminist perspectives emphasizes legal and social reform to create equal opportunities for women?

A) critical feminism
B) global feminism
C) liberal feminism
D) radical feminism
E) systematic feminism

Question 65

Which of the following feminist perspectives sees male dominance as the major cause of gender inequality?

A) critical feminism
B) global feminism
C) liberal feminism
D) radical feminism
E) systematic feminism

Question 66

One of the major criticisms of feminist theory is

A) feminist theory focuses too heavily on social cohesion and order.
B) feminist theory emphasizes only gender inequality and fails to recognize other intersections of social disadvantage.
C) feminists are part of an "old girls network."
D) feminists are too focused on interaction and interpretation.
E) feminists focus only on middle class women.

Question 67

Which of the following statements best illustrates the role of symbols for symbolic interactionists?

A) To interact effectively, symbols must be designed by political authorities.
B) To interact effectively, symbols must represent the dominant social values.
C) To interact effectively, symbols must have a shared meaning.
D) To interact effectively, symbols must be universal across cultures.
E) To interact effectively, symbols must serve to illustration subjective status.

Question 68

Martha is a nurse and a mother.When Martha is at work (at County Hospital)she interacts with patients on a professional level,often referring to them as Mr.or Mrs.At home,Martha interacts with her children on an informal level,often referring to her daughter as "Baby Doll" instead of by her first name.A sociologist who studies such behavior is probably a

A) functionalist.
B) conflict theorist.
C) feminist.
D) symbolic interactionist.
E) systematic researcher.

Question 69

"College students succeed or fail based on their degree of academic engagement." This statement is an example of which sociological perspective?

A) symbolic interactionist
B) functionalist
C) conflict
D) feminist
E) exhibitionist

Question 70

__________ would argue that the rise of U.S.divorce rates is the result of the emergence of alternatives to lifelong marriage.

A) Symbolic interactionists
B) Functionalists
C) Conflict theorists
D) Feminists
E) Critical theorists

Question 71

Unlike functionalist and conflict theories,symbolic interactionism is a _____-level theory.

A) macro
B) micro
C) meta
D) mezzo
E) mini

Question 72

Harriet Martineau is responsible for translating and condensing _____'s work.

A) Emile Durkheim
B) Auguste Comte
C) Wright Mills
D) Max Weber
E) Karl Marx

Question 73

Social interaction is

A) the process by which we act toward people around us.
B) the process by which we react to people around us.
C) the process by which we act toward and react to people around us.
D) the process by which we act toward, react to, and respond to people around us.
E) the process by which we act toward, react to, respond to people around us and repeat.

Question 74

Which of the following sociologists was instrumental in the development of symbolic interactionism?

A) George Herbert Mead
B) W. E. B. Du Bois
C) Max Weber
D) Karl Marx
E) Jane Addams

Question 75

__________ would argue that the rise of U.S.divorce rates is the result of the loss of family functions.

A) Symbolic interactionists
B) Functionalists
C) Conflict theorists
D) Feminists
E) Critical theorists

Question 76

Sociology is important in your everyday life because it

A) provides marketable jobs skills.
B) evaluates social programs and policies.
C) improves your understanding of diversity.
D) helps you make informed decisions.
E) All of the above.

Question 77

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Common sense is subjective.
B) Common sense ignores facts.
C) Common sense is often contradictory.
D) Common sense perceptions vary across cultures.
E) Common sense is based on personal experience.

Question 78

Common sense differs from sociology because

A) sociology is often based on myths and misconceptions.
B) common sense is often based on myths and misconceptions.
C) sociology is subjective.
D) common sense is objective.
E) none of the above - common sense is to the same as sociology.

Question 79

Which of the following feminist perspectives focuses on how the interaction of race and gender,as well as gender and colonization,has exploited women in the developing world?

A) critical feminism
B) global feminism
C) liberal feminism
D) radical feminism
E) systematic feminism

Question 80

Which of the following is a common criticism of symbolic interactionism?

A) Symbolic interactionism is too focused on macro level factors.
B) Symbolic interactionism largely ignores macro level factors.
C) Symbolic interactionism use dominant culture as the basis of understanding.
D) Symbolic interactionism cannot be used in scientific research.
E) Symbolic interactionism is not prominent in the United States.