Deck 3: Culture

Question 1

Which one of the following statements about language is not correct?

A) A language enables people to communicate with one another.
B) Children grasp the essential structure of their language when they enter kindergarten.
C) Language influences our behavior.
D) Language conveys our ideas.
E) Language helps us understand everyday experiences.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is not an accurate sociological statement about culture?

A) Culture is learned.
B) Culture is similar across societies.
C) Culture is transmitted from one generation to the next.
D) Culture is shared.
E) Culture is adaptive and always changing.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Culture is passed from generation to generation,in both formal and informal settings. This transmission can be characterized as

A) cumulative.
B) random.
C) complex.
D) diffused.
E) inventive.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_____ are the standards by which members of a particular culture define what is good or bad,moral or immoral,desirable or undesirable.

A) Languages
B) Norms
C) Mores
D) Values
E) Sanctions

Question 5

Like the rest of her teammates,Sarah participates in a team rally before each game.This is an example of

A) customs.
B) major U.S. values.
C) an attitude.
D) culture.
E) adaption.

Question 6

Symbols,values,norms and beliefs are examples of

A) cultural boundaries.
B) nonmaterial culture.
C) material culture.
D) primitive culture.
E) subversive culture.

Question 7

When Michael and Wendy got married,they exchanged wedding rings and vows as _____ of their commitment to one another.

A) signs
B) status markers
C) symbols
D) trademarks
E) values

Question 8

Architecture,hair accessories,and technology are examples of

A) cultural boundaries.
B) tangible culture.
C) nonmaterial culture.
D) material culture.
E) primitive culture.

Question 9

The invention of the car has most significantly influenced which of the following aspects of nonmaterial culture?

A) Invention of the cell phone.
B) It increased individual isolation.
C) It created new laws.
D) Created the need for garages.
E) Created the need for car chargers.

Question 10

In 2010,President Obama signed the Plain Writing Act.What was its purpose?

A) Encourage doctors to improve their penmanship.
B) Encourage citizens to improve their reading skills.
C) Require federal documents to be written in plain English.
D) Require doctors to write in plain English.
E) Promote the use of short hand among court reporters.

Question 11

The introduction of personal computers into American society influenced the means by which we communicate.This is an example of which of the characteristics of culture?

A) Culture is learned.
B) Culture is transmitted from one generation to the next.
C) Culture is shared.
D) Culture is adaptive and always changing.
E) Culture is similar across societies.

Question 12

Progress,equality and democracy are examples of

A) norms.
B) laws.
C) values.
D) ethics.
E) mores.

Question 13

Sociologist Robin Williams identified a number of core U.S.values,ten of which are identified in the textbook.Which of the following is not a core U.S.value as identified in the textbook?

A) achievement and success
B) democracy
C) freedom and equality
D) health care
E) conformity

Question 14

Buildings,tools,music,and jewelry are examples of ___________ culture.

A) value
B) belief
C) behavioral
D) material
E) nonmaterial

Question 15

A stop sign,a wedding dress,and a handshake are examples of

A) mores.
B) transitions.
C) symbols.
D) signs.
E) culture.

Question 16

The terms "society" and "culture" are

A) literal opposites.
B) mutually dependent.
C) independent.
D) mutually exclusive.
E) legally mandated.

Question 17

Which of the following is not true of symbols?

A) Symbols take many forms.
B) Symbols distinguish one culture from another.
C) Symbols affect cross-cultural views.
D) Symbols can unify or divide a country.
E) Symbols remain constant over time.

Question 18

The term "_____" is often used by Americans to refer to activities such as reading Shakespeare's sonnets,gourmet dining,and attending the opera.

A) civilized
B) society
C) culture
D) class
E) mores

Question 19

If Kyle holds up two fingers in the peace sign,he is using which of the following?

A) abstractions
B) symbols
C) norms
D) methods
E) sociology

Question 20

Specific rules of right and wrong are called

A) values.
B) symbols.
C) language.
D) culture.
E) norms.

Question 21

Hugs,smiles,gifts,and praise are examples of

A) norms.
B) folkways.
C) positive sanctions.
D) mores.
E) negative sanctions.

Question 22

Marriage,medicine,and modesty are examples of George Murdock's

A) cultural changes.
B) cultural differences.
C) cultural universals.
D) cultural competencies.
E) cultural variations.

Question 23

In a hallway,most people walk on the right side,allowing others to pass as needed.This is an example of a

A) norm.
B) more.
C) code.
D) sanction.
E) taboo.

Question 24

Nick is a member of an online gaming community.He participates in chat rooms and sometimes plays online games for money.Nick is a member of a

A) counterculture.
B) common culture.
C) metaculture.
D) subculture.
E) transculture.

Question 25

On a hot summer afternoon,Mark wore a pair of boots and a parka to the public swimming pool.This is a violation of which type of norm?

A) folkway
B) more
C) law
D) sanction
E) commandment

Question 26

Raising your hand in class is an example of a

A) law.
B) more.
C) folkway.
D) sanction.
E) code.

Question 27

Which of the following statements best describes George Murdock's study of culture?

A) Approximately half of all known societies share more than a dozen cultural universals.
B) All known cultures share expectations about the family, education, and religion.
C) Cultural universals are common to all societies and the specific behaviors are similar across all societies.
D) All known societies share only a dozen cultural universals.
E) none of the above

Question 28

When persons visit other cultures they may experience _____,the confusion that accompanies exposure to another culture.

A) culture shock
B) culture adaptation
C) culture confusion
D) culture adjustment
E) culture change

Question 29

In most societies,murder and infidelity are considered violations of a

A) norm.
B) more.
C) folkway.
D) culture.
E) sanction.

Question 30

A sense of confusion,uncertainty,disorientation,or anxiety that accompanies exposure to an unfamiliar way of life or environment is

A) a cultural universal.
B) culture adaptation.
C) subculture.
D) counterculture.
E) culture shock.

Question 31

Norms that members of society look upon as not being critical and that may be broken without severe punishment are

A) folkways.
B) mores.
C) laws.
D) sanctions.
E) rules.

Question 32

_____ includes the norms,values and beliefs that people say they hold.

A) Formula culture
B) Ideal culture
C) Model culture
D) Coded culture
E) Real culture

Question 33

The expansion of the Internet has changed how Americans communicate.The development of long syllabi is an example of evolving

A) laws.
B) mores.
C) folkways.
D) sanctions.
E) rules.

Question 34

Which of the following is not true regarding norms?

A) Most norms are unwritten and passed down through generations.
B) Most norms are shared by only small groups of people.
C) Most norms vary depending on the situation.
D) Norms change over time.
E) Norms serve a specific purpose.

Question 35

Connie visited her new in-laws in rural China.Her in-laws' house had dirt floors and the family slept on torn cots in the front room.The water was dirty and there were no windows in the house.Connie spent the first night crying,confused about the new environment.Connie was experiencing

A) a counterculture.
B) a subculture.
C) culture shock.
D) culture adaptation.
E) culture confusion.

Question 36

Violation of a _____ is punishable by a political authority.

A) norm
B) folkway
C) more
D) law
E) rule

Question 37

Norms that members of a society consider very important because they maintain moral and ethical behavior are called

A) folkways.
B) sanctions.
C) mores.
D) law.
E) cultures.

Question 38

The most rigid norms are _____,formal rules about behavior.

A) folkways
B) mores
C) sanctions
D) laws
E) commandments

Question 39

College students represent a

A) counterculture.
B) common culture.
C) metaculture.
D) subculture.
E) transculture.

Question 40

Hitting,frowning and imprisonment are examples of

A) norms.
B) folkways.
C) positive sanctions.
D) negative sanctions.
E) mores.

Question 41

When Harry returned from a business meeting in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,his wife asked him what he thought of the Vietnamese people.Harry replied,"They're primitive people who eat dog meat,drive wildly around town on motor scooters,and talk very fast." Harry's reply is as an example of

A) ethnocentrism.
B) cultural relativism.
C) cultural diffusion.
D) the self-fulfilling prophecy.
E) the relativist fallacy.

Question 42

One of the criticisms of cultural imperialism is that it

A) requires sophisticated thought processes.
B) displaces local and authentic culture.
C) promotes U.S. culture.
D) results in cultural growth.
E) has no impact on local culture.

Question 43

Which one of the following statements is not true regarding popular culture?

A) Americans are highly influenced by popular culture and incorporate popular culture into many facets of everyday life.
B) The mass media controls much of our popular culture through newspapers, magazines, and television.
C) Americans can influence popular culture by what they buy.
D) America has laws forbidding the use of popular television characters on children's products.
E) Americans can influence popular culture by what they wear.

Question 44

_____ promotes order and stability.

A) Cultural lag
B) Cultural change
C) Cultural variation
D) Cultural integration
E) Cultural assimilation

Question 45

According to the textbook,the opposite of ethnocentrism is

A) cultural acceptance.
B) cultural relativism.
C) cultural identity.
D) cultural competence.
E) real culture.

Question 46

Countercultures emerge as a result of

A) mentally ill persons forming dysfunctional groups.
B) television shows, such as The Simpsons.
C) the emergence of the Internet and other forms of technology.
D) people believing that they cannot achieve their goals within the existing society.
E) the increase in the number of homes with computers.

Question 47

Which of the following statements about ethnocentrism is true?

A) Ethnocentrism is always dysfunctional, often creating tensions between social groups.
B) Ethnocentrism is based solely on prejudice and discrimination.
C) Ethnocentrism is the belief that one age group is more mature than another.
D) Ethnocentrism is sometimes functional.
E) Ethnocentrism encourages positive group interaction.

Question 48

_____ refers to the coexistence of many cultures in the same geographic area,without any one culture dominating another.

A) Ethnocentism
B) Cultural relativism
C) Multiculturalism
D) Metaculturalism
E) Popular culture

Question 49

According to the Southern Poverty Law Center,where are active hate groups concentrated?

A) in urban areas
B) in rural areas
C) in coastal areas
D) in the southwestern United States
E) in the southeastern United States

Question 50

Survivor,Big Brother,American Idol,and other reality television shows are examples of

A) techno-culture.
B) popular culture.
C) common culture.
D) media culture.
E) marketing culture.

Question 51

_____ is recognizing that no culture is better than another and that a culture should be judged by its own standards.

A) Darwinism
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Cultural relativism
D) Subculturism
E) Multiculturalism

Question 52

The anti-immigration laws of the 19ᵗʰ and 20ᵗʰ century serve as examples of

A) integration.
B) amalgamation.
C) cultural relativism.
D) political mistakes.
E) ethnocentrism.

Question 53

A ____ refers to the beliefs,practices,activities,and products that are widely shared among a population in everyday life

A) subculture
B) counterculture
C) popular culture
D) common culture
E) media culture

Question 54

Many researchers and medical professionals have identified _____ as the root cause of obesity in American children and teens.

A) multiculturalism
B) ethnocentrism
C) subcultures
D) popular culture
E) countercultures

Question 55

According to the text,_____ has/have significant control over shaping public opinions and perceptions.

A) politicians
B) entertainers and sports figures
C) the mass media
D) educators
E) historical figures

Question 56

As a discipline,sociology promotes

A) ethnocentrism.
B) cultural relativism.
C) civility.
D) values
E) mores.

Question 57

_____ is the belief that one's culture and way of life are superior to those of other groups.

A) Counterculturism
B) Subculturism
C) Superculturism
D) Ethnocentrism
E) Cultural relativism

Question 58

Which of the following is not an example of a subculture?

A) Kentucky Republicans
B) Pennsylvania Amish
C) Michigan Militia
D) Minnesota Farmers
E) California Teachers

Question 59

By encouraging multiculturalism,many supporters hope that

A) ethnocentrism and discrimination will decrease.
B) higher education will be better funded.
C) racial/ethnic identification will decrease.
D) national traditions will decline in significance.
E) ethnocentrism and discrimination will increase.

Question 60

In _____,the cultural values and products of one nation influence or dominate those of another nation.

A) cultural relativism
B) ethnocentrism
C) cultural lag
D) cultural insulate
E) cultural imperialism

Question 61

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the symbolic interactionist perspective on culture?

A) Norms and values unify a society and promote social stability.
B) Culture creates inequality because those in power control the media, education, and the political structures of a society.
C) Material culture, especially the media, creates inequalities specifically for women.
D) Cultural symbols allow societies to develop identities and interact with one another.
E) Material culture gives women more opportunities to accept inequality.

Question 62

When cultures change as a result of direct pressure (war,colonization)or indirect pressure (threat of embarrassment)from the dominant culture,this is called

A) internal pressures.
B) external pressures.
C) interior pressures.
D) exterior pressures.
E) dominant pressures.

Question 63

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the conflict perspective on culture?

A) Norms and values unify a society and promote social stability.
B) Culture creates inequality because those in power control the media, education, and the political structures of a society.
C) Material culture, especially the media, creates inequalities specifically for women.
D) Cultural symbols allow societies to develop identities and interact with one another.
E) Similar beliefs bind people together and create stability.

Question 64

Language,thought,and behavior are interconnected especially when _____ is/are considered.

A) race and class
B) gender
C) gender and class
D) race and gender
E) race, gender, and class

Question 65

Approximately _____ of both men and women cite "raising a family" as what matters most in life.

A) one-quarter
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) two-thirds
E) three-quarters

Question 66

Forms of communication,such as the Internet,encourage

A) delivery.
B) diffusion.
C) discovery.
D) dimensions.
E) all of the above

Question 67

Compared with folkways and most norms,laws are

A) taboo.
B) informal.
C) vague.
D) enforced.
E) conditional.

Question 68

Which one of the following sociological perspectives is often criticized for overlooking diversity and social change in explaining culture?

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) feminist theories
D) symbolic interactionism
E) this criticism is true of all of the major sociological perspectives

Question 69

When cultural values,language,and/or beliefs spread to another society,a society experiences

A) adaptation.
B) borrowing.
C) culturing.
D) diffusion.
E) empathy.

Question 70

Which one of the following statements about cultural lag is not true?

A) Cultural lag often creates uncertainty and ambiguity about what's right and wrong.
B) Cultural lags have always existed.
C) Technology plays a minor role in cultural lags.
D) Cultural lags can be viewed as opportunities to make positive changes in society.
E) Laws rarely keep up with technological changes.

Question 71

_____ is the process of creating new things; _____ is turning inventions into mass-market products.

A) Invention; innovation
B) Invention; diffusion
C) Invention; discovery
D) Diffusion; innovation
E) Discovery; diffusion

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true about discovery and invention?

A) Both discovery and invention require exploration and investigation.
B) Discovery requires exploration and investigation, but invention does not.
C) Invention requires exploration and investigation, but discovery does not.
D) Only invention requires exploration and investigation.
E) Only discovery results in new products, insights, and ideas.

Question 73

Cultural lag refers to

A) the slow pace of cultural change.
B) the lack of laws to protect against new material culture.
C) the tendency of material culture to change more slowly than nonmaterial culture.
D) the tendency of nonmaterial culture to change more slowly than material culture.
E) the slow pace of change in developing countries.

Question 74

Which of the following is not one of Murdock's cultural universals?

A) dancing
B) hair styles
C) magic
D) mourning
E) obesity

Question 75

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the feminist perspective on culture?

A) Norms and values unify a society and promote social stability.
B) Culture creates inequality because those in power control the media, education, and the political structures of a society.
C) Material culture, especially the media, creates inequalities specifically for women.
D) Cultural symbols allow societies to develop identities and interact with one another.
E) Material culture gives women more opportunities to accept inequality.

Question 76

Which of the following statements about culture is accurate?

A) Culture is innate.
B) People construct nonmaterial but not material culture.
C) Each generation creates its own culture.
D) Individuals have little control over culture.
E) Culture is adaptive and always changing.

Question 77

In every society,children begin to learn language without instruction.In fact,by the age of 6,the average child knows approximately _____ words.

A) 1000
B) 2500
C) 4000
D) 8000
E) 10000

Question 78

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the functionalist perspective on culture?

A) Norms and values unify a society and promote social stability.
B) Culture creates inequality because those in power control the media, education, and the political structures of a society.
C) Material culture, especially the media, creates inequalities specifically for women.
D) Cultural symbols allow societies to develop identities and interact with one another.
E) Culture benefits some at the expense of others.

Question 79

When Henry Ford produced the Model T,he

A) invented the automobile.
B) took someone else's invention and created an automobile.
C) manufactured the automobile only.
D) stole the blueprints.
E) created a cultural lag.

Question 80

Carmen and her family moved to the United States when she was six.At their family home,Carmen and her family spoke Spanish and celebrated Mexican holidays.However,Carmen attended an English-speaking school and participated in American sports on the weekends.This is an example of

A) cultural diffusion.
B) cultural imperialism.
C) cultural competence.
D) cultural integration.
E) cultural change.